{ "name": "Data Center Census", "publisher": "AI Laws By State LLC", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "updated": "2026-11-06", "projects": [ { "slug": "fermi-project-matador-carson-county-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/fermi-project-matador-carson-county-tx", "name": "Fermi America Project Matador", "aka": [ "HyperGrid", "President Donald J. Trump Advanced Energy and Intelligence Campus" ], "city": "Amarillo", "county": "Carson County", "state": "TX", "lat": 35.2837621, "lng": -101.568974, "coordPrecision": "site", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Site work and gas turbine deliveries underway; as of April 2026 Cleanview reported no data center buildings begun", "developer": "Fermi America", "endUsers": [ "TensorWave" ], "summary": "Fermi America plans a private-power AI campus on Texas Tech University System land northeast of Amarillo. The company says it will use 17 GW of power from natural gas, four proposed AP1000 nuclear reactors, and solar plus batteries. The project lost a prospective tenant in December 2025 and replaced its CEO in April 2026. In August 2026 it signed a $6.5 billion, 15-year lease with TensorWave for an initial 222 MW. The first gas turbines arrived in September 2026, and the NRC is reviewing the reactor license application.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 17000, "unit": "MW", "note": "company says 17 GW private power campus (earlier announced as 11 GW); ~6 GW permitted", "source": "s8" }, { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 222, "unit": "MW", "note": "initial TensorWave lease; possible expansion past 650 MW", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 5800, "unit": "acres", "note": "per ABC 7 Amarillo; Fermi's website says ~8,400 acres", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Natural gas (3 Siemens SGT6-5000F turbines, delivered Sept 2026), four proposed Westinghouse AP1000 reactors, and solar plus battery storage", "source": "s6", "note": "Fermi has given two ratings for the three turbines: up to 780 MW in simple-cycle mode (July 21, 2026 release, s13; also reported by ABC 7) and up to 728 MW in simple-cycle mode (Q2 2026 results, Aug. 13, 2026, s14)." }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 2500000, "unit": "gallons/day", "note": "maximum Amarillo agreed to sell, at twice the industrial rate", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "City of Amarillo (municipal)", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "TensorWave capacity delivered in phases starting 2H 2027", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Southwestern Public Service Company (Xcel Energy)", "note": "86 MW starting January 2026, ramping to 200 MW, via SPS 115-kV transmission (company statement)", "source": "s9", "quote": "Xcel Energy's SPS subsidiary will begin delivering 86 MW of electrical capacity in January 2026, eventually ramping up to 200 MW." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Carson County tax abatement agreement in two parts: $3 per square foot for data centers and $2,500–$2,750 per megawatt for generation", "note": "range as stated", "source": "s10", "quote": "The abatement for the data centers is set at $3 per square foot" }, { "field": "abatement_years", "value": 10, "unit": "years", "note": "each of 15 phases enters a 10-year abatement at commercial operation", "source": "s10", "quote": "that phase will go into a 10 year abatement agreement." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-06-17", "event": "Fermi submits parts 1-2 of NRC Combined License Application for four AP1000 units", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-09-05", "event": "NRC completes acceptance review of the application", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Fermi raises $746M in IPO; land clearing begins", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Amarillo City Council votes 4-1 to sell up to 2.5M gallons/day of water", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2025-12", "event": "Prospective tenant ends letter of intent after exclusivity expires; shares fall", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-12-05", "event": "Fermi America announces electric service agreement with Southwestern Public Service Company for up to 200 MW", "source": "s9" }, { "date": "2026-02-25", "event": "Final TCEQ air permit secured", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-03-27", "event": "Fermi America files a second 5 GW clean air permit application with TCEQ", "source": "s11" }, { "date": "2026-04", "event": "CEO Toby Neugebauer removed; CFO resigns", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-08-10", "event": "$6.5B, 15-year lease signed with TensorWave", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-09-18", "event": "Three Siemens gas turbines arrive on site", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-09-22", "event": "Fermi and TensorWave amend their 222 MW lease to move the closing date from Sept. 30 to Oct. 31, 2026, while a lease guaranty is negotiated", "source": "s12", "quote": "The amendment extends the closing date under the Lease from September 30, 2026 to October 31, 2026." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Class action filed January 2026 alleges the company overstated tenant demand (s4)", "Former CEO sued the company after his removal (s5)", "Construction about a year behind the IPO timeline, per Cleanview (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Fermi America Project Matador Advanced Energy and Intelligence Campus AP1000 Units 1-4, Combined License Application", "publisher": "U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission", "url": "https://www.nrc.gov/reactors/new-reactors/large-lwr/col/fermi-energy-intel-campus", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "NRC accepts Fermi America's partial licence application", "publisher": "World Nuclear News", "url": "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/nrc-accepts-fermi-americas-partial-licence-application", "date": "2025-09-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Fermi share price craters as tenant pulls back from $150m Texas data center deal", "publisher": "DCD", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/fermi-share-price-craters-as-tenant-pulls-back-from-150m-texas-data-center-deal/", "date": "2025-12-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The World's Largest Data Center Is Running Into Trouble", "publisher": "Cleanview", "url": "https://cleanview.co/reports/fermi", "date": "2026-04", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Fermi signs $6.5 billion lease for 'world's largest data center' after months of turmoil", "publisher": "ABC 7 Amarillo", "url": "https://abc7amarillo.com/news/local/fermi-america-signs-six-point-five-billion-dollar-lease-for-worlds-largest-data-center-after-months-of-turmoil-tensorwave-amarillo-texas-carson-county-water-city-council-greg-abbott-audir", "date": "2026-08-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Project Matador reaches new milestone with arrival of power generation equipment", "publisher": "ABC 7 Amarillo", "url": "https://abc7amarillo.com/newsletter-daily/project-matador-reaches-new-milestone-with-arrival-of-power-generation-equipment", "date": "2026-09-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Fermi America Project Matador power station", "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor", "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Fermi_America_Project_Matador_power_station", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Gigawatt Scale Power for Next-Gen AI", "publisher": "Fermi America", "url": "https://fermiamerica.com/", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Fermi America Executes Electric Service Agreement with Southwestern Public Service Company, a Subsidiary of Xcel Energy, Securing Up to 200 MW of Power", "publisher": "Fermi America (PR Newswire)", "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/fermi-america-executes-electric-service-agreement-with-southwestern-public-service-company-a-subsidiary-of-xcel-energy-securing-up-to-200-mw-of-power-302634443.html", "type": "company", "date": "2025-12-05" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Carson County approves tax abatement for Fermi America development", "publisher": "KFDA NewsChannel 10", "url": "https://www.newschannel10.com/2025/10/28/carson-county-approves-tax-abatement-fermi-america-development/", "type": "news", "date": "2025-10-27" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "Fermi America Files Second Clean Air Permit Application with TCEQ for 5 GW of Additional Power for Its Project Matador Private Grid", "publisher": "Fermi America (PR Newswire)", "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/fermi-america-files-second-clean-air-permit-application-with-tceq-for-5-gw-of-additional-power-for-its-project-matador-private-grid-302727777.html", "type": "company", "date": "2026-03-27" }, { "id": "s12", "title": "Fermi and TensorWave Agree to Extend Closing Date to October 31, 2026", "publisher": "Fermi America (ACCESS Newswire)", "url": "https://www.accessnewswire.com/newsroom/en/oil-gas-and-energy/fermi-and-tensorwave-agree-to-extend-closing-date-to-october-31-2026-1225550", "date": "2026-09-22", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s13", "title": "Fermi Announces First Siemens Turbines Arrive at Port of Houston", "publisher": "Fermi America (ACCESS Newswire)", "url": "https://www.accessnewswire.com/newsroom/en/oil-gas-and-energy/fermi-announces-first-siemens-turbines-arrive-at-port-of-houston-1194261", "date": "2026-07-21", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s14", "title": "Fermi Announces Second Quarter 2026 Results and Delivers on All Five 90-Day Objectives", "publisher": "Fermi Inc. (Newswire press release)", "url": "https://www.newswire.com/news/fermi-announces-second-quarter-2026-results-and-delivers-on-all-five-90-day", "date": "2026-08-13", "type": "company" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "ports-pike-technology-campus-piketon-oh", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/ports-pike-technology-campus-piketon-oh", "name": "PORTS-Pike Technology Campus", "aka": [ "PORTS Technology Campus", "SB Energy Piketon data center" ], "city": "Piketon", "county": "Pike County", "state": "OH", "lat": 39.068, "lng": -83.0138, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Groundbreaking held March 2026; Ohio EPA wetlands/stream permit for private-land portion pending as of June 2026", "developer": "SB Energy (SoftBank Group)", "endUsers": [ "OpenAI" ], "summary": "SB Energy, a SoftBank Group subsidiary, is developing a roughly 10 GW AI data center campus on federal land at the former Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant near Piketon, in partnership with the U.S. Department of Energy, alongside 9.2 GW of new natural gas generation. OpenAI announced in August 2026 that it will lease the campus for 20 years, with about 8 GW of IT capacity built out through 2032 and the first 800 MW expected in 2028. The developer has also filed permits covering about 1,016 acres of adjacent private farmland.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 10000, "unit": "MW", "note": "10 GW of data center development capacity per DOE", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "it_mw", "value": 8000, "unit": "MW", "note": "approximately 8 GW-IT per OpenAI", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 800, "unit": "MW", "note": "first 800 MW expected available in 2028", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1016, "unit": "acres", "note": "private farmland north and east of the former A-plant, in addition to federal land; the Portsmouth site covers about 3,700 acres (s5)", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 10000000000, "note": "SB Energy's initial data center investment; $33.3 billion separately for 9.2 GW of gas generation", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 35000, "note": "at full build-out", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 2500, "note": "long-term operating positions at full build-out", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "At least 9.2 GW of new natural gas generation plus 765 kV transmission lines and four substations", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "AEP Ohio (transmission partner)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "$40 million community benefits agreement from SB Energy; OpenAI adds a $40 million community grant fund", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Six-year buildout through 2032", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "grid_operator", "value": "PJM", "note": "PJM approval needed to connect the associated gas generation to the grid", "source": "s7", "quote": "Grid operator PJM Interconnection has to approve any projects added to the already backlogged grid; just this year, it is starting to review applications filed since 2022." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-03", "event": "Groundbreaking ceremony held", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-03-20", "event": "DOE, SoftBank and SB Energy announce 10 GW data center campus and 9.2 GW gas generation at the Portsmouth site", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-05-28", "event": "Permit filed with Ohio EPA covering wetlands and stream impacts on private land", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-08-17", "event": "OpenAI announces it has joined the project under a 20-year lease, with NVIDIA investing $1.5 billion", "source": "s3" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about energy and water demand, backup generator air pollution, and effects on rural landscape (s4)", "Some residents have raised concerns about radioactive contamination from the former enrichment plant; local officials say the land is safe for industrial use (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "FACT SHEET: The Department of Energy is Ensuring Affordable Energy Access in Ohio While Powering the Future of AI", "publisher": "U.S. Department of Energy", "url": "https://www.energy.gov/articles/fact-sheet-department-energy-ensuring-affordable-energy-access-ohio-while-powering-future", "date": "2026-03-20", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Feds announce huge natural gas plant, data center project in southern Ohio", "publisher": "The Statehouse News Bureau", "url": "https://www.statenews.org/government-politics/2026-03-20/feds-announce-huge-natural-gas-plant-data-center-project-in-southern-ohio", "date": "2026-03-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "OpenAI joins PORTS-Pike project", "publisher": "OpenAI", "url": "https://openai.com/index/openai-joins-ports-pike-project/", "date": "2026-08-17", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "A company's plan for a massive data center complex in Pike County includes private land as well", "publisher": "WOUB Public Media", "url": "https://woub.org/2026/06/15/company-plan-massive-data-center-complex-pike-county-includes-private-land/", "date": "2026-06-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Little talk of 'world's largest' data center planned for southern Ohio", "publisher": "The Ironton Tribune", "url": "https://irontontribune.com/2026/07/02/little-talk-of-worlds-largest-data-center-planned-for-southern-ohio/", "date": "2026-07-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Southern Ohio community embraces world's largest AI data center", "publisher": "WKRC Local 12", "url": "https://local12.com/news/investigates/southern-ohio-embrace-world-largest-artificial-intelligence-data-center-backlash-cincinnati-controversial", "date": "2026-06-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Trump deal for a $33B gas megaplant in Ohio faces huge hurdles", "publisher": "Ohio Capital Journal", "url": "https://ohiocapitaljournal.com/2026/03/24/trump-deal-for-a-33b-gas-megaplant-in-ohio-faces-huge-hurdles/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-03-24" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Pike County commissioners set open house on PORTS Project", "publisher": "Scioto Valley Guardian", "url": "https://sciotovalleyguardian.com/2026/09/15/pike-county-commissioners-set-open-house-on-ports-project/", "date": "2026-09-15", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "stratos-box-elder-county-ut", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/stratos-box-elder-county-ut", "name": "Stratos Project", "aka": [ "Stratos data center", "Wonder Valley Utah", "Stratos Project Area" ], "city": null, "county": "Box Elder County", "state": "UT", "lat": 41.51, "lng": -113.1, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "County consented to MIDA project area May 4, 2026; state water and air permits not yet filed as of May 2026 reporting; MIDA described as on 'pause' in July 2026; exempt from county's June 2026 moratorium", "developer": "O'Leary Digital", "endUsers": [], "summary": "A proposed hyperscale data center and on-site power generation campus in unincorporated Box Elder County, Utah, led by Kevin O'Leary's O'Leary Digital with Utah's Military Installation Development Authority (MIDA). May 2026 reporting described up to 9 GW of generation on about 40,000 acres; O'Leary said in June 2026 he would scale the project back, and later reporting cited roughly 20,000 acres. The county commission approved MIDA-related resolutions in May 2026, the county attorney rejected referendum petitions, and lawsuits by residents followed.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 9000, "unit": "MW", "note": "Up to 9 GW of generation reported in May 2026 (another report gave 7.5-9 GW total site capacity); developer said in June 2026 it would scale the project back", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "it_mw", "value": 1100, "unit": "MW", "note": "Ten 100 MW data center buildings plus one additional 100 MW facility, per May 2026 renderings/plans", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 40000, "unit": "acres", "note": "Across three sites per May 2026 reporting; a June 17, 2026 report described approximately 20,000 acres after the developer announced reductions", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Self-contained natural gas generation isolated from Utah's grid, with battery storage and a 3,000-acre, 500 MW solar array planned", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Privately owned water rights; pending application for 11 acre-feet per year for power generation after an earlier 1,900 acre-foot application was withdrawn following public objection", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 2000, "note": "Projected job creation as reported; permanent vs. other not specified", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "MIDA-County Agreement 26-15: master developer to make three annual upfront payments of $5.4 million to the county, starting with the first building permit; MIDA to adjust its municipal energy tax so the county receives at least $10,000 per MW of installed generation capacity annually", "source": "s9", "quote": "The Master Developer shall make three annual Upfront Payments of $5,400,000.00 per year as described in this Section." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Project in a MIDA project area; MIDA imposes a Municipal Energy Sales and Use Tax of at least 0.5% on data center campuses", "source": "s9", "quote": "A Municipal Energy Sales and Use Tax (\"MET\") of at least 0.5% on Data Center Campuses with such adjustments as are necessary, as provided in Section 6(c)." }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "No Notice of Intent submitted to Utah DEQ as of May 4, 2026; an Approval Order is required before construction", "source": "s10", "quote": "No Notice of Intent (NOI) has been submitted to date" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 60, "note": "shown in a rendering published by Dezeen (Gensler assisting with design): 10 buildings at each of six sites in Hansel Valley", "source": "s12", "quote": "It depicts 60 data center buildings, 10 clustered at each of six sites, and a 3,000-acre solar array, all located in the Hansel Valley on the most southeasterly of the three Box Elder County sites where the initiative is envisioned." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-04-24", "event": "MIDA announces plans for the Stratos Project", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-04-28", "event": "Application filed with the Utah Division of Water Rights to transfer an 11 acre-foot Hansel Valley water right for the project", "source": "s12", "quote": "'Under normal operations, the data center use will not result in a consumptive loss to the water right,' reads the application, filed April 28." }, { "date": "2026-05-04", "event": "Box Elder County Commission unanimously approves two resolutions (MIDA interlocal agreement and consent to adding private land to project area) amid protests by roughly 1,100 attendees", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-05-28", "event": "County Attorney Stephen R. Hadfield rejects referendum applications, calling the resolutions administrative rather than legislative", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-06", "event": "Referendum group BEAR sues in 1st District Court over referendum rejection; separate civil-rights suit filed by residents and Alliance for a Better Utah", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-06-04", "event": "O'Leary tells Senate President J. Stuart Adams by letter he will scale back the project, saying it won't be 'the largest data center in the world'", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-06-10", "event": "County adopts a 180-day pause on new data centers and the power plants built to serve them; Stratos is exempt because it falls under MIDA", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "O'Leary Digital and Box Elder County ask the First District Court to dismiss the June 3 referendum lawsuit", "source": "s13", "quote": "In their respective responses filed late last week to the initial June 3 lawsuit by data center opponents, O'Leary and Box Elder County maintain that there's no legal basis to challenge the two resolutions at the center of the legal tussle." }, { "date": "2026-07-15", "event": "Joshua Kanter of Alliance for a Better Utah and Gabrielle Finlayson of Elevate Strategies, who opposed the project, sue Kevin O’Leary and Fox News for defamation in federal court in Salt Lake City", "source": "s14", "quote": "Joshua Kanter, founder of the left-leaning nonprofit Alliance for a Better Utah, and Gabrielle Finlayson, of the political firm Elevate Strategies, filed suit Wednesday against O'Leary and Fox News" }, { "date": "2026-07-29", "event": "O'Leary says design is 'full steam ahead' and a water permit filing is expected by end of August; MIDA on 'pause' awaiting permit requests", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-09-21", "event": "O’Leary and Fox News ask the U.S. District Court in Utah to dismiss the defamation suit", "source": "s15", "quote": "filed a motion to dismiss the case Monday in U.S. District Court in Utah" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Box Elder Accountability Referendum (BEAR) v. Box Elder County", "court": "Utah First District Court", "filed": "2026-06-03", "status": "pending", "summary": "Referendum sponsors seek to overturn the county attorney's rejection of their referendum applications on the Stratos resolutions.", "source": "s11", "quote": "Attorneys for the Box Elder Accountability Referendum (B.E.A.R.) group filed that appeal on June 3 in the Utah First District Court here seeking to overturn the county's denial of their applications." } ], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about water use, air quality and the speed of the approval process (s4)", "Opponents say residents were denied a public vote; lawsuits challenge the referendum rejection and allege civil-rights violations (s5, s7)", "A Stewardship Utah poll reported more than 70% of respondents oppose the data center (s7)", "O'Leary claimed most protesters were paid out-of-state participants; referendum sponsor Brenna Williams disputed this (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Stratos Project | Box Elder County, UT", "publisher": "Box Elder County", "url": "https://www.boxeldercountyut.gov/641/Stratos-Project", "date": "2026-06-10", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Hundreds cry out as Box Elder commissioners wave in massive data center", "publisher": "Utah News Dispatch", "url": "https://utahnewsdispatch.com/2026/05/04/box-elder-commissioners-approve-data-center/", "date": "2026-05-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Renderings show vision for massive data center proposed in Utah, but permits could take years", "publisher": "Utah News Dispatch", "url": "https://utahnewsdispatch.com/2026/05/19/renderings-show-massive-data-center-box-elder-utah-permits-could-take-years/", "date": "2026-05-19", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Box Elder residents organize against Stratos data center", "publisher": "KPCW", "url": "https://www.kpcw.org/state-regional/2026-05-11/box-elder-residents-organize-against-stratos-data-center", "date": "2026-05-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Box Elder County residents won't get to vote on data center referendum, county attorney says", "publisher": "Utah News Dispatch", "url": "https://utahnewsdispatch.com/2026/05/28/box-elder-county-data-center-referendum-denied/", "date": "2026-05-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Kevin O'Leary to scale back Utah project — says it won't be 'the largest data center in the world'", "publisher": "The Salt Lake Tribune", "url": "https://www.sltrib.com/news/2026/06/04/box-elder-county-data-center/", "date": "2026-06-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Box Elder County passes moratorium on future data centers", "publisher": "Utah Public Radio", "url": "https://www.upr.org/utah-news/2026-06-17/box-elder-data-center-moratorium-stratos", "date": "2026-06-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Designing the Box Elder County data center is 'full steam ahead,' Kevin O'Leary says, while MIDA is on 'pause'", "publisher": "The Salt Lake Tribune", "url": "https://www.sltrib.com/news/2026/07/29/oleary-box-elder-county-data/", "date": "2026-07-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Box Elder County MIDA Stratos Agreement 26-15", "publisher": "Box Elder County", "url": "https://www.boxeldercountyut.gov/DocumentCenter/View/2189/Box-Elder-County-MIDA-Stratos-Agreement-26-15-", "type": "government", "date": "2026-05-04" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "DEQ Letter to Box Elder County Commission", "publisher": "Utah Department of Environmental Quality", "url": "https://www.boxeldercountyut.gov/DocumentCenter/View/2144/DEQ-Letter-Box-Elder-County-Letter", "type": "government", "date": "2026-05-04" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "Stratos Project opponents file promised referendum appeal with Utah First District Court", "publisher": "Cache Valley Daily", "url": "https://www.cachevalleydaily.com/news/stratos-project-opponents-file-promised-referendum-appeal-with-utah-first-district-court/article_d89e1640-d5cb-4ad6-814a-b90a9fec4c11.html", "type": "news", "date": "2026-06-04" }, { "id": "s12", "title": "New water rights application filed for data center plans; details of proposed facility emerge", "publisher": "KSL.com", "url": "https://www.ksl.com/article/51499244/new-water-rights-application-filed-for-data-center-plans-details-of-proposed-facility-emerge", "date": "2026-05-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s13", "title": "O'Leary Digital, Box Elder County press court to dismiss data center foes' lawsuit", "publisher": "Deseret News", "url": "https://www.deseret.com/business/2026/08/05/oleary-digital-box-elder-county-press-court-to-dismiss-data-center-foes-lawsuit/", "date": "2026-08-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s14", "title": "Utahns sue O'Leary, Fox News over 'smear campaign'", "publisher": "Utah News Dispatch", "url": "https://utahnewsdispatch.com/2026/07/15/utahns-sue-oleary-fox-news-over-smear-campaign/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-07-15" }, { "id": "s15", "title": "O'Leary says he didn't defame opponents of his plan for a large Utah data center", "publisher": "Utah News Dispatch", "url": "https://utahnewsdispatch.com/2026/09/24/kevin-oleary-says-he-didnt-defame-opponents-of-stratos-data-center/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-09-24" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-24" }, { "slug": "monarch-compute-campus-point-pleasant-wv", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/monarch-compute-campus-point-pleasant-wv", "name": "Monarch Compute Campus", "aka": [ "Monarch Cloud Campus", "Nscale Monarch" ], "city": "Point Pleasant", "county": "Mason County", "state": "WV", "lat": 38.8445, "lng": -82.1371, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Site work under way; air permit for 864-engine on-site gas power plant under WVDEP review as of mid-2026", "developer": "Nscale (Monarch Cloud Campus LLC)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Nscale is building a multi-phase AI data center campus on a site of up to 2,250 acres along W.Va. 62 north of Point Pleasant, powered by an on-site microgrid of 864 natural gas-fueled engines. Nscale says the first phase is engineered for 1.35 GW of AI computing capacity, with an expansion path to 8 GW or more and over $20 billion in planned investment. The project received state 'high-impact' certification in September 2026; nearby residents have reported flooding, dust and property damage from site work.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 8000, "unit": "MW", "note": "company-stated expansion path of 8 GW or more at full build-out", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 1350, "unit": "MW", "note": "first phase engineered for 1.35 GW of AI computing capacity (company-stated)", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 2250, "unit": "acres", "note": "site of up to 2,250 acres", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 3, "note": "three H-shaped data center buildings; one on the former Mason County Airport runway", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 20000000000, "note": "over $20 billion in planned capital investment (company-stated)", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 645, "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 4375, "note": "approximately", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "On-site gas-fired microgrid: 864 natural gas reciprocating engines (2.16 GW) plus 120 additional natural gas/diesel engines for emergency power, fire suppression and heating", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "$62.5 million forgivable state loan approved in 2023 to affiliate Mountaineer GigaSystem LLC; $25 million first phase provided, $37.5 million second phase waived", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Operations start targeted for January 1, 2027 per air permit application", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "WVDEP proposed stormwater discharge permit WVR312628 for 556.5-acre natural gas pipeline earth disturbance in Putnam and Mason counties; public hearing June 15, 2026", "note": "this source describes the June 15, 2026 Mason County Courthouse hearing as being on this permit application", "source": "s7", "quote": "The DEP is poised to an issue a proposed water pollution control permit for Monarch Cloud Campus to discharge treated stormwater linked to a 556.5-acre earth disturbance project for installation of natural gas pipelines in Putnam and Mason counties." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2023", "event": "State approves $62.5 million forgivable loan to affiliate Mountaineer GigaSystem LLC for a project originally planned around hydrogen production", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-04-20", "event": "Monarch Cloud Campus LLC submits air construction permit application to WVDEP for 2.16 GW on-site generation", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-05-05", "event": "WVDEP inspection documents dust cloud; department issues warning", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-05-23", "event": "Silt fence failure during site work floods properties of six residents (May 23-24)", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-06-15", "event": "WVDEP public hearing on air permit at Mason County Courthouse", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-07-14", "event": "WVDEP issues a unilateral enforcement order to Monarch Cloud Campus after stormwater and mud from the site entered a nearby neighborhood", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-09-03", "event": "Gov. Morrisey announces state 'high-impact' certification for the project", "source": "s3" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Environmental groups cite air pollution and public health risks from the nearly 1,000 on-site engines (s1)", "Air permit projects annual emissions including 1,043 tons of carbon monoxide and 506 tons of nitrogen oxides (s2)", "Nearby residents report flooding, dust, and foundation damage from construction; about 60% of neighborhood homeowners have agreed to sell (s2, s4)", "Community group Mason United opposes the project; residents object that HB 2014 limits local zoning and ordinance authority over data centers (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Point Pleasant data center: 3 buildings, nearly 1,000 natural gas, diesel engines", "publisher": "Charleston Gazette-Mail", "url": "https://www.wvgazettemail.com/news/point-pleasant-data-center-3-buildings-nearly-1-000-natural-gas-diesel-engines/article_47d6212b-2bcb-44f1-9238-f3b05a4ab717.html", "date": "2026-05-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "New permits eyed for Mason Co. data center-tied project after eight-figure WV support", "publisher": "Charleston Gazette-Mail", "url": "https://www.wvgazettemail.com/news/energy_and_environment/new-permits-eyed-for-mason-co-data-center-tied-project-after-eight-figure-wv-support/article_6a2e5e86-a19e-442d-831c-24f1760bbf80.html", "date": "2026-06-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Morrisey hails state certifications for two Mason County data center projects", "publisher": "Charleston Gazette-Mail", "url": "https://www.wvgazettemail.com/news/energy_and_environment/morrisey-hails-state-certifications-for-two-mason-county-data-center-projects/article_96015183-04d8-4947-90b4-0b19f8bcfa48.html", "date": "2026-09-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "As Data Centers Eye W.Va., Local Communities Feel Overlooked", "publisher": "West Virginia Public Broadcasting", "url": "https://wvpublic.org/story/energy-environment/as-data-centers-eye-w-va-local-communities-feel-overlooked/", "date": "2026-08-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "New data center project coming to Mason County, WV spearheaded by Florida-based real estate group", "publisher": "West Virginia Watch", "url": "https://westvirginiawatch.com/2026/09/08/new-data-center-project-coming-to-mason-county-wv-spearheaded-by-florida-based-real-estate-group/", "date": "2026-09-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "'Total shocker': Residents react to second data center coming to Mason County", "publisher": "WSAZ", "url": "https://www.wsaz.com/2026/09/04/total-shocker-residents-react-second-data-center-coming-mason-county/", "date": "2026-09-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Permit requests loom for Mason Co. data center-tied project", "publisher": "The Herald-Dispatch", "url": "https://www.herald-dispatch.com/news/new-permits-eyed-for-mason-co-data-center-tied-project-after-eight-figure-wv-support/article_4cf595a0-abef-4dac-8117-4ef159ca8a81.html", "type": "news", "date": "2026-06-03" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "DEP hands down enforcement order on company preparing data center site in Mason County after second muddy event", "publisher": "WV MetroNews", "url": "https://wvmetronews.com/2026/07/14/dep-hands-down-enforcement-order-on-company-preparing-data-center-site-in-mason-county-after-second-muddy-event/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-07-14" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "comanche-circle-hood-county-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/comanche-circle-hood-county-tx", "name": "Comanche Circle", "aka": [ "Sailfish Comanche Circle" ], "city": "Tolar", "county": "Hood County", "state": "TX", "lat": 32.39, "lng": -97.92, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Concept plan approved without conditions 2026-06-09; next is site development plan review. County twice rejected data center moratoriums in Feb 2026", "developer": "Sailfish Investors", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Sailfish Investors plans a roughly 2,100-acre data center campus with on-site natural gas generation in the Tolar area of Hood County, one of eight data centers proposed in the county. Commissioners conditionally approved it in January 2026, rejected two moratorium proposals 3-2 in February and asked the Texas Attorney General whether they have authority to impose one, and then approved the concept plan without conditions in June 2026. Residents have raised concerns about water, wastewater and the Paluxy River.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 5000, "unit": "MW", "note": "planned at full build-out per Sailfish's January 2025 announcement (nine campuses on 2,600 acres; Phase 1 3.2 GW); Texas Tribune (June 2026) reports up to 3 GW combined with two other Sailfish projects", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 2100, "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 450, "note": "up to 450 full-time positions", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Privately funded on-site natural gas generation plus grid (ERCOT) connection", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "private groundwater wells; private wastewater treatment plant", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 150000, "note": "initially reported; developer later said under 50,000 gpd for three combined projects", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop (company-stated)", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Expected operational 2027 (per Jan 2026 report); 7-year buildout per Texas Tribune", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "NRG withdrew its air permit application for the 2 GW gas-fired Tolar Power Center, which would have supplied Comanche Circle, on June 18, 2026", "source": "s8", "quote": "NRG requested withdrawal of its application for the proposed Tolar Power Center June 18." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-01-13", "event": "Commissioners conditionally approve concept plan 4-1, requiring more detail on drainage, wastewater, landscape and power generation", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-02", "event": "Commissioners reject second moratorium 3-2 and seek Attorney General opinion on authority", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-02-10", "event": "Commissioners reject six-month moratorium 3-2", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-06-09", "event": "Commissioners approve Comanche Circle 3-1 without conditions; technical requirements deferred to site development plan", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-06-18", "event": "NRG requests withdrawal of its air permit application for the 2 GW Tolar Power Center planned to supply Comanche Circle", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-08-11", "event": "Sailfish commits project to Governor Abbott's audit process and SB 6 interconnection requirements", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-09-08", "event": "Hood County Commissioners Court postpones its discussion of the proposed data center projects, including Comanche Circle, to October 13 so a public hearing can be properly advertised", "source": "s9", "quote": "to allow time for proper advertising of the item for a public hearing" }, { "date": "2026-10-13", "event": "Commissioners vote 3-1 against a settlement offered by Sailfish Investors that would have shrunk the Hood County footprint from about 2,523 to about 1,375 acres, then unanimously deny the developer's appeal of the county's on-site permit decision", "source": "s10" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents cited water use, Lake Granbury watershed and Paluxy River pollution risks, noise, roads and emergency services (s2)", "State Sen. Paul Bettencourt argued counties lack authority to impose building moratoriums (s2, s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Hood County gives conditional approval to 2,100-acre data center development after pushback", "publisher": "KERA News", "url": "https://www.keranews.org/energy-environment/2026-01-13/hood-county-data-centers-comanche-circle", "date": "2026-01-13", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Hood County rejects moratorium on new data centers, large developments despite pushback", "publisher": "KERA News", "url": "https://www.keranews.org/energy-environment/2026-02-10/hood-county-data-center-moratorium-fails", "date": "2026-02-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Hood County rejects second data center moratorium, seeks attorney general's opinion on authority", "publisher": "KERA News", "url": "https://www.keranews.org/energy-environment/2026-02-25/data-center-moratorium-texas-hood-county-ken-paxton", "date": "2026-02-25", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The 8 data centers that could transform one Texas county", "publisher": "The Texas Tribune", "url": "https://www.texastribune.org/2026/06/02/texas-data-centers-hood-county-local-control-rural-water-power/", "date": "2026-06-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Hood County approves Comanche Circle data center without conditions after contentious meeting", "publisher": "KERA News", "url": "https://www.keranews.org/government/2026-06-09/hood-county-approves-comanche-circle-data-center-without-conditions-after-contentious-meeting", "date": "2026-06-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Sailfish Investors Commits Comanche Circle Data Center to Governor Abbott's Texas Standards", "publisher": "Sailfish Investors (via National Law Review)", "url": "https://natlawreview.com/press-releases/sailfish-investors-commits-comanche-circle-data-center-governor-abbotts", "date": "2026-08-11", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Sailfish plans multi-gigawatt data center park outside DFW, Texas", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/sailfish-plans-multi-gigawatt-data-center-park-outside-dfw-texas/", "date": "2025-01-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "NRG withdraws permit for proposed Tolar gas plant amid community opposition", "publisher": "KERA News", "url": "https://www.keranews.org/energy-environment/2026-06-25/comanche-circle-paluxy-river-valley-data-center-hill-county-dinosaur-valley-state-park", "type": "news", "date": "2026-06-25" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Hood County commissioners set to discuss proposed data center projects amid ongoing debate", "publisher": "NBC DFW", "url": "https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/hood-county-commissioners-set-to-discuss-proposed-data-center-projects-amid-ongoing-debate/4073892/", "date": "2026-09-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Hood County rejects Comanche Circle data center settlement, permit appeal", "publisher": "Texas Public Radio", "url": "https://www.tpr.org/news/2026-10-13/hood-county-rejects-comanche-circle-data-center-settlement-permit-appeal", "date": "2026-10-13", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-10-17" }, { "slug": "gw-ranch-pecos-county-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/gw-ranch-pecos-county-tx", "name": "GW Ranch", "aka": [ "Pacifico Energy GW Ranch" ], "city": "Fort Stockton", "county": "Pecos County", "state": "TX", "lat": 30.89, "lng": -102.88, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Only a TCEQ air permit for up to 7.65 GW of gas generation has been reported (announced by the developer Jan 26, 2026); no tenant confirmed and no local land-use approval found; developer targets first power in first half of 2027", "developer": "Pacifico Energy", "endUsers": [], "summary": "GW Ranch is a planned off-grid gas, battery and solar power complex for hyperscale data centers on more than 8,000 acres in Pecos County, about 17 miles north of Fort Stockton. The only approval reported is a Texas Commission on Environmental Quality air permit for up to 7.65 GW of gas-fired generation, announced by developer Pacifico Energy in January 2026; the sources reviewed describe no local land-use approval. Pacifico says it aims to reach 5 GW by 2031. No tenant is confirmed by the company or county; a September 2026 Texas Public Radio article describes the project as being for Amazon without further detail.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 5000, "unit": "MW", "note": "developer goal for dedicated private-grid power by 2031, starting with 1 GW (Energy Tech)", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 7650, "unit": "MW", "note": "gas-fired generation covered by the TCEQ air permit; a permit ceiling rather than a stated campus load, and described as the largest in the U.S. by the company", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 1000, "unit": "MW", "note": "developer plans to start with 1 GW (Energy Tech)", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Private grid isolated from ERCOT: gas turbines plus 1.8 GW of battery storage and 750 MW of solar, fed by a planned 15-mile pipeline to Waha", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 8000, "unit": "acres", "note": "\"more than 8,000 acres\"", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First power expected in the first half of 2027 (developer), with a path to scale beyond 5 GW", "source": "s1" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-01-26", "event": "Developer announces it has obtained the TCEQ air permit for up to 7.65 GW of gas generation (exact issue date not given in sources)", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-02-01", "event": "Local TV reports the permit and the developer's expectation of power in the first half of 2027", "source": "s1" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The Big Bend Sentinel notes that closed-loop data center cooling still needs large water volumes for the initial fill and periodic refills; the article does not say what cooling GW Ranch will use (s4)", "The permit size and 'largest' description come from the developer (s1, s3)", "Three Democratic state senators sent Pacifico a March 2026 letter raising pollution concerns, per Texas Public Radio (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Texas approves \"largest permitted data center campus\" in the U.S.", "publisher": "KCBD", "url": "https://www.kcbd.com/2026/02/01/texas-approves-largest-permitted-data-center-campus-us", "date": "2026-02-01", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Data Center-Focused GW Ranch Project Clears Texas Air Permitting Hurdle", "publisher": "Energy Tech", "url": "https://energytech.com/distributed-energy/article/55353756/data-center-focused-gw-ranch-project-clears-texas-air-permitting-hurdle", "date": "2026-01-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Pacifico Energy Obtains Air Permit for GW Ranch Project in Texas", "publisher": "Turbomachinery Magazine", "url": "https://www.turbomachinerymag.com/view/pacifico-energy-obtains-air-permit-for-gw-ranch-project-in-texas", "date": "2026-01-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Massive AI data center coming to Pecos County", "publisher": "Big Bend Sentinel", "url": "https://bigbendsentinel.com/2026/02/04/massive-ai-data-center-coming-to-pecos-county/", "date": "2026-02-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Developer behind Amazon's Pecos County data center approaches Brewster County officials", "publisher": "Texas Public Radio", "url": "https://www.tpr.org/news/2026-09-18/developer-behind-amazons-pecos-county-data-center-approaches-brewster-county-officials", "date": "2026-09-18", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-05" }, { "slug": "meta-hyperion-richland-parish-la", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/meta-hyperion-richland-parish-la", "name": "Meta Hyperion", "aka": [ "Richland Parish Data Center", "Hyperion" ], "city": "Holly Ridge", "county": "Richland Parish", "state": "LA", "lat": 32.46778, "lng": -91.62667, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Expanded to 5 GW / $50B in July 2026; LPSC final vote on seven additional Entergy gas plants scheduled Dec. 16, 2026", "developer": "Meta", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Meta's Hyperion AI data center campus near Holly Ridge in Richland Parish, Louisiana, which Meta said in July 2026 will reach 5 GW of compute capacity and more than $50 billion in investment. Entergy Louisiana received approval in 2025 for three gas plants to serve it and is seeking fast-tracked approval of seven more, with a final Public Service Commission decision scheduled for Dec. 16, 2026. Construction began after a December 2024 groundbreaking; local reporting cites a 2030 operational target and resident concerns over housing costs and utility rates.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 5000, "unit": "MW", "note": "Compute capacity per Meta; expanded from original 2 GW", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 50000000000, "note": "Over $50 billion in the Richland Parish region per Meta (July 2026); a May 2026 report cited $27 billion", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 3650, "unit": "acres", "note": "Original 2,250 acres plus 1,400 acres purchased at end of 2025", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 4000000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 1000, "note": "Operational roles once completed, per Meta", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 7500, "note": "Peak, per Meta", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Entergy Louisiana", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Entergy gas generation: three combined-cycle plants (~3,000 MW) approved Aug. 2025, plus seven more gas plants, grid batteries and nuclear uprates proposed in 2026", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "2030", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "utility_docket", "value": "LPSC Docket U-37425 (three combined-cycle gas plants and transmission, approved Aug. 20, 2025)", "source": "s6", "quote": "DOCKET NO. U-37425 ... On August 20, 2025, the Louisiana Public Service Commission (\"LPSC\" or \"Commission\") voted to approve the application filed by Entergy Louisiana, LLC (\"ELL\" or \"Company\") as modified by a contested settlement agreement." }, { "field": "utility_docket", "value": "LPSC Docket U-37882 (additional generation and transmission for the data center; set for Dec. 16, 2026 commission meeting)", "source": "s7", "quote": "The dispute is unfolding in LPSC Docket U-37882, Entergy's latest request for approval of new generation and transmission resources for Meta's data center in Richland Parish." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "PILOT payment of 20% to 40% of total ad valorem taxes, based on certified new capital investment; state land lease rent of $732,000 annually for 30-year primary term", "source": "s8", "quote": "Depending on the investment that is made in a given period, the PILOT amount will be 20% to 40% of the total ad valorem. ... For the primary term, the rent to LED will be $732,000 annually." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Sales tax rebate on certain data center equipment under Louisiana's Data Center Sales Tax Rebate Act, plus PILOT agreement", "source": "s8", "quote": "Because of the recently passed Data center Sales Tax Rebate Act, sales tax on certain data center equipment will be rebated." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "31 emergency diesel-powered generators", "note": "covered by the facility's state air permit, along with a diesel-powered fire protection system and diesel fuel storage tanks", "source": "s12", "quote": "The permit was for the operation of 31 emergency diesel-powered generators, a diesel-powered fire protection system and storage tanks for the diesel fuel." }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "LDEQ air permit amended to add 44 natural gas water boilers; the amendment was filed Jan. 14 and approved by the state June 6, per an August 2026 report", "note": "Laidley is the permit holder named in the report; the Sierra Club argued in comments to the state that the changes should require a more stringent permit and asked for a public hearing", "source": "s12", "quote": "Laidley amended its permit Jan. 14 to include 44 natural gas water boilers the facility plans to operate 24/7. The state approved the changes June 6." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-12", "event": "Groundbreaking", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025", "event": "Meta buys an additional 1,400 acres (end of 2025)", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-08-20", "event": "LPSC approves Entergy Louisiana's three combined-cycle gas plants (~3,000 MW) and transmission for the data center", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-01-14", "event": "Alliance for Affordable Energy and Union of Concerned Scientists ask the LPSC to investigate Meta's new financing arrangement for Hyperion and review Entergy's prudence", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-02-25", "event": "LPSC declines to investigate Meta's financing arrangement with Blue Owl Capital for the data center", "source": "s9" }, { "date": "2026-04-16", "event": "LPSC votes 4-1 to fast-track Entergy's plan for seven new gas plants for the campus", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-07-13", "event": "Meta announces expansion to 5 GW and more than $50 billion investment", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-08-12", "event": "LPSC votes 3-1 to reject an administrative law judge's recommendation to make Meta job and power-demand information available through subpoenas", "source": "s10" } ], "hearings": [ { "date": "2026-12-16", "body": "Louisiana Public Service Commission", "description": "Scheduled final decision on Entergy Louisiana's proposed new gas plants for the Meta data center", "source": "s11", "quote": "But despite this procedural setback, the Commission's final decision on all these new gas plants is not scheduled to take place until December 16th, 2026." } ], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents report sharply rising rents, traffic and displacement concerns, water quality and utility-rate worries (s3)", "Alliance for Affordable Energy says the fast-track process may expose ratepayers to long-term risk; Rep. Alaina DiLaura questioned whether adequate due diligence is possible (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Deepening our investment in Richland Parish, Louisiana", "publisher": "Meta", "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2026/07/deepening-our-investment-in-richland-parish-louisiana/", "date": "2026-07-13", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Meta expands data center campus in Richland Parish, Louisiana, to 5GW & $50bn", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/meta-expands-data-center-campus-in-richland-parish-louisiana-to-5gw-will-invest-50bn/", "date": "2026-07-13", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Meta's $27 billion AI data center is transforming rural Louisiana", "publisher": "FOX 8 WVUE", "url": "https://www.fox8live.com/2026/05/12/metas-27-billion-ai-data-center-is-transforming-rural-louisiana/", "date": "2026-05-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Entergy Louisiana receives LPSC approval for major infrastructure investments to support Meta's data center and improve reliability", "publisher": "Entergy", "url": "https://www.entergy.com/news/entergy-louisiana-receives-lpsc-approval-for-major-infrastructure-investments-to-support-metas-data-center-and-improve-reliability", "date": "2025-08-20", "type": "utility" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "LPSC approves request by Entergy Louisiana to fast-track gas power plant construction plan for Meta's Richland Parish data center", "publisher": "Louisiana Radio Network", "url": "https://louisianaradionetwork.com/2026/04/16/46165/", "date": "2026-04-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Motion for Investigation of the New Financial Arrangement of Meta Platforms, LLC Associated with the Hyperion Data Center Project in Richland Parish (LPSC Docket No. U-37425)", "publisher": "Alliance for Affordable Energy and Union of Concerned Scientists (Earthjustice)", "url": "https://www.all4energy.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-01-14-U-37425-AAE-UCS-Mtn-for-Investigation.pdf", "type": "other", "date": "2026-01-14" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Entergy eases confidentiality restrictions in Meta power case", "publisher": "American Press", "url": "https://americanpress.com/2026/09/11/entergy-eases-confidentiality-restrictions-in-meta-power-case/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-09-11" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Meta AI center in north Louisiana gets help from the state", "publisher": "Shreveport-Bossier Advocate", "url": "https://www.shreveportbossieradvocate.com/business/a-first-look-at-lease-terms-tax-benefits-for-richland-meta-ai-data-center/article_037b70ea-c6dc-11ef-b454-1331871da095.html", "type": "news", "date": "2024-12-31" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Louisiana Won't Investigate Risky Meta Data Center Financing", "publisher": "Union of Concerned Scientists", "url": "https://www.ucs.org/about/news/louisiana-wont-investigate-risky-meta-data-center-financing", "type": "other", "date": "2026-02-25" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Louisiana PSC kills ruling that would force Meta to turn over key data center information", "publisher": "WWNO", "url": "https://www.wwno.org/politics/2026-08-12/louisiana-psc-kills-ruling-that-would-force-meta-to-turn-over-key-data-center-information", "type": "news", "date": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "Meta hides data center info as it pushes more risks to Entergy's customers", "publisher": "The Lens (republishing the Union of Concerned Scientists)", "url": "https://thelensnola.org/2026/08/18/meta-louisiana-data-center-ratepayer-costs/", "date": "2026-08-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s12", "title": "Meta data center pollution permit doesn't account for all its emissions, Sierra Club says", "publisher": "Louisiana Illuminator", "url": "https://lailluminator.com/2026/08/04/meta-data-center-pollution-permit-doesnt-account-for-all-its-emissions-sierra-club-says/", "date": "2026-08-04", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "homer-city-energy-campus-pa", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/homer-city-energy-campus-pa", "name": "Homer City Energy Campus", "aka": [ "Homer City Redevelopment", "Homer City Generation" ], "city": "Homer City", "county": "Indiana County", "state": "PA", "lat": 40.54, "lng": -79.16, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Gas power plant under construction (1,800+ workers as of Sept. 2026); no data center tenant publicly announced; air permit under appeal at the Environmental Hearing Board.", "developer": "Homer City Redevelopment (with Kiewit Power Constructors)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Homer City Redevelopment is converting the former Homer City coal plant into a 3,200-acre AI data center campus powered by a planned 4.4–4.5 GW natural gas plant with seven GE Vernova 7HA.02 turbines. The project is reported at $10 billion. Pennsylvania DEP issued the air quality plan approval on November 18, 2025; environmental groups and a group of young residents have appealed it. More than 1,800 workers were on site as of September 2026, first power is targeted for early 2028, and no data center tenant has been named.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 3200, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 4400, "unit": "MW", "note": "gas generation capacity; reported as 4.4–4.5 GW", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 10000000000, "source": "s2" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "On-site natural gas plant: seven GE 7HA.02 combined-cycle turbines plus up to ten aeroderivative simple-cycle turbines; gas supply from EQT via Texas Eastern and Eastern Gas Transmission pipelines", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 10000, "note": "over 10,000 direct construction jobs over a five-year build, per developer", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 1000, "note": "about 1,000 permanent direct and indirect jobs, per developer", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First power targeted for early 2028", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "Ten 2.5 MW (3,633 bhp) and two 1.0 MW (1,483 bhp) diesel emergency generator engines, plus one 399 bhp diesel fire water pump engine", "note": "Source IDs 118-127 and 128-129 in the plan approval", "source": "s4", "quote": "3,633 BHP 2.5 MW EMERGENCY GENERATOR ENGINE" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Two Lick Creek, supplied by the Central Indiana County Water Authority", "source": "s8", "quote": "The Central Indiana County Water Authority will supply the plant with water, according to the 552-page application submitted to environmental regulators in April 2025." }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "Proposed NPDES discharge of 6.84 million gallons per day into Blacklick Creek; DEP comment period through Aug. 10, 2026", "source": "s9", "quote": "To operate their new, massive gas-fired power plant, Homer City Redevelopment is proposing to discharge 6.84 million gallons per day into Blacklick Creek, a trout stocking fishery." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-04-02", "event": "Homer City Redevelopment and Kiewit announce the natural gas-powered data center campus", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-07-15", "event": "Agreement in principle announced for EQT to supply up to 665,000 MMBtu/day of gas", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2025-09-17", "event": "DEP holds a public hearing on the draft air quality plan approval 32-00457A", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-11-18", "event": "DEP issues final air quality plan approval 32-00457A", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-12-18", "event": "Clean Air Council, PennFuture and Sierra Club appeal the permit to the Environmental Hearing Board; young residents file a separate appeal", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-03-23", "event": "Environmental Hearing Board denies Homer City Generation's motion to consolidate the two permit appeals", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-09-04", "event": "Developer reports more than 1,800 tradespeople on site", "source": "s6" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Clean Air Council criticized the speed of DEP's permit review; more than 500 public comments raised air quality, water and electricity cost concerns (s5)", "Environmental groups and young residents are appealing the air permit (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Project Overview", "publisher": "Homer City Redevelopment", "url": "https://www.homercityredevelopment.com/project-overview", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Largest US gas-fired power plant planned for data centers in Pennsylvania", "publisher": "Utility Dive", "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/homer-city-gas-fired-power-station-data-center-firstenergy/744332/", "date": "2025-04-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "DEP to Hold Public Meeting/Hearing on a Draft Air Quality Plan Approval for Homer City Generating Station", "publisher": "Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection", "url": "https://www.pa.gov/agencies/dep/newsroom/2025-09-15-dep-to-hold-public-meeting-hearing-on-a-draft-air-quality-plan-approval-for-homer-city-generating-station", "date": "2025-09-15", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Plan Approval 32-00457A, Homer City Generation LP", "publisher": "Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection", "url": "https://files.dep.state.pa.us/RegionalResources/NWRO/NWROPortalFiles/Homer-City/Air/Final-AQ-Plan-Approval/FINAL%20PLAN%20APPROVAL%2032-00457A.pdf", "date": "2025-11-18", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "PA approves air quality permit for massive Homer City gas plant to power data centers", "publisher": "Technical.ly", "url": "https://technical.ly/civics/homer-city-indiana-county-pennsylvania-data-center-permit-approval/", "date": "2025-11-19", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Homer City's coal site now has 1,800 workers as courts weigh the data center plant's permit", "publisher": "Lehigh Daily", "url": "https://lehighdaily.com/homer-citys-coal-site-now-has-1800-workers-as-courts-weigh-the-data-center-plants-permit/", "date": "2026-09-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Homer City Redevelopment Announces Agreement in Principle for EQT Corporation to Supply Nation's Largest Natural Gas-Powered Data Center Campus", "publisher": "Homer City Redevelopment (via Seeking Alpha)", "url": "https://seekingalpha.com/pr/20166892-homer-city-redevelopment-announces-agreement-in-principle-for-eqt-corporation-to-supply", "date": "2025-07-15", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Homer City power plant water usage remains unclear", "publisher": "TribLive", "url": "https://community.triblive.com/news/4050093", "type": "news", "date": "2026-05-11" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Submit Comments on Wastewater Discharge Permit for Homer City's New Power Plant", "publisher": "Mountain Watershed Association", "url": "https://mtwatershed.com/2026/07/30/submit-comments-on-wastewater-discharge-permit-for-homer-citys-new-power-plant/", "type": "other", "date": "2026-07-30" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "DEP posts notice of public hearing", "publisher": "WDAD AM1450 & 100.3FM", "url": "https://www.wdadradio.com/2026/09/20/dep-posts-notice-of-public-hearing/", "date": "2026-09-20", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "project-camellia-effingham-county-ga", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-camellia-effingham-county-ga", "name": "Project Camellia", "aka": [ "OpenAI Effingham County data center" ], "city": "Rincon", "county": "Effingham County", "state": "GA", "lat": 32.296, "lng": -81.2354, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "State DRI review completed; county site plan consideration postponed at developer request while county drafts conditional-use rules", "developer": "OpenAI (Octans GA LLC)", "endUsers": [ "OpenAI" ], "summary": "OpenAI plans a $20 billion, 3.2 GW data center campus in the Savannah Gateway Industrial Hub outside Rincon, with four buildings totaling 4.4 million square feet and power from Georgia Power delivered in phases from 2028 to 2032. The project completed Georgia's Development of Regional Impact review in September 2026, but county site plan consideration was postponed. It has drawn large public opposition over secrecy, power costs and environmental impacts.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 3210, "unit": "MW", "note": "peak electrical load from Georgia Power per DRI report; OpenAI cites 3.2 GW", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1400, "unit": "acres", "note": "per DRI report; earlier reporting described a 2,600-acre campus (s2)", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 4, "source": "s5" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 4400000, "note": "total across four buildings", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 20000000000, "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 400, "note": "full-time at full completion", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 30000, "note": "approximately, per DRI report", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Georgia Power", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "50% property tax abatement for 15 years; $80 million in community benefits", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Power delivered in phases 2028-2032", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Site plan approval requested for three parcels zoned industrial and planned development", "source": "s5", "quote": "Developer Octans GA LLC is requesting site plan approval to construct four buildings totaling 4.4 million square feet across three parcels currently zoned for industrial and planned development." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Effingham County Water Treatment Plant, without line extensions", "source": "s5", "quote": "The campus plans to utilize a closed-loop cooling system to minimize water loss, served by the Effingham County Water Treatment Plant without requiring line extensions." }, { "field": "onsite_generation", "value": "diesel backup only (on-site emergency diesel generators; no regular on-site generation anticipated)", "source": "s5", "quote": "Aside from on-site emergency backup diesel generators, the applicant stated it does not anticipate regular on-site power generation." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "IDA PILOT assesses the OpenAI affiliate at 25% of fair market value instead of the standard 40% for the first 15 years of each project phase", "note": "WTOC describes this as a 37.5% annual reduction, which differs from the 50% abatement figure in the record's existing tax_incentive entry", "source": "s6", "quote": "While standard property taxes in Georgia are calculated based on 40% of a property's fair market value, this special formula assesses the OpenAI affiliate at just 25%. The discount effectively slashes OpenAI's property taxes by 37.5% annually for the first 15 years of each project phase." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Amended PILOT fixes the rate at 32 mills for the 15-year payment period; separate agreement sends $21 million to the county and $9 million to the school district, with up to $90 million over three years for infrastructure and economic development", "note": "approved by the Effingham IDA at an Aug. 31 special called meeting", "source": "s7", "quote": "The amendment replaces that fluctuating rate with a fixed rate of 32 mills for the project's 15-year payment period." }, { "field": "abatement_usd", "value": 900000000, "note": "\"nearly $900 million\" as stated in the complaint filed by One Hundred Miles and residents", "source": "s8", "quote": "According to the lawsuit, it would be the largest data center in the Southeast and comes with nearly $900 million in tax abatements." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025", "event": "OpenAI first contacts Effingham Industrial Development Authority (fall 2025)", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-07-21", "event": "Effingham County Industrial Development Authority signs a memorandum of understanding with OpenAI affiliate Octans GA, LLC", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-07-22", "event": "OpenAI publicly announces Project Camellia", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-07-23", "event": "Nearly 1,000 people attend public open house in Rincon, most opposing", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-07-24", "event": "Development of Regional Impact (DRI) form submitted to state", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-08-04", "event": "Effingham County commissioners approve Ordinance 2026-352 permitting data centers in industrial zones", "source": "s9" }, { "date": "2026-09-02", "event": "Three Effingham County residents sue in Effingham County Superior Court to throw out Ordinance 2026-352, the zoning change that paved the way for the project; the Effingham Herald reports the suit does not ask the court to stop Project Camellia", "source": "s10", "quote": "The complaint, filed Sept. 2 in Effingham County Superior Court, challenges Ordinance 2026-352, which county commissioners gave final approval Aug. 4." }, { "date": "2026-09-16", "event": "Coastal Regional Commission's full DRI report released; county site plan consideration postponed at developer request", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-09-21", "event": "One Hundred Miles and five residents sue the Effingham IDA and Octans GA alleging open-government law violations", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-10-21", "event": "Effingham County commissioners vote unanimously to contract Charles Abbott Associates for Phase 1 plan review, inspection and permitting services; the chairman recuses because he works for Georgia Power", "source": "s11" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "One Hundred Miles, Inc. et al. v. Effingham County Industrial Development Authority and Octans GA", "court": "Effingham County Superior Court", "filed": "2026-09-21", "status": "pending", "summary": "A conservation group and five residents, represented by SELC, allege the IDA violated Georgia's Open Meetings and Open Records Acts in approving the OpenAI affiliate's tax abatement and land deal, and seek to void those agreements.", "source": "s8", "quote": "A conservation group and five Effingham County residents are suing local officials, saying they broke Georgia's open government laws to secretly push through a massive OpenAI data center deal. The lawsuit, filed Monday in Effingham County Superior Court, names the Effingham County Industrial Development Authority and Octans GA, an OpenAI affiliate, as defendants." }, { "name": "Residents’ challenge to Effingham County Ordinance 2026-352", "court": "Effingham County Superior Court", "filed": "2026-09-02", "status": "pending", "summary": "Three residents ask the court to throw out the zoning ordinance and stop the county from using it unless the required zoning procedures are followed; the suit does not ask the court to stop Project Camellia.", "source": "s10", "quote": "The complaint, filed Sept. 2 in Effingham County Superior Court, challenges Ordinance 2026-352, which county commissioners gave final approval Aug. 4." } ], "issues": [ "Residents objected to deal being negotiated without public input; petitions against the project gathered over 10,000 signatures (s3, s4)", "Residents raised concerns about noise, light pollution, traffic, environmental impacts and electricity costs (s3)", "DRI report notes portions of the site in the 100-year floodplain, wetlands, and state-protected Hooded Pitcherplant (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Building AI infrastructure with the Effingham County community", "publisher": "OpenAI", "url": "https://openai.com/index/building-ai-infrastructure-with-the-effingham-county-community/", "date": "2026-07-22", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "$20 billion OpenAI data center to open in Effingham County", "publisher": "The Current", "url": "https://thecurrentga.org/2026/07/22/20-billion-openai-data-center-to-open-in-effingham-county/", "date": "2026-07-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "OpenAI data center project sparks outrage among Effingham County residents", "publisher": "The Current", "url": "https://thecurrentga.org/2026/07/23/openai-data-center-project-sparks-outrage-among-effingham-county-residents/", "date": "2026-07-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "As Effingham County data center plan advances, next step is state evaluation process", "publisher": "The Current", "url": "https://thecurrentga.org/2026/07/25/as-effingham-county-data-center-plan-advances-next-step-is-state-evaluation-process/", "date": "2026-07-25", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "State reveals full DRI report on OpenAI's Effingham County data center project", "publisher": "WTOC", "url": "https://www.wtoc.com/2026/09/16/state-reveals-full-dri-report-openais-data-center-project/", "date": "2026-09-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Records show Effingham County leaders finalized massive tax break for $20B OpenAI data center day before public announcement", "publisher": "WTOC", "url": "https://www.wtoc.com/2026/07/30/records-show-effingham-county-leaders-finalized-massive-tax-break-20b-openai-data-center-day-before-public-announcement/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-07-30" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Effingham Industrial Authority Approves OpenAI Tax Relief, $90M Deal", "publisher": "Effingham Herald", "url": "https://www.effinghamherald.net/data-centers/effingham-industrial-authority-approves-openai-tax-relief-90m-deal-project-camellia-data-center-property-tax/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-08-31" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Georgia group sues over OpenAI data center deal in Effingham County", "publisher": "WTOC", "url": "https://www.wtoc.com/2026/09/21/georgia-group-sues-over-openai-data-center-deal-effingham-county/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-09-21" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Second Lawsuit Targets Effingham IDA Over OpenAI Data Center", "publisher": "Effingham Herald", "url": "https://www.effinghamherald.net/data-centers/second-lawsuit-targets-effingham-ida-over-openai-data-center-one-hundred-miles-southern-environmental-law-center-project-camellia-georgia/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-09" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Effingham County Residents Sue Over Data Center Zoning Change", "publisher": "Effingham Herald", "url": "https://www.effinghamherald.net/data-centers/effingham-county-residents-sue-over-data-center-zoning-change-openai-lawsuit/", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "Oct. 21: County commissioners voted to move forward on data center; contractor hired for phase 1", "publisher": "Savannah Business Journal", "url": "https://www.savannahbusinessjournal.com/news/technology/oct-21-county-commissioners-voted-to-move-forward-on-data-center-contractor-hired-for-phase/article_99e7a89a-a98c-4225-a0d6-460495b56254.html", "type": "news", "date": "2026-10-21" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-10-25" }, { "slug": "project-thunderbird-enid-ok", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-thunderbird-enid-ok", "name": "Project Thunderbird", "aka": [], "city": "Enid", "county": "Garfield County", "state": "OK", "lat": 36.3956, "lng": -97.8784, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "City Commission approved three rezonings for two of four potential campuses on Oct. 27, 2026 (6-1); water agreement with the city not yet reported", "developer": "Plainsmen Holdings, LLC", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Project Thunderbird is a data center and power generation development announced in September 2026 by Plainsmen Holdings LLC, a partnership of four Enid natives, across four campuses in Enid. It includes plans for on-site natural gas power generation of up to 3.3 gigawatts and would cool the data centers with raw water from the Kaw Lake pipeline in a closed-loop system. The developers say it could also provide backup power to Vance Air Force Base; the City Commission approved rezoning for two of the four potential campuses on Oct. 27, 2026. The developers estimate up to $35 billion in capital investment and about 2.75 gigawatts of IT power at full capacity.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 1652, "unit": "acres", "note": "approximately, across four campuses; other outlets report 1,735 acres", "source": "s1", "quote": "The proposed Project Thunderbird development would encompass approximately 1,652 acres across four campuses in Enid and includes plans for an on-site power generation facility of up to 3.3 gigawatts" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1735, "unit": "acres", "note": "figure reported by other outlets; conflicts with 1,652 acres in Enid News & Eagle", "source": "s3", "quote": "said their project, still in its early stages, would take up 1,735 acres of land and it would involve behind-the-meter electricity generation." }, { "field": "onsite_generation_mw", "value": 3300, "unit": "MW", "note": "stated as up to 3.3 gigawatts", "source": "s1", "quote": "The on-site power generation facility would be designed to provide up to 3.3 gigawatts enabled through a partnership with a major natural gas midstream energy provider." }, { "field": "onsite_generation", "value": "On-site natural gas-fueled generation, behind the meter, via partnership with a natural gas midstream energy provider", "source": "s1", "quote": "The on-site power generation facility would be designed to provide up to 3.3 gigawatts enabled through a partnership with a major natural gas midstream energy provider." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Raw water from the Kaw Lake pipeline", "source": "s1", "quote": "If approved, Project Thunderbird plans to use raw water from the new Kaw Lake pipeline for cooling the data centers." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "source": "s1", "quote": "Advanced closed-loop cooling technology will be used to reduce water consumption compared to traditional data center cooling systems." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 35000000000, "note": "developer estimate, 'up to'", "source": "s5", "quote": "Developers estimate Project Thunderbird could represent up to $35 billion in capital investment." }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 4000, "note": "'up to 4,000' during development", "source": "s5", "quote": "Mack said the project could create up to 4,000 construction jobs during development and more than 600 permanent jobs once completed." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 600, "note": "'more than 600' once completed", "source": "s5", "quote": "Mack said the project could create up to 4,000 construction jobs during development and more than 600 permanent jobs once completed." }, { "field": "it_mw", "value": 2750, "unit": "MW", "note": "stated as about 2.75 gigawatts of IT power at full capacity across four campuses, per developer Chad Dillingham", "source": "s5", "quote": "At full capacity, the project would include four campuses with about 2.75 gigawatts of information technology power and 3.3 gigawatts of behind-the-meter power generation, according to Dillingham." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-09-08", "event": "Plainsmen Holdings announces Project Thunderbird", "source": "s2", "quote": "Plainsmen Holding LLC., a partnership consisting of Enid natives Jason Singer, Aaron Singer, Chad Dillingham and Troy Phillips announced on Tuesday plans to develop Project Thunderbird" }, { "date": "2026-09-15", "event": "A large crowd, most of it opposed to Project Thunderbird, fills the Enid City Commission meeting", "source": "s4", "quote": "A large crowd of people — the vast majority against the proposed Project Thunderbird data center and power corridor infrastructure initiative — filled Enid City Commission chambers and the hallway outside the room Tuesday night, Sept. 15, 2026." }, { "date": "2026-10-06", "event": "The City Commission's Oct. 6 hearing on the three rezoning requests is moved to a special meeting at a larger venue, so more of the public can attend", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-10-19", "event": "Enid's Metropolitan Area Planning Commission recommends approval of the related comprehensive plan amendment by a 6-3 vote", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-10-27", "event": "At a special meeting the City Commission approves all three rezoning requests and the plan amendment, 6-1; emergency clauses did not pass. Two areas move from agricultural to heavy industrial and a third partly to industrial, covering two of the four potential campuses", "source": "s7" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Vance Air Force Base and the Department of the Air Force were briefed on the project, but no formal agreements or memorandums of understanding were signed (s3)", "The developers say the project would bring revenue without raising taxes or utility bills for residents (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "UPDATED: Enid natives announce local data center, power generation project", "publisher": "Enid News & Eagle", "url": "https://www.enidnews.com/news/local_news/enid-natives-announce-local-data-center-power-generation-project/article_0465bc43-e183-4d3a-b602-9afd55ff300e.html", "date": "2026-09-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Project Thunderbird to Bring Data Center, Power Corridor to Garfield County", "publisher": "Freedom 96.9", "url": "https://www.freedom969.com/local/project-thunderbird-to-bring-data-center-power-corridor-to-garfield-county", "date": "2026-09-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Massive data center campus unveiled for Enid", "publisher": "Oklahoma Energy Today", "url": "https://okenergytoday.com/2026/09/massive-data-center-campus-unveiled-for-enid/", "date": "2026-09-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Data center opponents outnumber supporters at commission meeting", "publisher": "Enid News & Eagle", "url": "https://www.enidnews.com/news/local_news/data-center-opponents-outnumber-supporters-at-commission-meeting/article_95c64ef8-f44e-4dc9-8b69-178e02b04cc2.html", "date": "2026-09-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Proposed Enid data center project could bring $35 billion investment", "publisher": "News 9", "url": "https://www.news9.com/oklahoma-city-news/enid-oklahoma-proposed-thunderbird-data-center", "date": "2026-09-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Project Thunderbird", "publisher": "City of Enid", "url": "https://www.enid.org/Home/Project-Thunderbird", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Project Thunderbird (rezoning schedule and results)", "publisher": "City of Enid", "url": "https://www.enid.org/Home/Information-Hub/Development/Thunderbird", "date": "2026-10-27", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "City Commission passes Project Thunderbird rezoning requests in special meeting", "publisher": "Freedom 96.9", "url": "https://www.freedom969.com/local/city-commission-passes-project-thunderbird-rezoning-requests-in-special-meeting", "date": "2026-10-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Proposed Project Thunderbird data center in Enid faces rezoning delay after item canceled", "publisher": "KOKH FOX 25", "url": "https://okcfox.com/news/local/proposed-project-thunderbird-data-center-in-enid-faces-rezoning-delay-after-item-canceled-oklahoma-rezone-public-input-discussion-developer-community-property-questions", "date": "2026-10-06", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-05" }, { "slug": "project-tembo-cheyenne-wy", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-tembo-cheyenne-wy", "name": "Project Tembo", "aka": [ "Project Jade", "Crusoe/Tallgrass Cheyenne AI data center" ], "city": "Cheyenne", "county": "Laramie County", "state": "WY", "lat": 41.14, "lng": -104.82, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "County approved the original site plans Jan. 2026. Crusoe left in spring 2026, and Google (Jupiter Star Holdings) resubmitted a smaller site plan in July 2026. Tallgrass's power hub is under construction.", "developer": "Google (Jupiter Star Holdings, LLC)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Project Tembo, first announced as Crusoe and Tallgrass's Project Jade, is a planned AI data center campus in the Switchgrass Industrial Park, 8 miles south of Cheyenne, powered by Tallgrass's 2.7 GW natural gas power hub. Laramie County commissioners unanimously approved the Crusoe site plans on January 6, 2026. Crusoe paused its work and left in spring 2026. A June 30, 2026 county filing identified Google, through Jupiter Star Holdings, as the owner of a scaled-down 716-acre, four-building plan with completion targeted for 2031.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 2700, "unit": "MW", "note": "Tallgrass power hub capacity; scalable to 10 GW; originally announced at 1.8 GW", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 716, "unit": "acres", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 4, "note": "reduced from five in the Crusoe plan", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 3080000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "reduced from 4,025,500 sq ft", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 17000000000, "note": "per Wyoming Public Media; Tallgrass separately investing $7 billion in power plants (s6); other reports cite $50 billion", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Tallgrass BFC Power / Cheyenne Power Hub natural gas plants plus Black Hills Energy resources and fuel cells", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop, air-cooled", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "deep wells beneath the local aquifer", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 2500, "note": "peak; reduced from 5,000", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 250, "source": "s7" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "2031", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Zone change to Switchgrass Industrial Park Planned Unit Development (PUD); Google's reduced site plan revision (PZ-26-00058) processed administratively; separate Class B conditional use permit (PZ-26-00057) for an office complex", "source": "s5", "quote": "It received governing body approvals for a Zone Change to Switchgrass Industrial Park Planned Unit Development (PUD) as well as the Commercial Site Plan, and all of these approvals included a robust public comment period as well as public hearings." }, { "field": "onsite_generation", "value": "Two combined cycle power plants plus temporary and permanent aeroderivative turbines and a fuel cell yard (BFC Power and Cheyenne Power Hub)", "source": "s10", "quote": "The power generation component, designated as the BFC Power and Cheyenne Power Hub Project, would include two combined cycle power plants, along with temporary and permanent aeroderivative turbines intended to provide startup, backup, and base load supplemental generation, according to site plan documents." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-07-24", "event": "Crusoe and Tallgrass announce a 1.8 GW AI data center in southeast Wyoming", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-01-06", "event": "Laramie County commissioners unanimously approve the Project Jade site plans", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-04", "event": "Crusoe pauses development 'at the request of our customer' and leaves the project", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-06-30", "event": "Site-plan amendment filing with the county identifies Google as the owner", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-07-08", "event": "County memo on the site plan resubmittal and conditional use permit for Project Tembo", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-08-13", "event": "County Planning Commission holds a hearing on the office complex conditional use permit", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-09-09", "event": "Google holds a community open house in Cheyenne", "source": "s9" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about water depletion, aquifer and PFAS contamination, wildlife migration, noise, light and traffic (s2)", "Google pledged to replenish 120% of the freshwater it consumes across its operations by 2030 (s7)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Crusoe and Tallgrass Announce AI Data Center in Wyoming", "publisher": "Tallgrass", "url": "https://tallgrass.com/newsroom/press-releases/Crusoe", "date": "2025-07-24", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Laramie County approves construction of what could become the largest data center in US", "publisher": "WyoFile", "url": "https://wyofile.com/laramie-county-approves-construction-of-what-could-become-the-largest-data-center-in-us/", "date": "2026-01-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Huge Cheyenne Data Center Grows To 2.7 Gigawatts — Nearly Triple State Power Use", "publisher": "Cowboy State Daily", "url": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2026/01/08/huge-cheyenne-data-center-grows-to-2-7-gigawatts-nearly-triple-state-power-use/", "date": "2026-01-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Say Hello To Google, The Mystery Owner Behind Wyoming's Largest Data Center Project", "publisher": "Cowboy State Daily", "url": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2026/07/08/google-revealed-as-owner-of-wyomings-largest-data-center-now-project-tembo/", "date": "2026-07-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Commercial Site Plan Re-Submittal and Conditional Use Permit for Project Tembo Data Center", "publisher": "Laramie County", "url": "https://www.laramiecountywy.gov/files/sharedassets/public/v/1/county/public-notice/project-tembo-memo-07082026.pdf", "date": "2026-07-08", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Crusoe pulls out of Project Jade data center", "publisher": "Wyoming Tribune Eagle", "url": "https://www.wyomingnews.com/news/local_news/crusoe-pulls-out-of-project-jade-data-center/article_b9a8bde9-21c0-4e8a-9051-9154b91bf0eb.html", "date": "2026-06-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Google promises to replenish local watershed at open house in Cheyenne", "publisher": "Wyoming Public Media", "url": "https://www.wyomingpublicmedia.org/natural-resources-energy/2026-09-17/google-promises-to-replenish-local-watershed-at-open-house-in-cheyenne", "date": "2026-09-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Google is customer behind 2.7GW data center campus near Cheyenne, Wyoming", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-is-customer-behind-27gw-data-center-campus-near-cheyenne-wyoming/", "date": "2026-07-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Google outlines $17B Project Tembo data center campus in Laramie County", "publisher": "Gillette News Record", "url": "https://www.gillettenewsrecord.com/news/wyoming/article_1f4d07d7-113a-410b-bcb7-8daaeccdac2e.html", "date": "2026-09-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Wyoming data center power projects highlight new entrants, partnerships in power generation market", "publisher": "Power Engineering", "url": "https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/wyoming-data-center-power-projects-highlight-new-entrants-partnerships-in-power-generation-market/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-05-28" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "project-kilby-reeves-county-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-kilby-reeves-county-tx", "name": "Project Kilby", "aka": [ "Kilby Power Plant", "Microsoft Pecos campus" ], "city": "Pecos", "county": "Reeves County", "state": "TX", "lat": 31.4229, "lng": -103.4932, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Proposed: Shale Magazine says Chevron's announcement targeted a final investment decision by the end of 2026, subject to conditions, and the Texas air permit applications were under review as of TCEQ's June 10, 2026 notice. We have not found a record of either being decided", "developer": "Chevron (Energy Forge One LLC) and Joulent LLC", "endUsers": [ "Microsoft" ], "summary": "Project Kilby is a proposed natural gas power plant of about 2.67 GW near Pecos, in Reeves County, West Texas, meant to supply a Microsoft-operated data center campus directly. Chevron, through its subsidiary Energy Forge One LLC, and Microsoft announced a 20-year power purchase agreement on June 22, 2026. The plant would be built in phases and, according to E&E News, would not at first be connected to the grid, with first power targeted for 2028 (per Shale Magazine and w.media). Energy Forge One LLC has applied to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality for air permits, and Shale Magazine says Chevron's announcement targeted a final investment decision by the end of 2026, subject to remaining conditions. Bloomberg reported on July 1, 2026 that National Grid is investing $1.75 billion for a 35% stake in Joulent LLC, which Bloomberg says is developing a gas-fired power plant with Chevron for Microsoft in Texas. Morgan Lewis and w.media name that plant as Project Kilby and describe the Chevron–Joulent arrangement as a 50/50 venture. Reported capacity differs by source: 2.67 GW per Chevron's announcement, 2.869 GW per the Environmental Integrity Project (via Shale Magazine), and 2.5 GW initially (up to 5 GW) in Bloomberg Línea's March 2026 report.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 2670, "unit": "MW", "note": "generating capacity of the planned power plant, built in phases; not a measure of the campus's electricity use or server capacity. The Environmental Integrity Project lists 2,869 MW for the plant, per Shale Magazine; Bloomberg Línea reported 2,500 MW initially, expandable to 5,000 MW, in March 2026, before the agreement", "source": "s8", "quote": "approximately 2.67 gigawatts of planned generating capacity, developed in phases" }, { "field": "onsite_generation_mw", "value": 2670, "unit": "MW", "note": "behind-the-meter gas generation, with most of the equipment from GE Vernova and additional units from Caterpillar's Solar Turbines, per Shale Magazine", "source": "s8", "quote": "GE Vernova equipment would provide most of the generation" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Co-located natural gas plant operating behind the meter, with the companies saying a grid connection could come later", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "TCEQ Air Quality Permit No. 181895, PSD permit PSDTX1684 and GHG PSD permit GHGPSDTX260 (Energy Forge One LLC; applications under review as of the June 10, 2026 public meeting notice)", "source": "s1", "quote": "has applied to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) for an Air Quality Permit No. 181895" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 7000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "Bloomberg Línea's March 2026 estimate for the power plant, reported before a definitive agreement; neither company has published a cost", "source": "s6", "quote": "cueste unos US$7.000 millones y genere inicialmente 2.500 megavatios de electricidad" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": "over 6,000", "note": "Microsoft's expectation for the campus build-out, as relayed in a law firm's note on the deal", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First power targeted for 2028, per Shale Magazine and w.media", "source": "s8" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-03-31", "event": "Bloomberg Línea reports Microsoft is in exclusive talks with Chevron and Engine No. 1 over a power plant near Pecos priced at about $7 billion", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-04-01", "event": "Chevron, Microsoft and Engine No. 1 confirm exclusive talks on gas-fired power for a West Texas campus, saying no definitive agreement exists yet", "source": "s7", "quote": "No commercial terms have been finalized, and there is no definitive agreement at this time." }, { "date": "2026-06-10", "event": "TCEQ posts a public meeting notice for Energy Forge One LLC's air permit applications for the Kilby Power Plant", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-06-22", "event": "Chevron and Microsoft announce a 20-year agreement under which Chevron plans to build about 2.67 GW of gas-fired generation at the Project Kilby site in Reeves County", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-07-01", "event": "Bloomberg reports that National Grid will invest $1.75 billion for a 35% stake in Joulent LLC, and that Joulent is developing a gas-fired power plant with Chevron for Microsoft in Texas. Morgan Lewis (National Grid's law firm) and w.media identify the plant as Project Kilby", "source": "s10" }, { "date": "2026-07-31", "event": "Chevron's second-quarter earnings release lists the signed agreement for about 2.67 GW of behind-the-meter power in West Texas", "source": "s9" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Coverage notes the deal complicates Microsoft's stance on fossil fuels and focuses on 20 years of turbine emissions (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "2026-06-10 - Energy Forge One LLC - 181895, PSDTX1684, and GHGPSDTX260 - Public Meeting", "publisher": "Texas Commission on Environmental Quality", "url": "https://www.tceq.texas.gov/downloads/agency/decisions/hearings/notices/2026/2026-06-10-energy-forge-one-llc-psdtx1684-ghgpsdtx260-pm.pdf/view", "date": "2026-06-10", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Microsoft turns to Chevron's gas to power a Texas data centre (The Register)", "publisher": "The Register", "url": "https://www.theregister.com/a/5259764", "date": "2026-06-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Chevron inks deal to power Microsoft data center in Texas", "publisher": "E&E News by POLITICO", "url": "https://www.eenews.net/articles/chevron-inks-deal-to-power-microsoft-data-center-in-texas/", "date": "2026-06-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Chevron strikes deal with Microsoft to power AI for 20 years", "publisher": "Journal of Petroleum Technology", "url": "https://jpt.spe.org/chevron-strikes-deal-with-microsoft-to-power-ai-for-20-years", "date": "2026-06-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Microsoft Expands Global Data Center Capacity with 2 GW Data Center and Co-Located Power Facility in West Texas", "publisher": "Orrick", "url": "https://www.orrick.com/en/News/2026/07/Microsoft-Expands-Global-Data-Center-Capacity-with-2-GW-Data-Center-and-Co-Located-Power-Facility", "date": "2026-07-02", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Microsoft negocia con Chevron y Engine No. 1 sobre planta eléctrica de US$7.000 millones", "publisher": "Bloomberg Línea", "url": "https://www.bloomberglinea.com/negocios/microsoft-negocia-con-chevron-y-engine-no-1-sobre-planta-electrica-de-us7000-millones/", "date": "2026-03-31", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Microsoft, Chevron exclusivity powering West Texas data center complex", "publisher": "Fortune", "url": "https://fortune.com/2026/04/01/microsoft-chevron-exclusivity-powering-west-texas-data-center-complex", "date": "2026-04-01", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Chevron–Microsoft Power Deal: Project Kilby Explained", "publisher": "Shale Magazine", "url": "https://shalemag.com/data-center-natural-gas-power-project/", "date": "2026-06-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Chevron reports second quarter 2026 results (Form 8-K, Exhibit 99.1)", "publisher": "Chevron / SEC", "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0000093410/000009341026000162/a06302026ex9918-k.htm", "date": "2026-07-31", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "UK's National Grid Invests $1.8 Billion in US AI Power Firm", "publisher": "Bloomberg (Eamon Farhat and Naureen S. Malik)", "url": "https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-07-01/uk-s-national-grid-invests-1-75-billion-in-us-ai-power-company", "date": "2026-07-01", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "National Grid Ventures to invest US$ 1.75 Billion for 35 percent stake in Joulent", "publisher": "w.media", "url": "https://w.media/national-grid-ventures-to-invest-us-1-75-billion-for-35-percent-stake-in-joulent/", "date": "2026-07-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s12", "title": "Morgan Lewis Advises National Grid on $1.75B Investment to Support AI and Data Center Growth", "publisher": "Morgan Lewis", "url": "https://www.morganlewis.com/news/2026/07/morgan-lewis-advises-national-grid-on-1-75b-investment-to-support-ai-and-data-center-growth", "date": "2026-07-01", "type": "other" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-10-15" }, { "slug": "project-jupiter-dona-ana-county-nm", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-jupiter-dona-ana-county-nm", "name": "Project Jupiter", "aka": [ "Stargate New Mexico" ], "city": "Santa Teresa", "county": "Doña Ana County", "state": "NM", "lat": 31.86, "lng": -106.68, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "NM Supreme Court denied emergency petitions on air and water permits Sept 17, 2026; air-permit proceeding resumes", "developer": "STACK Infrastructure with BorderPlex Digital Assets", "endUsers": [ "Oracle", "OpenAI" ], "summary": "Project Jupiter is a data center campus in Santa Teresa, anchored by Oracle and named a Stargate site with OpenAI. Doña Ana County approved up to $165 billion in industrial revenue bonds for it in September 2025. It is under construction and is to run on an on-site microgrid of natural-gas fuel cells. Permits for its air emissions and a water well have been challenged by environmental groups and backed by the state Attorney General; the NM Supreme Court denied those petitions in September 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 165000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "IRB authorization up to $165B over 30 years; minimum initial investment $50B", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1400, "unit": "acres", "note": "site size per Searchlight NM; county lists Phase 1 as 400 acres plus microgrid", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 2460, "unit": "MW", "note": "on-site generation capacity (2,275 methane-fueled fuel cells), per NM Department of Justice", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 750, "unit": "jobs", "note": "minimum 750 full-time plus 50 part-time", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 2500, "unit": "jobs", "note": "county estimate for 2025-2028; Oracle projects 7,000+", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "on-site microgrid with Bloom Energy fuel cells (replacing an earlier gas-turbine plan)", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Oracle says no potable water for cooling; a well drilled for the project has pumped about 103 million gallons since April 2026", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Industrial revenue bonds, Series 2025A/B/C", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Initial operations Q4 2026; Phase 1 complete Q3 2028 (county schedule)", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Doña Ana County Commission passed the ordinance authorizing the $165 billion industrial revenue bond 4-1 on Friday, Sept. 19, 2025", "source": "s8", "quote": "As soon as the ordinance authorizing the bond passed on a 4-1 vote, the room erupted in anger that had been brewing for seven hours." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "$360 million to the county in lieu of taxes over 30 years, plus $50 million toward water and wastewater upgrades and $6.9 million more for other community projects", "source": "s8", "quote": "The developers have agreed to pay $360 million to the county over 30 years in lieu of taxes; an additional $50 million to fund water and wastewater upgrades and $6.9 million for other community projects." }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 20000, "unit": "gal/day", "note": "projected average domestic water use for the office campus only; excludes the one-time fill of the closed-loop cooling system", "source": "s8", "quote": "For the office campus, developers projected domestic water use averaging 20,000 gallons daily." }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "NMED air quality permit application by Yucca Growth Infrastructure for a fuel cell power system; public hearing scheduled to begin Oct. 19, 2026; NMED decision due by Nov. 23 (as scheduled in July 2026)", "source": "s9", "quote": "The hearing will begin at 9 a.m. on Oct. 19 at the Sunland Park Multi-Generational Center and will 'continue as necessary,' according to a notice posted on the state Environment Department's website Thursday." }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "Office of the State Engineer approved, within two days, Santa Teresa Capital, LLC's application to convert an existing agricultural well into a construction water supply, without notice and hearing, under the Water Code emergency exception (NMSA 1978, § 72-12-22)", "source": "s5", "quote": "Santa Teresa Capital, LLC to repurpose an existing agricultural well, without the notice and hearing New Mexico law requires, to supply construction water for Project Jupiter." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-02", "event": "New Mexico's governor and BorderPlex Digital Assets announce a memorandum of understanding for the Santa Teresa campus.", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2025-09", "event": "Doña Ana County Commission approves industrial revenue bonds", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-09-23", "event": "OpenAI and Oracle name Doña Ana County a Stargate site", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-04-14", "event": "County Commission orders review of developer statements, including on closed-loop cooling and water", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-07-28", "event": "Oracle says Bloom fuel cells will power campus; ~700 New Mexicans working onsite", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-08-23", "event": "NM Supreme Court stays air-permit proceeding and well drilling", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-09-03", "event": "Attorney General Raúl Torrez files responses backing emergency petitions", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-09-17", "event": "NM Supreme Court denies petitions and lifts stay", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-09-24", "event": "Oracle sends developer Blue Owl Capital a force-majeure notice after a natural-gas pipeline meant to supply the project's power is delayed to February 2027 following New Mexico State Land Office permit denials; both companies say it does not change their commitment to the project", "source": "s10" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The NM Attorney General says state agencies bypassed required notice and hearing procedures for the air and water permits (s5)", "Groundwater use in the drought-stressed Lower Rio Grande Basin (s5)", "County questioned whether cooling would work as originally presented (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "OpenAI, Oracle, and SoftBank expand Stargate with five new AI data center sites", "publisher": "OpenAI", "url": "https://openai.com/index/five-new-stargate-sites/", "date": "2025-09-23", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Economic Development Projects", "publisher": "Doña Ana County", "url": "https://www.donaana.gov/about_us/economic_development_projects.php", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "County Commissioners Adopt Resolution on Project Jupiter Communications", "publisher": "Doña Ana County", "url": "https://www.donaana.gov/news_detail_T7_R102.php", "date": "2026-04-14", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Project Jupiter Will Bring More Than $4.7 Billion to New Mexico and Hundreds of Jobs for State Residents", "publisher": "Oracle", "url": "https://www.oracle.com/news/announcement/project-jupiter-2026-07-28/", "date": "2026-07-28", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Attorney General Raúl Torrez Files Responses Backing Emergency Petitions Challenging Project Jupiter Permitting Decisions", "publisher": "New Mexico Department of Justice", "url": "https://nmdoj.gov/press-release/attorney-general-raul-torrez-files-responses-backing-emergency-petitions-challenging-project-jupiter-permitting-decisions/", "date": "2026-09-03", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "New Mexico Supreme Court denies petitions regarding Project Jupiter air quality permit, water use", "publisher": "KVIA", "url": "https://kvia.com/news/2026/09/17/new-mexico-supreme-court-denies-petitions-regarding-project-jupiter-air-quality-permit-water-use/", "date": "2026-09-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "New Mexico Supreme Court allows Project Jupiter permit proceedings to advance", "publisher": "Searchlight New Mexico", "url": "https://searchlightnm.org/new-mexico-supreme-court-allows-project-jupiter-permit-proceedings-to-advance/", "date": "2026-09-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Doña Ana County approves historic $165B bond for data center", "publisher": "Albuquerque Journal", "url": "https://www.abqjournal.com/business/doa-ana-county-approves-historic-165b-bond-for-data-center/680373", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "NM Environment Department schedules October hearing for Project Jupiter air quality permit", "publisher": "Source New Mexico", "url": "https://sourcenm.com/2026/07/16/nm-environment-department-schedules-october-hearing-for-project-jupiter-air-quality-permit/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-07-16" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Oracle issues force majeure notice to developer of New Mexico data center over energy delays", "publisher": "SiliconANGLE", "url": "https://siliconangle.com/2026/09/24/oracle-issues-force-majeure-notice-to-developer-of-new-mexico-data-center-over-energy-delays/", "date": "2026-09-24", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-25" }, { "slug": "quantum-frederick-md", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/quantum-frederick-md", "name": "Quantum Frederick", "aka": [ "Quantum Loophole", "Frederick Digital Campus" ], "city": "Adamstown", "county": "Frederick County", "state": "MD", "lat": 39.33, "lng": -77.46, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Aligned's first building has been under construction since Feb. 2025; the county executive rejected the developer's DRRA on Sept. 14, 2026 and extended the pause on new data center approvals to July 1, 2027.", "developer": "TPG Real Estate Partners / Catellus Development Corporation (Quantum Maryland, LLC)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Quantum Frederick is a 2,100-acre hyperscale data center campus on the former Alcoa Eastalco Works site near Adamstown and Buckeystown. County economic development officials say it is planned for about 17.4 million sq ft and 2.4 GW. Original developer Quantum Loophole was removed as manager after a 2024 lawsuit, and TPG Real Estate Partners and Catellus took over. Aligned broke ground on a 72 MW building in February 2025. In September 2026, County Executive Jessica Fitzwater rejected a proposed development agreement that offered $110 million in community benefits in exchange for zoning protections.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 2100, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 2400, "unit": "MW", "note": "about 2.4 GW planned, per Frederick County economic development", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 17400000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "approximately, at full build-out", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 72, "unit": "MW", "note": "Aligned IAD-04 first building; Aligned's campus planned at 264 MW across 4 buildings on 75 acres", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 5000000000, "note": "project value cited by Data Center Frontier", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 1300000, "unit": "gal", "note": "WYPR: 'approved peak-flow water: 1.3 million gallons'; daily basis not explicit; switching planned from potable to effluent water for cooling", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Proposed $110 million community benefits package in exchange for 8 years of zoning protection; rejected Sept. 2026", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "Aligned Data Centers: 168 diesel emergency generators rated 3,000 kW each with SCR, plus four 1,000 kW generators", "source": "s11", "quote": "One-hundred and sixty-eight (168) emergency generators, each equipped with a diesel fired engine rated at 3,000-kilowatts, and each controlled by a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system" }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "MDE permit-to-construct for Aligned's emergency generators issued effective Jan. 30, 2025", "source": "s11", "quote": "The Department has made a final determination to issue the permit-to-construct, effective January 30, 2025." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Aligned data center facility: 5601 Manor Woods Road, Frederick, MD 21703", "source": "s11", "quote": "The data center facility will be located at 5601 Manor Woods Road in Frederick, Maryland 21703 in Frederick County." }, { "field": "utility_docket", "value": "Maryland PSC Order No. 90830 (Mail Log No. 302893): Aligned's CPCN exemption request for backup generators; provisional authorization limited to 70 MW", "source": "s12", "quote": "Subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Commission grants provisional authorization for Aligned to install diesel engine-generating capacity—not exceeding 70 MW—as emergency backup generation for its data center in Frederick, Maryland." }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "MDE Water Appropriation and Use Permits issued to Quantum Maryland: FR2023G001(03), FR2024S001(01) and FR2025G001(01)", "source": "s13", "quote": "Quantum Maryland Permit Water Appropriation and Use Permit FR2025G001(01)" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-06-28", "event": "Maryland Commerce announces Quantum Loophole's plan for a 2,100-acre data center campus at the former Eastalco site", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2023-10-10", "event": "Maryland PSC grants Aligned provisional authorization for up to 70 MW of diesel backup generation, denying exemption for the full build-out", "source": "s12" }, { "date": "2024-06-18", "event": "Maryland Department of the Environment rescinds a $130,000 settlement offer over fiber-ring construction violations and refers the matter to the Attorney General", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2024-09", "event": "TPG sues Quantum Loophole; settlement in Dec. 2024 removes Quantum Loophole as manager, and TPG/Catellus take over", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-01-30", "event": "MDE issues permit-to-construct for Aligned's emergency generators", "source": "s11" }, { "date": "2025-02-05", "event": "Aligned breaks ground on a 72 MW data center within the campus", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-06-30", "event": "Maryland Supreme Court rules that a citizen referendum on the county's expanded data center zoning must stay off the ballot", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-07-01", "event": "County Executive signs order pausing new data center permits and approvals through the end of 2026", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-09-01", "event": "County receives first draft of the community benefits agreement / DRRA", "source": "s9" }, { "date": "2026-09-14", "event": "County Executive rejects the Frederick Digital Campus DRRA and extends the data center pause through July 1, 2027", "source": "s9" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents submitted hundreds of comments opposing the proposed development agreement as too restrictive on the county (s5)", "MDE documented bore mud discharges and wetland impacts from fiber-ring drilling between Aug. 2022 and Oct. 2023 (s7)", "More than 20,000 residents signed a petition to put the county's expanded data center zoning to a referendum; the Maryland Supreme Court kept it off the ballot (s8)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Quantum Loophole plans to develop data center campus in Maryland", "publisher": "Maryland Department of Commerce", "url": "https://business.maryland.gov/news/quantum-loophole-plans-develop-data-center-campus-maryland/", "date": "2021-06-28", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Data Centers", "publisher": "Frederick County Economic Development", "url": "https://www.discoverfrederickmd.com/171/Data-Centers", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Circling Back: What Now for Quantum Loophole and the Quantum Frederick Data Center Campus?", "publisher": "Data Center Frontier", "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/hyperscale/article/55261511/circling-back-what-now-for-quantum-loophole-and-the-quantum-frederick-data-center-campus", "date": "2025-02-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Aligned breaks ground on 72MW Maryland data center in Quantum Frederick Park", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aligned-breaks-ground-on-72mw-maryland-data-center-in-quantum-frederick-park/", "date": "2025-02-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Frederick County elections could hinge on one issue - data centers", "publisher": "WYPR", "url": "https://www.wypr.org/wypr-news/2026-09-10/frederick-county-elections-could-hinge-on-one-issue-data-centers", "date": "2026-09-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Frederick County rejects agreement with data center developer amidst public outcry", "publisher": "WYPR", "url": "https://www.wypr.org/wypr-news/2026-09-15/frederick-county-rejects-agreement-with-data-center-developer-amidst-public-outcry", "date": "2026-09-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Maryland Environment Dept. Rescinds Quantum Loophole Settlement", "publisher": "Inside Towers", "url": "https://insidetowers.com/maryland-environment-dept-rescinds-quantum-loophole-settlement/", "date": "2024-07-19", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Counties scramble to respond to data centers, setting moratoriums, a ban", "publisher": "Maryland Matters", "url": "https://marylandmatters.org/2026/08/10/counties-scramble-to-respond-to-data-centers-setting-moratoriums-a-ban/", "date": "2026-08-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Data Centers", "publisher": "Frederick County Government", "url": "https://frederickcountymd.gov/9310/Data-Centers", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "SUN: Frederick data center deal promises $110M. What does the developer get?", "publisher": "Fox45 Baltimore / Baltimore Sun", "url": "https://foxbaltimore.com/news/local/sun-frederick-data-center-deal-promises-110m-what-does-the-developer-get", "date": "2026-09-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "Final Determination and Response to Comments, Aligned Data Centers (MD) Propco, LLC", "publisher": "Maryland Department of the Environment", "url": "https://mde.maryland.gov/programs/land/MarylandBrownfieldVCP/Documents/FinalDetermination-Aligned.pdf", "type": "government", "date": "2025-01-30" }, { "id": "s12", "title": "Order No. 90830, Aligned Data Centers (MD) Propco, LLC Request for a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity Exemption", "publisher": "Maryland Public Service Commission", "url": "https://psc.maryland.gov/wp-content/uploads/Order-No.-90830-Provisional-Order-on-Rehearing-ML-302893.pdf", "type": "government", "date": "2023-10-10" }, { "id": "s13", "title": "Frederick Data Center Sampling/Reports", "publisher": "Maryland Department of the Environment", "url": "https://mde.maryland.gov/datacenters/Pages/FrederickDataCenter.aspx", "type": "government" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "meta-maysville-mason-county-ky", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/meta-maysville-mason-county-ky", "name": "Meta Maysville campus", "aka": [ "Chrisham LLC", "Mason County hyperscale data center" ], "city": "Maysville", "county": "Mason County", "state": "KY", "lat": 38.6412, "lng": -83.744, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Rezoning finalized May 2026 and Mason County Fiscal Court approved the Meta agreements Oct 13, 2026; construction not started and a residents' lawsuit over the zoning is pending", "developer": "Meta", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Meta is the company behind a large data center campus planned on farmland near Maysville in Mason County, Kentucky. The county rezoned about 2,080 acres in May 2026, and on October 13, 2026 the Fiscal Court unanimously approved a bond, a development agreement and road work with a Meta subsidiary; the county's attorney put the initial investment near $15 billion, while another outlet reported $10 billion. Opponents, including the group We Are Mason County, KY, have sued over the zoning, and Meta calls the approvals a first step.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 15000000000, "note": "initial investment as stated by the county's attorney at the Oct 13, 2026 meeting; Maysville Online reported a $10 billion initial capital investment with more possible in later phases (s4); a 40-year total of up to $800 billion is disputed, see issues", "source": "s2", "quote": "could see up to $800 billion invested" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 2080, "note": "28 properties rezoned to I-3 Rural Industrial, per the city's zoning page; press describes more than 2,000 acres zoned, and WVXU reports a Meta subsidiary buying roughly 2,900 acres; the application cites a net site area of about 1,975 acres", "source": "s6", "quote": "28 properties consisting of approximately 2,080 acres" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 2900, "note": "land the Meta subsidiary Chrisham LLC is buying, per WVXU", "source": "s1", "quote": "roughly 2,900 acres of land for the data center" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 6, "note": "proposed in the March 2026 zoning application, each with its own client load substation", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 2200, "unit": "MW", "note": "WVXU describes a 2.2 gigawatt data center; no other source opened states capacity", "source": "s1", "quote": "2.2 gigawatt data center" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 400, "note": "guaranteed minimum per the county; Meta says more than 300 permanent jobs (s3)", "source": "s2", "quote": "a guaranteed minimum of 400 permanent jobs" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 4000, "note": "Meta's figure for peak construction (s3, s4); the county judge cited 2,000 construction and trades jobs (s1, s2)", "source": "s4", "quote": "over 4,000 construction and skilled trade jobs at peak construction" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Grid power under East Kentucky Power Cooperative's large-load rate structure; Meta says it will pay for upgrades and the electricity", "source": "s3", "quote": "large-load customers like data centers" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "note": "Meta says the system is filled once and refreshed every seven to 10 years", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "County buys the land and leases it to Meta through an industrial revenue bond, so Meta pays no property tax and instead makes payments in lieu of taxes", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Initial phase construction expected to begin within three years of the agreement; the March 2026 application targeted a summer 2027 start", "source": "s2" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-03-23", "event": "Local press reports that a zoning map amendment application for a hyperscale data center has been submitted, seeking to change about 2,080 acres from agricultural to industrial use", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-04-22", "event": "Joint planning commission approves the development plan with a condition and the rezoning findings of fact", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-05-22", "event": "Fiscal Court gives second reading and final approval to rezoning 28 properties for the data center; the developer was not yet named", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-10-13", "event": "Mason County Fiscal Court unanimously approves an industrial revenue bond, a development agreement and road improvements, and the county judge-executive names Meta as the company behind the project", "source": "s2" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "We Are Mason County, KY sued the county and planning commission, arguing the zoning plan does not address where or how many data centers can be built (s7); WCPO reports a further suit has since been filed (s8)", "The $800 billion figure tied to the bond was called misleading by the county's attorney, who said it is not county debt because Meta bears the costs under a lease-back structure (s1)", "Dozens of residents, including people in a mobile home park, are expected to have to move, and neighbors say $50,000 buyouts were offered (s8)", "A historic cemetery on the site must be relocated (s1)", "Meta's agreed community payments include about $115 million for water, wastewater and roads and $15 million for public safety (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Meta to build data center outside Maysville, Kentucky", "publisher": "WVXU", "url": "https://www.wvxu.org/local-news/2026-10-15/meta-facebook-data-center-maysville-mason-county-kentucky", "date": "2026-10-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Mason County approves hyperscale data center in deal with Meta", "publisher": "WKYT", "url": "https://www.wkyt.com/2026/10/14/mason-county-approves-hyperscale-data-center-deal-with-meta/", "date": "2026-10-13", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Meta is behind Mason County data center project. What did officials agree to?", "publisher": "WEKU", "url": "https://www.weku.org/the-commonwealth/2026-10-15/meta-is-behind-mason-county-data-center-project-what-did-officials-agree-to", "date": "2026-10-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Meta announced as data center project developer in Mason County", "publisher": "Maysville Online", "url": "https://www.maysville-online.com/news/327718/meta-announced-as-data-center-project-developer-in-mason-county", "date": "2026-10-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Hyperscale data center zoning map amendment application submitted", "publisher": "Maysville Online", "url": "https://www.maysville-online.com/news/214311/hyperscale-data-center-zoning-map-amendment-application-submitted", "date": "2026-03-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Data Center Zoning Public Information Page", "publisher": "City of Maysville", "url": "https://www.cityofmaysvilleky.gov/departments/codes_department/data_center.php", "date": "2026-10-16", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Mason County gives final approval on rezoning properties for data center construction", "publisher": "WEKU", "url": "https://www.weku.org/the-commonwealth/2026-05-26/mason-county-gives-final-approval-on-rezoning-properties-for-data-center-construction", "date": "2026-05-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Meta announced as partner in 2,000-acre controversial Maysville data center", "publisher": "WCPO", "url": "https://www.wcpo.com/news/northern-kentucky/meta-announced-as-partner-in-2-000-acre-controversial-maysville-data-center", "date": "2026-10-14", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-10-16" }, { "slug": "project-tamarack-west-columbia-wv", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-tamarack-west-columbia-wv", "name": "Project Tamarack", "aka": [], "city": "West Columbia", "county": "Mason County", "state": "WV", "lat": 38.9831, "lng": -82.0636, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Certified by the West Virginia Department of Commerce as a high-impact data center; announced September 3, 2026", "developer": "Starwood Digital Ventures (Starwood Capital Group)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Starwood Digital Ventures plans a $12 billion data center complex, dubbed Project Tamarack, in West Columbia, Mason County, which Gov. Patrick Morrisey said will require 2.16 gigawatts of power from the existing grid. The project received state high-impact data center certification, announced September 3, 2026, and will use a closed-loop cooling system and existing Appalachian Power/AEP infrastructure at the property. Some residents say they were surprised the state approved the project without local notice, as state law limits local control over certified data centers.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 12000000000, "note": "company plan announced by the governor", "source": "s1", "quote": "Gov. Patrick Morrisey announced Thursday that Starwood Digital Ventures has plans for a $12 billion data center." }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 2160, "unit": "MW", "note": "power requirement as stated by Gov. Morrisey (2.16 gigawatts); WVPB reported 'two gigawatts'", "source": "s5", "quote": "In West Virginia, Morrisey said the Starwood project (dubbed \"Project Tamarack\") will require 2.16 gigawatts of power to operate, which it will receive from the existing grid." }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Existing grid via existing Appalachian Power/AEP infrastructure at the property", "source": "s1", "quote": "Project Tamarack will use the existing Appalachian Power/AEP infrastructure at the property." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Appalachian Power (AEP)", "source": "s1", "quote": "Project Tamarack will use the existing Appalachian Power/AEP infrastructure at the property." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "source": "s2", "quote": "Tamarack will boast a closed-loop cooling system to minimize water use and addressed another of the public's concerns over data center development in the state." }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1000, "note": "more than 1,000 during construction", "source": "s3", "quote": "The project is expected to create more than 1,000 jobs during construction and 300 permanent jobs once completed." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 300, "source": "s3", "quote": "The project is expected to create more than 1,000 jobs during construction and 300 permanent jobs once completed." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-09-03", "event": "Gov. Morrisey announces at the West Virginia Chamber of Commerce business summit that Starwood Digital Ventures received high-impact data center certification for Project Tamarack", "source": "s2", "quote": "Starwood Digital Ventures has received a high impact data center certification from the state." }, { "date": "2026-09-03", "event": "Project Tamarack says it is forming a Community Advisory Group of Mason County residents and leaders", "source": "s3", "quote": "Project Tamarack said Thursday, it is forming a Community Advisory Group made up of Mason County residents and leaders to provide ongoing input throughout construction and operations." }, { "date": "2026-09-03", "event": "Governor announces a $12 billion Starwood Digital Ventures data center in Mason County.", "source": "s1" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Mason County United said residents were not told of the plan before the state approved the certification (s4)", "Under HB 2014, localities cannot enforce or create ordinances affecting certified data center developments; a county commissioner said local government has limited control (s4, s5)", "Residents cite environmental concerns, noting homes flooded during construction at the nearby Nscale Monarch site about 20 miles south (s5)", "The governor and company say Starwood will fund infrastructure costs rather than pass them to ratepayers (s1, s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Morrisey announces $12 billion data center project in Mason County", "publisher": "WV MetroNews", "url": "https://wvmetronews.com/2026/09/03/morrisey-announces-12-billion-data-center-project-in-mason-county/", "date": "2026-09-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Second Certified Data Center Announced For Mason County", "publisher": "West Virginia Public Broadcasting", "url": "https://wvpublic.org/story/energy-environment/second-certified-data-center-announced-for-mason-county/", "date": "2026-09-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Starwood Digital Ventures announces data center for Mason County", "publisher": "WDTV", "url": "https://www.wdtv.com/2026/09/03/starwood-digital-ventures-announces-data-center-mason-county/", "date": "2026-09-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "'Total shocker': Residents react to second data center coming to Mason County", "publisher": "WSAZ", "url": "https://www.wsaz.com/2026/09/04/total-shocker-residents-react-second-data-center-coming-mason-county/", "date": "2026-09-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "New data center project coming to Mason County, WV spearheaded by Florida-based real estate group", "publisher": "West Virginia Watch", "url": "https://westvirginiawatch.com/2026/09/08/new-data-center-project-coming-to-mason-county-wv-spearheaded-by-florida-based-real-estate-group/", "date": "2026-09-08", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "iren-sweetwater-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/iren-sweetwater-tx", "name": "IREN Sweetwater data center campus", "aka": [ "Sweetwater 1", "Sweetwater 2" ], "city": "Sweetwater", "county": "Fisher County", "state": "TX", "lat": 32.471, "lng": -100.4059, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Sweetwater 1 substation energized May 2026; data halls being built in phases", "developer": "IREN", "endUsers": [], "summary": "IREN (formerly Iris Energy) is building a 2 GW AI data center hub in West Texas made up of Sweetwater 1 (1.4 GW) outside Sweetwater in Fisher County and Sweetwater 2 (600 MW), about 28 miles away. IREN announced energization of the Sweetwater 1 substation in May 2026, with power ramping as data centers are built and commissioned. Sweetwater 2 is expected to be energized in 2027 or 2028.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 2000, "unit": "MW", "note": "grid connection capacity across both sites", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 1400, "unit": "MW", "note": "Sweetwater 1", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1800, "unit": "acres", "note": "1,300 acres at Sweetwater 1 and 500 at Sweetwater 2, per IREN; DCD reported 1,700 acres for Sweetwater 1", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "air and liquid cooling", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "ERCOT grid; 345kV/138kV bulk substation at Sweetwater 1", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 200, "note": "more than 200 operational staff expected", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Sweetwater 2 energization in late 2027 (IREN, 2025) or 2028 (DCD, 2026)", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "grid_operator", "value": "ERCOT", "source": "s6", "quote": "Energization marks the connection of the site's high-voltage substation to the ERCOT grid" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-03-17", "event": "IREN signs 600 MW grid connection agreement for Sweetwater 2, bringing the hub to 2 GW", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-05-01", "event": "IREN announces energization of the 1.4 GW Sweetwater 1 site", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-05-28", "event": "IREN announces NVIDIA partnership on AI-ready design; about 300 construction workers on site", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-09-08", "event": "IREN says the 2 GW Sweetwater Hub was conditionally included in ERCOT's Batch Zero process as base load, with 300 MW under construction at Sweetwater 1 for Q4 2027 delivery", "source": "s7", "quote": "At Sweetwater 1, IREN’s high-voltage substation was energized earlier this year, and construction of 300MW (gross) of data center capacity continues with delivery targeted for Q4 2027." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Sweetwater Data Center | 2,000MW AI Campus in Texas", "publisher": "IREN", "url": "https://iren.com/data-centers/sweetwater", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "IREN Announces Successful Energization of Sweetwater 1", "publisher": "IREN", "url": "https://irisenergy.gcs-web.com/news-releases/news-release-details/iren-announces-successful-energization-sweetwater-1", "date": "2026-05-01", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "IREN Secures 2.75GW for Data Centers in West Texas with New 600MW Grid Connection Agreement", "publisher": "IREN", "url": "https://irisenergy.gcs-web.com/static-files/899b6969-7d10-4722-a259-f0ed5576bef3", "date": "2025-03-17", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Iren energizes first phase of 2GW Sweetwater data center campus in Texas", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/iren-energizes-first-phase-of-2gw-sweetwater-data-center-campus-in-texas/", "date": "2026-05-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "IREN partners with NVIDIA to develop AI-ready architecture for West Texas data center campus", "publisher": "KTXS", "url": "https://ktxs.com/news/local/iren-partners-with-nvidia-to-develop-ai-ready-architecture-for-west-texas-data-center-campus", "date": "2026-05-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "IREN Announces Successful Energization of Sweetwater 1", "publisher": "IREN", "url": "https://iren.gcs-web.com/news-releases/news-release-details/iren-announces-successful-energization-sweetwater-1", "type": "company", "date": "2026-05-01" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "IREN's 2GW Sweetwater Hub Included as Base Load in ERCOT Batch Zero", "publisher": "IREN (GlobeNewswire)", "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/09/08/3357498/0/en/iren-s-2gw-sweetwater-hub-included-as-base-load-in-ercot-batch-zero.html", "date": "2026-09-08", "type": "company" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "project-horizon-pecos-county-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-horizon-pecos-county-tx", "name": "Project Horizon", "aka": [ "Poolside Project Horizon" ], "city": "Fort Stockton", "county": "Pecos County", "state": "TX", "lat": 30.894, "lng": -102.8793, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "CoreWeave anchor lease ended March–April 2026; Poolside seeking new partners", "developer": "Poolside", "endUsers": [], "summary": "A planned 2 GW, natural gas-powered AI campus on 568 acres at Longfellow Ranch in Pecos County, West Texas, announced by AI company Poolside in October 2025 with CoreWeave as anchor tenant for a first 250 MW phase. In April 2026 DCD, citing the Financial Times, reported the CoreWeave deal had fallen apart and Poolside was seeking new partners. Pecos County considered a tax abatement for Poolside in November 2025.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 2000, "unit": "MW", "note": "eight 250 MW phases, per Poolside", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 250, "unit": "MW", "note": "originally leased to CoreWeave; lease ended 2026", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 568, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "On-site aero-derivative natural gas turbines with battery storage and grid interconnect, per Poolside", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Poolside's 2025 announcement described air cooling; its CEO later described closed-loop liquid cooling using non-potable groundwater", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Tax abatement agreement with Poolside Inc. within the Longfellow Renewable Energy Reinvestment Zone (on Nov. 10, 2025 county agenda)", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "onsite_generation_mw", "value": "up to 1.2 GW initial", "unit": "GW", "note": "stated as initial capacity of up to 1.2 gigawatts, with another seven gigawatts of power potential identified; Poolside's 2025 announcement described a 2 GW campus", "source": "s5", "quote": "This self-sufficiency shields Pecos County homes, schools, and businesses from load spikes while positioning Project Horizon to scale modularly across eight phases, with an initial capacity of up to 1.2 gigawatts and another seven gigawatts of power potential identified." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Non-potable groundwater within existing permitted allocations", "source": "s5", "quote": "All campus water draws from non-potable groundwater within existing permitted allocations, thus avoiding putting any strain on the city's municipal supply." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 559, "unit": "acres", "note": "conflicts with the 568 acres stated in Poolside's 2025 announcement", "source": "s5", "quote": "Located more than 25 miles outside Fort Stockton on a 559-acre footprint adjacent to the sprawling Longfellow Ranch." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01-13", "event": "Pecos County establishes the Longfellow Renewable Energy Reinvestment Zone", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-10-15", "event": "Poolside announces Project Horizon with CoreWeave as anchor tenant under a 15-year, 250 MW lease", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-11-10", "event": "Pecos County Commissioners Court agenda includes a tax abatement agreement with Poolside Inc.", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "event": "Pecos County Commissioners Court agenda includes a tax abatement agreement with CoreWeave, LLC within the Longfellow Renewable Energy Reinvestment Zone", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-04-02", "event": "DCD reports, citing the Financial Times, that the CoreWeave deal collapsed and Poolside is seeking new partners", "source": "s3" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Activists have raised concerns about grid strain, water use and construction disruption; the developer says cooling water use will be minimal (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Announcing Project Horizon: Why we're building a 2 gigawatt AI campus in Texas", "publisher": "Poolside", "url": "https://poolside.ai/blog/announcing-project-horizon", "date": "2025-10-15", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "AI startup Poolside teams up with CoreWeave on 2GW data center in Texas", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/ai-startup-poolside-teams-up-with-coreweave-on-2gw-data-center-in-texas/", "date": "2025-10-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Poolside seeks partners for data center in Texas after CoreWeave deal falls apart", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/poolside-seeks-partners-for-data-center-in-texas-after-coreweave-deal-falls-apart/", "date": "2026-04-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Commissioner's Court Regular Session Agenda 11/10/2025", "publisher": "Pecos County, Texas", "url": "https://www.co.pecos.tx.us/regular_session_agenda-20251110/", "date": "2025-11-10", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "West Texas Data Center Project Addresses Activist Concerns Head-On", "publisher": "Forbes (contributor)", "url": "https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidblackmon/2026/06/02/west-texas-data-center-project-addresses-activist-concerns-head-on/", "date": "2026-06-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Commissioner's Court Regular Session Agenda 1/12/2026", "publisher": "Pecos County, Texas", "url": "https://www.co.pecos.tx.us/commissioners-court-regular-session-agenda-1122026/", "type": "government", "date": "2026-01-12" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "aligned-project-phoenix-shippingport-pa", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/aligned-project-phoenix-shippingport-pa", "name": "Project Phoenix", "aka": [], "city": "Shippingport", "county": "Beaver County", "state": "PA", "lat": 40.6236, "lng": -80.4247, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Groundbreaking announced September 10, 2026", "developer": "Aligned Data Centers", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Aligned Data Centers is building Project Phoenix, a 2 GW data center campus spanning three facilities in the Shippingport Industrial Park, on the former site of the Bruce Mansfield coal-fired power plant in Beaver County. Aligned says the campus will be powered by its own dedicated onsite source instead of drawing from the local electrical grid, and will be cooled by a closed-loop system designed to need no water for operational cooling. Aligned closed on a 650.89-acre property in Shippingport in July 2026 and announced the groundbreaking on September 10, 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 2, "unit": "GW", "note": "company-stated campus capacity", "source": "s1", "quote": "today announced the groundbreaking of \"Project Phoenix,\" a new 2 GW data center campus located in Shippingport, Pennsylvania." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 3, "source": "s1", "quote": "Spanning three facilities, the development will meet robust regional demand for digital infrastructure while anchoring an estimated $10B in regional economic investment." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 650.89, "note": "property purchased by Aligned", "source": "s3", "quote": "Aligned Data Centers, LLC closed the deal on a 650.89-acre property in Shippingport on Monday." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 2000000, "note": "'nearly 2 million-square-foot' campus", "source": "s3", "quote": "a nearly 2 million-square-foot data center campus near the former Bruce Mansfield power plant for $223,150,865.38." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": "An estimated $10 billion in regional economic investment the campus would anchor (company-stated)", "note": "regional economic investment, not the campus construction cost", "source": "s1", "quote": "Spanning three facilities, the development will meet robust regional demand for digital infrastructure while anchoring an estimated $10B in regional economic investment." }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 3000, "note": "estimated", "source": "s1", "quote": "Project Phoenix will support an estimated 3,000 construction jobs and create an estimated 640 full-time careers for ongoing campus operations" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 640, "note": "estimated", "source": "s1", "quote": "Project Phoenix will support an estimated 3,000 construction jobs and create an estimated 640 full-time careers for ongoing campus operations" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Its own dedicated onsite power instead of the local electrical grid", "source": "s1", "quote": "Project Phoenix will use its own dedicated onsite power source rather than the local electrical grid." }, { "field": "onsite_generation", "value": "natural gas-fired on-site power", "source": "s6", "quote": "will run on its own on-site, natural gas-fired power rather than the PJM grid" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop system recycling deionized water; zero water for operational cooling (company-stated)", "source": "s1", "quote": "Engineered to require zero water for operational cooling, each Project Phoenix data center utilizes an advanced closed-loop system that continuously recycles pure, deionized water." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Former Bruce Mansfield coal-fired power plant site, Shippingport Industrial Park", "source": "s4", "quote": "the former Bruce Mansfield coal-fired power plant site in the Shippingport Industrial Park" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-02-03", "event": "DCD reports Aligned plans natural gas-powered data center buildings at the 660-acre Shippingport Industrial Park owned by Frontier Group of Companies", "source": "s5", "quote": "Aligned is planning to develop two natural gas-powered data center buildings within the 660-acre Shippingport Industrial Park, which is owned by the Frontier Group of Companies." }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "Aligned closes purchase of a 650.89-acre property in Shippingport for $223,150,865.38", "source": "s3", "quote": "Aligned Data Centers, LLC closed the deal on a 650.89-acre property in Shippingport on Monday." }, { "date": "2026-09-10", "event": "Aligned announces groundbreaking of the 2 GW Project Phoenix campus", "source": "s1", "quote": "today announced the groundbreaking of \"Project Phoenix,\" a new 2 GW data center campus located in Shippingport, Pennsylvania." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The Borough of Shippingport council held a public hearing on Aligned's conditional use requests (s5)", "The adjacent Shippingport Power Station is being redeveloped into a natural gas energy campus with up to 3.6GW of behind-the-meter capacity (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Aligned Data Centers and Shippingport Community Mark Revitalization of Legacy Energy Site with Groundbreaking of 2 GW \"Project Phoenix\" Campus", "publisher": "GlobeNewswire (Aligned Data Centers)", "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/09/10/3359602/0/en/aligned-data-centers-and-shippingport-community-mark-revitalization-of-legacy-energy-site-with-groundbreaking-of-2-gw-project-phoenix-campus.html", "date": "2026-09-10", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Aligned breaks ground on gigawatt-scale data center campus in Pennsylvania", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aligned-breaks-ground-on-gigawatt-scale-data-center-campus-in-pennsylvania/", "date": "2026-09-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Align Data Centers, LLC closes deal to build data center campus near former Bruce Mansfield power plant for just over $223 million", "publisher": "Beaver County Radio", "url": "https://beavercountyradio.com/news/align-data-centers-llc-closes-deal-to-build-data-center-campus-near-former-bruce-mansfield-power-plant-for-just-over-223-million/", "date": "2026-07-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Groundbreaking held for \"The Project Phoenix\" data center complex in Shippingport", "publisher": "Beaver County Radio", "url": "https://beavercountyradio.com/news/groundbreaking-held-for-the-project-phoenix-data-center-complex-in-shippingport/", "date": "2026-09-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Aligned looks to Pennsylvania, eyes two natural gas-powered facilities outside Pittsburgh", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/shippingport-industrial-park/", "date": "2026-02-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Aligned Breaks Ground on $10B, 2 GW Data Center in Beaver County", "publisher": "Marcellus Drilling News", "url": "https://marcellusdrilling.com/2026/09/aligned-breaks-ground-on-10b-2-gw-data-center-in-beaver-county/", "date": "2026-09-11", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "joliet-technology-center-il", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/joliet-technology-center-il", "name": "Joliet Technology Center", "aka": [ "Joliet data center" ], "city": "Joliet", "county": "Will County", "state": "IL", "lat": 41.52972, "lng": -88.07278, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "City Council approved 8-1 on Mar. 19, 2026; residents' lawsuit pending in Will County Circuit Court, with a ruling on motions to dismiss expected in October 2026; construction slated for early 2027", "developer": "Hillwood and PowerHouse Data Centers", "endUsers": [], "summary": "A proposed 795-acre, 24-building, 1.8 GW data center campus near Rowell and Bernhard roads east of Chicagoland Speedway in Joliet, Illinois, developed by Hillwood and PowerHouse Data Centers and described as Illinois' largest. The Joliet City Council approved annexation-related rezoning 8-1 in March 2026 over resident objections. Nearby residents sued in May 2026 challenging the rezoning and approval process; defendants have moved to dismiss.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1800, "unit": "MW", "note": "Power demand at full capacity", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 795, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 24, "note": "Four sub-campuses of six buildings each", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 6936000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 20000000000, "note": "As reported in lawsuit coverage", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 700, "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 10000, "note": "7,000-10,000 construction jobs", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 150000, "unit": "gal/day", "note": "100,000-150,000 gallons daily, as described in lawsuit coverage", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Aquifer (city plans shift to Lake Michigan water in 2030)", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "ComEd (developer-paid system upgrades)", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First sub-campus 2028; full build-out through 2032", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "grid_operator", "value": "PJM", "source": "s6", "quote": "The Regional Transmission Organization (RTO) that coordinates the movement of wholesale electricity throughout the local grid is PJM Interconnection LLC." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "I-1 (light industrial), with annexation agreement", "source": "s6", "quote": "The proposed I-1 (light industrial) zoning designation generally aligns with the land use direction from the South Side Comprehensive Plan." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "$100 million community benefit contribution to the City of Joliet", "source": "s6", "quote": "Furthermore, the Developer has committed to a $100 million community benefit contribution to the City." }, { "field": "nearest_residence", "value": "0.66 miles", "source": "s6", "quote": "The nearest residential structure is 0.66 miles from the proposed site." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Herald-News notes a sign posted in October 2025 gave notice of plans to develop the land.", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-02-18", "event": "Public notice issued for zoning hearing (lawsuit alleges it failed to describe the data center)", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-03-16", "event": "City Council public hearing on the proposal (lawsuit alleges residents were denied due process)", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-03-19", "event": "City Council approves project 8-1 (Councilwoman Suzanna Ibarra dissenting)", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-05-18", "event": "Residents and Joliet Residents For Responsible Growth sue city and developers in Will County", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-08-17", "event": "City and developers' motions to dismiss set for a Sept. 8 hearing before Will County Judge Victoria Breslan", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-09-08", "event": "Will County Judge Victoria Breslan hears arguments on the city's and developer's motions to dismiss the residents' lawsuit and says she will rule in October", "source": "s7", "quote": "Will County Judge Victoria Breslan said she will rule in October on motions from the city and the developer to dismiss the lawsuit." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised electricity supply and utility cost concerns, property values, health and proximity (s1, s2)", "Lawsuit alleges defective public notice, Open Meetings Act and due-process violations, and a planning director conflict of interest (s4)", "Opponents say the site's aquifer is projected to no longer meet peak demand by 2030 (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Joliet OKs controversial 795-acre data center", "publisher": "Shaw Local (The Herald-News)", "url": "https://www.shawlocal.com/the-herald-news/2026/03/20/joliet-oks-controversial-795-acre-data-center/", "date": "2026-03-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Joliet City Council approves plans for what would be largest data center in Illinois", "publisher": "ABC7 Chicago", "url": "https://abc7chicago.com/post/data-centers-illinois-city-council-approves-plans-joliet-center-bernhard-rowell-east-speedway/18737463/", "date": "2026-03-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Joliet data center going before plan commission Thursday", "publisher": "Shaw Local (The Herald-News)", "url": "https://www.shawlocal.com/the-herald-news/2026/03/03/joliet-data-center-going-before-plan-commission-thursday/", "date": "2026-03-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Lawsuit challenges zoning, approval process for Joliet data center", "publisher": "Shaw Local (The Herald-News)", "url": "https://www.shawlocal.com/the-herald-news/2026/05/26/lawsuit-challenges-zoning-approval-process-for-joliet-data-center/", "date": "2026-05-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Lawsuit against Joliet data center heading to court hearing", "publisher": "Shaw Local (The Herald-News)", "url": "https://www.shawlocal.com/the-herald-news/2026/08/18/lawsuit-against-joliet-data-center-heading-to-court-hearing/", "date": "2026-08-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "City of Joliet Memo, File #178-26: Public Hearing for a Resolution to Approve an Annexation Agreement for the Annexation of Approximately 795 Acres Surrounding S. Rowell Road and Bernhard Road (A-4-25)", "publisher": "City of Joliet (via Capitol News Illinois)", "url": "https://capitolnewsillinois.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/community-development-memo-for-Joliet-data-center.pdf", "type": "government", "date": "2026-03-16" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Judge to decide fate of Joliet data center lawsuit in October", "publisher": "Shaw Local (The Herald-News)", "url": "https://www.shawlocal.com/the-herald-news/2026/09/09/lawsuit-againt-planned-joliet-data-center-stays-alive/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-09-09" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-24" }, { "slug": "paducah-site-data-center-campus-ky", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/paducah-site-data-center-campus-ky", "name": "Paducah Site AI campus", "aka": [ "Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant data center", "DOE Paducah American Energy Hub" ], "city": "Paducah", "county": "McCracken County", "state": "KY", "lat": 37.08, "lng": -88.6, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Developers selected by DOE in July 2026; power service agreement still needs Kentucky PSC approval and definitive agreements are pending", "developer": "Brookfield", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Brookfield and NextEra Energy plan a 1.8 GW AI and high-performance computing campus on part of the Department of Energy's former Paducah uranium enrichment site in western Kentucky. NextEra would build about 2 GW of new gas-fired generation and up to 2.6 GW of battery storage. The Energy Department announced the partnership on July 29, 2026, and the power service agreement still needs approval from the Kentucky Public Service Commission.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1800, "unit": "MW", "note": "campus size per DOE; utility-delivered capacity targeted for 2032 per Data Center Knowledge", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "it_mw", "value": 1200, "unit": "MW", "note": "\"more than 1.2 GW\" of AI compute capacity (Data Center Knowledge)", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "About 2 GW of new gas-fired generation and up to 2.6 GW of battery storage by NextEra; surplus to the regional grid. Big Rivers Electric Power Corporation (wholesale) and Jackson Purchase Energy Cooperative (retail) would serve the campus, with Paducah Power System as a community partner", "note": "an analyst quoted by Data Center Knowledge cautions against adding generation and storage figures together", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 100000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "\"roughly $100 billion over time\", privately funded", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 8000, "unit": "jobs", "note": "about", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 600, "unit": "jobs", "note": "about", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "DOE and WBKO: construction expected complete in 2031; Data Center Knowledge: 1.8 GW by 2032", "source": "s3" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-11", "event": "Energy Department issues a Request for Offers for AI data center and energy development at the Paducah Site", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-07-29", "event": "DOE announces Brookfield and NextEra as partners for a 1.8 GW AI campus with new generation and storage at the Paducah Site", "source": "s1" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The power service agreement requires Kentucky Public Service Commission approval (s1)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Energy Department Announces Partnership to Expand Reliable, Affordable Energy Access and Power America's AI Future in Western Kentucky", "publisher": "U.S. Department of Energy", "url": "https://www.energy.gov/articles/energy-department-announces-partnership-expand-reliable-affordable-energy-access-and-power", "date": "2026-07-29", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Brookfield, NextEra Launch $100B AI Campus at DOE's Paducah Site", "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge", "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/data-center-construction/brookfield-nextera-launch-100b-ai-campus-at-doe-s-paducah-site", "date": "2026-07-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "AI data center coming to Western Kentucky", "publisher": "WBKO", "url": "https://www.wbko.com/2026/07/29/ai-data-center-coming-western-kentucky/", "date": "2026-07-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "DOE announces Paducah data center campus with $100B private investment", "publisher": "Spectrum News 1 Kentucky", "url": "https://spectrumnews1.com/ky/lexington/news/2026/07/29/doe-announces-paducah-data-center-campus-with-100b-private-investment", "date": "2026-07-29", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-10-15" }, { "slug": "project-cardinal-yorkville-il", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-cardinal-yorkville-il", "name": "Project Cardinal Data Center Campus", "aka": [], "city": "Yorkville", "county": "Kendall County", "state": "IL", "lat": 41.6411, "lng": -88.4473, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Council extended the developer's land-acquisition deadline to Dec. 31, 2027 in June 2026", "developer": "Pioneer Development, LLC", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Project Cardinal is a data center campus proposed by Pioneer Development, LLC on 1,037 acres in Yorkville, Illinois, with 14 data center buildings adding up to more than 17 million square feet. The Yorkville City Council approved the annexation, rezoning, utility and infrastructure agreements in March 2026, and in June 2026 extended the developer's deadline to acquire all parcels to Dec. 31, 2027.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 1037, "unit": "acres", "source": "s3", "quote": "At the end of a nearly six-hour meeting, mostly filled with residents speaking against data center construction, the Yorkville City Council approved a 1,037-acre project it says will redefine the town's future." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 14, "source": "s1", "quote": "fourteen (14) data center buildings totaling over 17 million square feet, two (2) electrical substations, a utility switchyard, and associated stormwater detention basins." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 17000000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "over 17 million square feet", "source": "s1", "quote": "fourteen (14) data center buildings totaling over 17 million square feet, two (2) electrical substations, a utility switchyard, and associated stormwater detention basins." }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1800, "unit": "MW", "note": "1.8 GW as reported at the proposal stage", "source": "s9", "quote": "One project would see 14 buildings totaling 1.8GW developed in the Kendall County city of Yorkville." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "ComEd", "note": "ComEd power allocation still needed as of March 2026", "source": "s3", "quote": "ComEd still needs to grant full power allocation to the sites for them to be finalized." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "air-cooled closed loop", "source": "s3", "quote": "the data center will now utilize an air-cooled closed loop system, which dramatically reduces the amount of water used daily to around 42,500 gallons. Developers originally said it would use 350,000 gallons daily." }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 42500, "unit": "gallons/day", "note": "around 42,500 gallons daily after redesign; originally 350,000 gallons daily", "source": "s3", "quote": "the data center will now utilize an air-cooled closed loop system, which dramatically reduces the amount of water used daily to around 42,500 gallons. Developers originally said it would use 350,000 gallons daily." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "trucked-in water, no municipal water", "note": "as described by aldermen at the March 24, 2026 council meeting", "source": "s6", "quote": "Aldermen questioned why Project Steel could not be like Project Cardinal, which will be using zero municipal water and is trucking in its own water for a closed-loop system." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "$51 million up-front offer to be paid over four years under a development agreement", "source": "s3", "quote": "The City Council on March 10 also approved a development agreement with Pioneer Development including a $51 million up-front offer to be paid over the next four years." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Rezoning to M-2 General Manufacturing District", "source": "s1", "quote": "M-2 General Manufacturing District to facilitate the development of a state-of-the-art data center campus" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Approved by Yorkville City Council; only Alderman Rusty Corneils dissented", "source": "s3", "quote": "The only dissenting vote came from Alderman Rusty Corneils." }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First building slated for operation in 2029 (as reported in March 2025)", "source": "s9", "quote": "The first building is slated for operation in 2029." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-03-24", "event": "Plans for the 14-building campus in Yorkville are reported", "source": "s9", "quote": "One project would see 14 buildings totaling 1.8GW developed in the Kendall County city of Yorkville." }, { "date": "2025-11-10", "event": "City approves the project via Ordinance No. 2025-78", "source": "s2", "quote": "approved November 10, 2025 via Ordinance No. 2025-78." }, { "date": "2026-03-11", "event": "City Council vote at 12:51 a.m. after a meeting that began at 7 p.m. March 10", "source": "s3", "quote": "The vote came at 12:51 a.m. March 11. The meeting began at 7 p.m. March 10." }, { "date": "2026-04", "event": "A lawsuit names the City of Yorkville and Pioneer Development LLC as defendants", "source": "s7", "quote": "The lawsuit lists the city of Yorkville and Pioneer Development LLC, the developers behind the approved 1,034 acre Project Cardinal data center, with 14 warehouses across 17 million square feet." }, { "date": "2026-06-23", "event": "City Council approves an 18-month extension for the developer to acquire all property titles", "source": "s5", "quote": "On June 23, the City Council also passed an amendment to the developer's annexation agreement to allow an 18-month extension for the developers to acquire all the titles for the subject property." }, { "date": "2026-07-14", "event": "City Council approves an amendment to the project's PUD", "source": "s5", "quote": "The amendment to the project's PUD was approved by the City Council during its July 14 meeting." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Litigation by nearby resident John Bryan", "status": "settled", "summary": "The project's 14 two-story buildings were re-phased following a litigation settlement among the city, developers Pioneer Development, LLC and Matt McCarron, and John Bryan, who lives near the site.", "source": "s5", "quote": "The re-phasing of the project's 14 two-story warehouses comes in the wake of a litigation settlement between John Bryan, a resident living near the development site, the city and the developers, Pioneer Development, LLC and Matt McCarron." }, { "name": "Nearby residents' lawsuit against the City of Yorkville and Pioneer Development LLC", "filed": "2026-04", "status": "pending", "summary": "The plaintiffs argue the city did not notify residents in the immediate area about its plans to annex unincorporated land in Kendall County and rezone that land to manufacturing for data center construction.", "source": "s7", "quote": "The plaintiffs argue the city failed to notify immediate area residents of the plans to annex the unincorporated Kendall County land and rezone the property to manufacturing for data center construction." } ], "issues": [ "Residents opposing the project cited air pollution, noise, light pollution and other concerns (s4)", "The city plans penalties if the project exceeds 71,400 gallons of water on any day or an average of 42,000 gallons per day over a billing cycle (s10)", "If the developer misses the extended acquisition deadline, the annexation agreement would become null and void, according to city documents (s10)", "Under the settlement with resident John Bryan, each construction phase must be substantially complete before the next begins (s5, s8)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Project Cardinal Data Center Campus (Annex Agreement, Rezone, Preliminary PUD & PUD)", "publisher": "United City of Yorkville", "url": "https://www.yorkville.il.us/906/Project-Cardinal-Data-Center-Campus-Anne", "date": "2026", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Project Cardinal Data Center Campus (Annexation Agreement Amendment)", "publisher": "United City of Yorkville", "url": "https://www.yorkville.il.us/941/Project-Cardinal-Data-Center-Campus-Anne", "date": "2026", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Yorkville data center approval comes after almost 6-hour contentious City Council meeting", "publisher": "Shaw Local", "url": "https://www.shawlocal.com/kendall-county-now/2026/03/12/yorkville-data-center-approval-comes-after-nearly-6-hour-contentious-city-council-meeting/", "date": "2026-03-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "City gives final approval to 1,000-acre Project Cardinal campus", "publisher": "WSPY News", "url": "https://www.wspynews.com/news/local/city-gives-final-approval-to-1-000-acre-project-cardinal-campus/article_e9ec253a-a6a8-455b-a9dc-a4d9158ff207.html", "date": "2026-03-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Changes to Project Cardinal data center construction order splits Yorkville City Council", "publisher": "Shaw Local", "url": "https://www.shawlocal.com/kendall-county-now/2026/07/27/changes-to-project-cardinal-data-center-construction-order-splits-yorkville-city-council/", "date": "2026-07-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "'Nobody wants to live in data center row' - Residents speak out after Yorkville approves 540-acre data center", "publisher": "Shaw Local", "url": "https://www.shawlocal.com/kendall-county-now/2026/03/26/nobody-wants-to-live-in-data-center-row-residents-speak-out-after-yorkville-approves-540-acre-data-center/", "date": "2026-03-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Yorkville residents file lawsuit against the city to halt the 1,034 acre Project Cardinal data center", "publisher": "Shaw Local", "url": "https://www.shawlocal.com/kendall-county-now/2026/04/29/yorkville-residents-file-lawsuit-against-the-city-to-halt-the-1034-acre-project-cardinal-data-center/", "date": "2026-04-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Yorkville Council to Consider Settlement in Project Cardinal Lawsuit", "publisher": "Yorkville Herald", "url": "https://www.yorkvilleherald.com/articles/yorkville-council-to-consider-settlement-in-project-cardinal-lawsuit", "date": "2026-06-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Two data center campuses totaling 38 buildings proposed in Yorkville, Illinois", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/two-data-center-campuses-totaling-38-buildings-proposed-in-yorkville-illinois/", "date": "2025-03-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Developers of Project Cardinal data center in Yorkville ask for 18-month extension to purchase land", "publisher": "Shaw Local", "url": "https://www.shawlocal.com/kendall-county-now/2026/06/08/developers-of-project-cardinal-data-center-in-yorkville-ask-for-18-month-extension-to-purchase-land/", "date": "2026-06-08", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-05" }, { "slug": "xai-colossus-2-memphis-tn", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/xai-colossus-2-memphis-tn", "name": "xAI Colossus 2", "aka": [ "Colossus 2", "SpaceXAI Colossus 2" ], "city": "Memphis", "county": "Shelby County", "state": "TN", "lat": 35.02722, "lng": -90.02917, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Partly in use training Grok while expansion continues; powered largely by gas turbines at a Southaven, MS plant subject to an NAACP Clean Air Act suit", "developer": "xAI", "endUsers": [], "summary": "xAI's second Memphis supercomputer site, a roughly 1-million-sq-ft facility on Tulane Road in the Whitehaven area, separate from the original Colossus site. It is powered in large part by gas turbines at a former Duke Energy plant across the state line in Southaven, Mississippi, where regulators permitted 41 turbines (1.2 GW) in March 2026. Scientific American reported about 1,775 MW of power capacity by July 2026, and a $659.3 million permit for an additional building was filed in March 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1775, "unit": "MW", "note": "Approximate power capacity by July 2026 per Scientific American; DCD noted claims of 1 GW at launch vs. ~350 MW cooling seen in January 2026 imagery", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Gas turbines at former Duke Energy plant in Southaven, MS (41 permanent turbines permitted, 1.2 GW; 69 temporary turbines reported by July 2026)", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "Mississippi Environmental Quality Permit Board approved xAI's permit for permanent turbines on March 10, 2026, with all six members present voting in favor", "source": "s7", "quote": "All six members who were present Tuesday — the state Oil and Gas Board's David Snodgrass was the lone absence — voted to approve xAI's permit application." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Colossus Gas Plant: 2875 Stanton Road South, Southaven, Mississippi (about 1 mile from Colossus 2)", "source": "s8", "quote": "MZX Tech owns and operates the Colossus Gas Plant located at 2875 Stanton Road South in Southaven, Mississippi." }, { "field": "nearest_residence", "value": "Nine schools within three miles of the Colossus Gas Plant (per NAACP complaint)", "source": "s8", "quote": "Within just three miles of the Colossus Gas Plant, children attend school at nine different elementary, middle, and high schools." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-03-07", "event": "Expansion announced at Tulane Road site in Whitehaven", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-07-16", "event": "xAI affiliate MZX Tech buys former Duke power plant site in Southaven, MS", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-01-14", "event": "Application filed with Mississippi regulators for 41-turbine permit", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-03-03", "event": "Permit filed for $659.3M, four-story building adjacent to Colossus 2", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-03-10", "event": "Mississippi DEQ board approves 41 turbines (1.2 GW) to power Colossus 2 and planned Colossus 3", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-04-14", "event": "NAACP, represented by SELC and Earthjustice, sues xAI and its subsidiary MZX Tech under the Clean Air Act over gas turbines run at the Southaven plant before an air permit; MDEQ had granted a permit for 27 turbines in March 2026. The plant powers Colossus 2. DOJ moved in June 2026 to intervene on the company's side", "source": "s11" }, { "date": "2026-06-09", "event": "Southaven residents file a federal class action against xAI and MZX Tech over turbine noise.", "source": "s9" }, { "date": "2026-06-15", "event": "Justice Department files motion to intervene and seek dismissal of the NAACP Clean Air Act lawsuit.", "source": "s10" }, { "date": "2026-07-30", "event": "Mississippi DEQ sets retirement schedule for 69 temporary turbines at the Southaven plant (Aug. 18, 2026 to July 14, 2027), allowing 13 to run past the original deadline", "source": "s6" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "NAACP v. X.AI Corp. and MZX Tech LLC, No. 3:26-cv-00074-MPM-JMV", "court": "U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi", "filed": "2026-04-14", "status": "pending", "summary": "Clean Air Act suit alleging xAI and MZX Tech installed and operated gas turbines in Southaven without an air permit.", "source": "s8", "quote": "Between August and December 2025, Defendants xAI and its wholly owned subsidiary MZX Tech LLC installed and began operating twenty-seven polluting gas turbines (the 'Colossus Gas Plant') in Southaven, Mississippi, which is in DeSoto County, without an air permit or regard for the health and safety of people living nearby." } ], "issues": [ "Neighbors in Southaven reported noise from unpermitted turbines in Nov. 2025 (s3)", "SELC says the Mississippi permit was fast-tracked without addressing significant concerns; meeting was held in Jackson with five days' notice (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s2", "title": "xAI files permit for $659M expansion of Colossus 2 site", "publisher": "Action News 5", "url": "https://www.actionnews5.com/2026/03/03/xai-files-permit-659m-expansion-colossus-2-site/", "date": "2026-03-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Inside Memphis' fight against xAI", "publisher": "Southern Environmental Law Center", "url": "https://www.selc.org/news/inside-memphis-fight-against-xai/", "date": "2026-05-08", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Musk's xAI gets go-ahead for 41 natural gas turbines in Mississippi to power Colossus data centers", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/musks-xai-gets-go-ahead-for-41-natural-gas-turbines-in-mississippi-to-power-colossus-data-centers/", "date": "2026-03-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "The data center backlash comes for SpaceXAI's Colossus", "publisher": "Scientific American", "url": "https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/spacexais-colossus-data-center-is-fueling-a-massive-backlash/", "date": "2026-09-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "State sets dates to retire temporary xAI turbines", "publisher": "Mississippi Today", "url": "https://mississippitoday.org/2026/07/31/southaven-xai-turbines-deadline/", "date": "2026-07-31", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "State board approves xAI permit", "publisher": "Mississippi Today", "url": "https://mississippitoday.org/2026/03/10/xai-permit-approved-southaven/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-03-10" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Complaint, NAACP v. X.AI Corp. and MZX Tech LLC, No. 3:26-cv-00074-MPM-JMV", "publisher": "U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi (via NAACP)", "url": "https://naacp.org/sites/default/files/documents/1%20-%20Complaint.pdf", "type": "court", "date": "2026-04-14" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Southaven residents sue Elon Musk's xAI alleging harm from gas turbines", "publisher": "Mississippi Today", "url": "https://mississippitoday.org/2026/06/09/elon-musk-mississippi-southaven-lawsuit/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-06-09" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "xAI Faces DOJ Bid to Dismiss NAACP Clean Air Act Lawsuit", "publisher": "Lawyer Monthly", "url": "https://www.lawyer-monthly.com/2026/06/xai-doj-naacp-clean-air-act-lawsuit/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-06-17" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "NAACP sues xAI, alleging unlawful operation of gas turbines in Southaven", "publisher": "WLBT", "url": "https://www.wlbt.com/2026/04/14/naacp-sues-xai-alleging-unlawful-operation-gas-turbines-southaven/", "date": "2026-04-14", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-05" }, { "slug": "helios-dickens-county-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/helios-dickens-county-tx", "name": "Galaxy Helios", "aka": [ "Helios data center campus", "Galaxy Helios Data Centers" ], "city": "Afton", "county": "Dickens County", "state": "TX", "lat": 33.77, "lng": -100.8, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Phase 1 conversion for CoreWeave under way; Phase 2 buildings permitted in 2026 and bond financing launched July 2026", "developer": "Galaxy Digital", "endUsers": [ "CoreWeave" ], "summary": "Helios is a former bitcoin-mining site off County Road 112 in Dickens County that Galaxy Digital is converting into an AI data center campus, with CoreWeave as the tenant under a 15-year lease. ERCOT has approved more than 1.6 GW of capacity for the campus. Coverage cites a longer-term ceiling of 3.5 GW, which Galaxy's own January 2026 release does not state.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1600, "unit": "MW", "note": "ERCOT-approved capacity \"over 1.6 GW\" after an additional 830 MW approval in January 2026 (Galaxy)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 3500, "unit": "MW", "note": "potential at full build-out, reported as 2.7 GW of additional power under study (Converge Digest); not stated in the Galaxy January 2026 release", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "it_mw", "value": 800, "unit": "MW", "note": "critical IT load committed to CoreWeave across phases (Converge Digest); 133 MW in Phase I and 260 MW in the second-phase lease", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 133, "unit": "MW", "note": "critical IT load for CoreWeave in the first phase", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 3500000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "combined cost of Phase 2 projects Helios 2, 3 and 4 in public permit records, as reported by KTSM", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Galaxy scheduled to begin delivering power to CoreWeave in 2026", "source": "s3" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-04-09", "event": "Reported that Galaxy signed a 15-year lease with CoreWeave to convert the Helios site, which it bought from Argo Blockchain in 2022", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2025-08-17", "event": "CoreWeave locks in the full 800 MW of approved capacity; Galaxy raises a $1.4 billion project facility", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-01-21", "event": "Galaxy announces ERCOT approval of an additional 830 MW, bringing approved capacity above 1.6 GW", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-03", "event": "Permits show about $3.5 billion for Phase 2 buildings Helios 2, 3 and 4", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-07-22", "event": "Galaxy subsidiary Galaxy Helios Data Centers II offers $3.507 billion of senior secured notes to fund two buildings with eight data halls", "source": "s6" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Reports differ on the 3.5 GW figure: one outlet ties it to long-term potential, while KTSM and TheEnergyMag tie '3.5' to dollar figures (s2, s3, s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Galaxy Secures ERCOT Approval to Double Power Capacity at Helios Data Center Campus", "publisher": "Galaxy Digital", "url": "https://www.galaxy.com/newsroom/secures-ercot-approval-at-helios-data-center", "date": "2026-01-21", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "CoreWeave Locks In 800 MW at Galaxy's Helios Campus in Texas", "publisher": "Converge Digest", "url": "https://convergedigest.com/coreweave-locks-in-800-mw-at-galaxys-helios-campus-in-texas/", "date": "2025-08-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Massive $3.5 billion expansion planned at AI data center in Dickens County", "publisher": "KTSM 9 News", "url": "https://www.ktsm.com/news/state-news/massive-3-5-billion-expansion-planned-at-ai-data-center-in-dickens-county/amp/", "date": "2026-03-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Firm to transform Bitcoin mining facility in Dickens Co. into AI data center", "publisher": "KCBD", "url": "https://www.kcbd.com/2025/04/10/firm-transform-bitcoin-mining-facility-dickens-co-into-ai-data-center", "date": "2025-04-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Galaxy Targets $3.5B Notes Sale to Fund Texas AI Data Center Expansion", "publisher": "TheEnergyMag", "url": "https://theenergymag.com/news/market-news/galaxy-digital-senior-note-helios-ai-data-center", "date": "2026-07-22", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-10-15" }, { "slug": "ridgeline-tucker-county-wv", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/ridgeline-tucker-county-wv", "name": "Ridgeline Facility", "aka": [ "Ridgeline project", "Fundamental Data Ridgeline" ], "city": "Thomas", "county": "Tucker County", "state": "WV", "lat": 39.15, "lng": -79.5, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "State air permit R13-3713 issued Aug 2025 and upheld by Air Quality Board Feb 2026; appeals court dismissed groups' appeals Aug 2026 for lack of jurisdiction, leaving a path to the WV Supreme Court", "developer": "Fundamental Data LLC", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Fundamental Data LLC proposes an off-grid, gas-fired power plant and data center complex between Davis and Thomas in Tucker County, West Virginia. Reported sizes vary: local press describes a 1,600 MW plant on about 500 acres, while POWER Magazine reports a roughly 5 GW, two-phase plan on a 291-acre tract. The state air permit has been issued and upheld over appeals by Tucker United, the West Virginia Highlands Conservancy and the Sierra Club, and in August 2026 WVDEP confirmed the company controls the site.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1600, "unit": "MW", "note": "as reported by WDTV for the off-grid gas-and-diesel plant", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 5000, "unit": "MW", "note": "POWER Magazine: ~5 GW total across two phases (Phase 1 ~800 MW gas + ~1.3 GW solar; Phase 2 3.1 GW additional gas)", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "it_mw", "value": 2000, "unit": "MW", "note": "POWER Magazine: Phase 1 includes 14 data center buildings using 2+ GW of computing load", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 14, "note": "data center buildings in Phase 1, per POWER Magazine", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 500, "note": "as reported by local press", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 291, "note": "tract purchased from Western Pocahontas Properties (purchase agreement dated 2024-07-19)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "On-site natural gas / diesel combustion turbines with heat recovery steam generators (off-grid microgrid); three 10-million-gallon diesel storage tanks", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Commercial operations targeted for 2028 (per POWER Magazine)", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Project says it seeks no state or local financial assistance (per POWER Magazine); proceeds under WV HB 2014 certified microgrid program", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "WVDEP permit R13-3713 classifies the facility as a synthetic minor source, with physical and operational limits to stay below PSD major thresholds", "source": "s6", "quote": "Physical and operational limitations so that source is below PSD major thresholds" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-07-19", "event": "Purchase and sale agreement for 291-acre site with Western Pocahontas Properties", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-03-18", "event": "Air permit application R13-3713 filed with WVDEP Division of Air Quality", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2025-08-15", "event": "WVDEP issues air quality construction permit R13-3713 after 1,605 written comments", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-02-05", "event": "West Virginia Air Quality Board upholds permit over appeal by Tucker United, WV Highlands Conservancy and Sierra Club", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-08-13", "event": "WVDEP determines Fundamental Data has demonstrated site control after company missed Aug 7 deadline and filed documents Aug 11", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-08-26", "event": "Intermediate Court of Appeals dismisses environmental groups' appeals for lack of jurisdiction, finding good cause for late appeals to the WV Supreme Court", "source": "s2" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Opponents dispute WVDEP's classification of the plant as a synthetic minor source of air pollution (s3, s4)", "Groups objected to redaction of emissions data and permit details as confidential business information (s1, s3)", "Expert testimony at the appeal hearing said daily emissions could fluctuate beyond DEP assumptions (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "WV DEP says Fundamental Data controls site of proposed Tucker County data center, power plant", "publisher": "West Virginia Watch", "url": "https://westvirginiawatch.com/2026/08/17/wv-dep-says-fundamental-data-controls-site-of-proposed-tucker-county-data-center-power-plant/", "date": "2026-08-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "State appeals court dismisses environmental groups' lawsuits over Tucker County data center plant", "publisher": "WDTV", "url": "https://www.wdtv.com/2026/08/26/state-appeals-court-dismisses-environmental-groups-lawsuits-over-tucker-county-data-center-plant/", "date": "2026-08-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Air Quality Board sides with developers of Tucker County data center", "publisher": "WV MetroNews", "url": "https://wvmetronews.com/2026/02/07/air-quality-board-sides-with-developers-of-tucker-county-data-center/", "date": "2026-02-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "State Regulators Hear Two Days Of Evidence In Appeal Of Tucker County Data Center Permits", "publisher": "West Virginia Public Broadcasting", "url": "https://wvpublic.org/story/energy-environment/state-regulators-hear-two-days-of-evidence-in-appeal-of-tucker-county-data-center-permits/", "date": "2025-12-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Contested 5-GW Ridgeline Gas, Solar, and Data-Center Complex in West Virginia Clears Site-Control Question", "publisher": "POWER Magazine", "url": "https://www.powermag.com/contested-5-gw-ridgeline-gas-solar-and-data-center-complex-in-west-virginia-clears-site-control-question/", "date": "2026-08-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Fundamental Data LLC Ridgeline Facility public meeting presentation (R13-3713)", "publisher": "West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Air Quality", "url": "https://dep.wv.gov/daq/permitting/Documents/Fundamental%20Data%20LLC;%20Ridgeline%20Facility/FD%20Public%20Meeting%20PowerPoint%2006.30.2025.pdf", "date": "2025-06-30", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "DEP Approves Fundamental Data Air Quality Permit for Ridgeline Project", "publisher": "Parsons Advocate", "url": "https://parsonsadvocate.com/news/pa-top-stories/headlines/dep-approves-fundamental-data-air-quality-permit-for-ridgeline-project/", "date": "2025-08-19", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Tucker power plant's air permit upheld", "publisher": "The Inter-Mountain", "url": "https://www.theintermountain.com/news/local-news/2026/02/tucker-power-plants-air-permit-upheld/", "date": "2026-02-10", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "t5-chicago-iv-grayslake-il", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/t5-chicago-iv-grayslake-il", "name": "T5 @ Chicago IV", "aka": [], "city": "Grayslake", "county": "Lake County", "state": "IL", "lat": 42.3406, "lng": -88.0242, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Village issued first building permit Sept. 1, 2026; lawsuit challenging approvals pending", "developer": "T5 Data Centers", "endUsers": [], "summary": "The T5 @ Chicago IV campus in Grayslake, which the Village Board approved between September 2024 and May 2025, provides for as much as 472 acres of development and over 10 million square feet of buildings, with electrical demand of about 1.55 gigawatts to be supplied by ComEd. Village officials describe the project as a multi-building private investment expected to reach $18 billion, and the village issued the first building permit, for an 800,000-square-foot facility, on Sept. 1, 2026. A lawsuit filed in Lake County Circuit Court by nine Lake County residents together with Preservation of Community Well-being Collective LLC challenges the village's approvals.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1.55, "unit": "GW", "note": "approximate electrical demand supplied by ComEd", "source": "s4", "quote": "calls for up to 472 acres of development, more than 10 million square feet of buildings and an electrical demand of approximately 1.55 gigawatts of power supplied by ComEd" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 480, "unit": "MW", "note": "critical IT capacity for a 160-acre site as announced by T5 in May 2024, before the approved expansion to 472 acres", "source": "s1", "quote": "The 160-acre site will support up to 480 megawatts (MW) of critical IT capacity across multiple data center buildings." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 472, "note": "up to", "source": "s4", "quote": "calls for up to 472 acres of development, more than 10 million square feet of buildings and an electrical demand of approximately 1.55 gigawatts of power supplied by ComEd" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 18, "note": "as many as", "source": "s3", "quote": "In Grayslake, the T5 project calls for as many as 18 buildings totaling as much as 10.1 million square feet." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 10100000, "note": "as much as", "source": "s3", "quote": "In Grayslake, the T5 project calls for as many as 18 buildings totaling as much as 10.1 million square feet." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 18000000000, "note": "expected, per village officials", "source": "s4", "quote": "The first facility, spanning 800,000 square feet, marks the operational start of an expected $18 billion multi-building private investment, village officials said." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "ComEd", "source": "s4", "quote": "an electrical demand of approximately 1.55 gigawatts of power supplied by ComEd, with associated diesel backup generation infrastructure." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "diesel backup generation infrastructure", "source": "s4", "quote": "an electrical demand of approximately 1.55 gigawatts of power supplied by ComEd, with associated diesel backup generation infrastructure." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "None (per village): no TIF subsidies, tax exemptions or local municipal tax incentives; projected property tax revenue of $1.4 billion over 20 years", "source": "s3", "quote": "Secured without local municipal tax incentives, tax exemptions or TIF (tax increment financing) subsidies, the development is projected to generate $1.4 billion in property tax revenue over 20 years across local taxing bodies" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Grayslake Village Board approved it between September 2024 and May 2025", "source": "s4", "quote": "The T5 @ Chicago IV campus, as approved by the Grayslake Village Board between September 2024 and May 2025" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Cornerstone property along Peterson Road and Alleghany Road", "source": "s4", "quote": "The Village of Grayslake said Tuesday that it issued the initial building permit for the first facility at the T5 campus within the Cornerstone property along Peterson Road and Alleghany Road." }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First 60MW in Q4 2027 (as announced May 2024)", "source": "s1", "quote": "the first 60MW of data center capacity in Q4 2027" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-05-02", "event": "T5 announces a 480 MW data center campus in Grayslake", "source": "s1", "quote": "T5 Data Centers Announces Further Expansion into Chicago Suburbs with New 480 MW Data Center Campus" }, { "date": "2025-05", "event": "Grayslake Village Board completes approvals of the campus (approved between September 2024 and May 2025)", "source": "s4", "quote": "The T5 @ Chicago IV campus, as approved by the Grayslake Village Board between September 2024 and May 2025" }, { "date": "2026-08", "event": "Nine Lake County residents and Preservation of Community Well-being Collective LLC file suit challenging the village's approvals", "source": "s4", "quote": "Last month, a lawsuit was filed by the Preservation of Community Well-being Collective LLC and nine Lake County residents in Lake County Circuit Court challenging the Village of Grayslake's approvals of the T5 @ Chicago IV data center campus." }, { "date": "2026-09-01", "event": "Village issues first building permit, for an 800,000-square-foot facility", "source": "s4", "quote": "The Village of Grayslake has issued the first building permit for the T5 @ Chicago IV data center campus, allowing site work on the first building in the 472 acres of development to begin immediately, amid a lawsuit seeking to block the development." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Objectors cite inadequate public hearings and concerns about power and water usage (s2)", "A lawsuit seeks to invalidate the 2024–2025 approvals and block further permits (s3, s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "T5 Data Centers Announces Further Expansion into Chicago Suburbs with New 480 MW Data Center Campus", "publisher": "T5 Data Centers", "url": "https://t5datacenters.com/resources/t5-data-centers-announces-further-expansion-into-chicago-suburbs-with-new-480-mw-data-center-campus/", "date": "2024-05-02", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Despite village approvals, legal action expected against Grayslake data center", "publisher": "Daily Herald", "url": "https://www.dailyherald.com/20260608/news/despite-village-approvals-legal-action-expected-against-grayslake-data-center/", "date": "2026-06-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Defying trends, Grayslake welcomes start of massive data center project", "publisher": "Daily Herald", "url": "https://www.dailyherald.com/20260901/news/against-the-grain-defying-trends-grayslake-welcomes-start-of-massive-data-center-project/", "date": "2026-09-01", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Grayslake issues first permit for construction to begin on mega data center campus as lawsuit seeks to block development", "publisher": "Lake and McHenry County Scanner", "url": "https://www.lakemchenryscanner.com/2026/09/01/grayslake-issues-first-permit-for-construction-to-begin-on-mega-data-center-campus-as-lawsuit-seeks-to-block-development/", "date": "2026-09-01", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "project-red-clay-lowndes-county-al", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-red-clay-lowndes-county-al", "name": "Project Red Clay", "aka": [], "city": "Hayneville", "county": "Lowndes County", "state": "AL", "lat": 32.1835, "lng": -86.5679, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "County Commission approved tax abatements 3-2 in October 2026; end user not disclosed, and opponents say the vote came without notice", "developer": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure is planning a hyperscale data center campus on farmland near U.S. Highway 80 and Alabama Highway 21 in Lowndes County, west of Montgomery. In October 2026 the County Commission voted 3-2 for large property and sales tax abatements, in a brief meeting where the item was not on the agenda. Reports differ on the acreage and the abatement's value, no end user has been named, and conservation groups object to the process and the water and power demand.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1500, "unit": "MW", "note": "up to; reported as 1.5 GW by SELC", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1100, "unit": "acres", "note": "initial plan per GovTech/al.com; the project agreement reportedly caps expansion at 2,200 acres without county approval. SELC describes the site as 800 acres of farmland", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 6, "note": "totaling 3 million square feet", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 3000000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Alabama Power", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 100000, "unit": "gallons/day", "note": "up to; initial demand from the Pintlala Water System", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Pintlala Water System", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 225, "note": "at least; WAKA reports a range of 50 to 225", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1000, "note": "more than", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Abatement of 50% of county non-educational property tax plus construction and equipment-refresh sales/use tax, valued by al.com at more than $1.1 billion; SELC cites about $2.8 billion combined with state breaks over 20 years", "source": "s1" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-10", "event": "Lowndes County Commission votes 3-2 to approve tax abatements for the project in a short meeting; the item was not on the posted agenda", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-10-14", "event": "Southern Environmental Law Center criticizes the vote for lacking public notice and comment and raises water, power and wastewater questions", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-10-15", "event": "Local TV reports residents' opposition after the approval; the commission chairman calls the deal a win for the county", "source": "s2" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Opponents say the abatement vote was taken without public notice or comment and question compliance with open-meetings law (s3)", "Groups raise concerns about water demand, a 1.5 GW power load and undisclosed wastewater plans (s3)", "Supporters, including the commission chairman, say the project brings large tax revenue and jobs to the county (s1, s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Lowndes County, Ala., Approves $1.1B in Data Center Tax Breaks", "publisher": "GovTech (reprinting al.com)", "url": "https://govtech.com/artificial-intelligence/lowndes-county-ala-approves-1-1b-in-data-center-tax-breaks", "date": "2026-10-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Lowndes Co. Commission approves controversial data center project", "publisher": "WAKA 8", "url": "https://www.waka.com/2026/10/15/lowndes-co-commission-approves-controversial-data-center/", "date": "2026-10-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Data Center Gets Massive Tax Break in Surprise Vote by Lowndes Commission", "publisher": "Southern Environmental Law Center", "url": "https://www.selc.org/?p=44823", "date": "2026-10-14", "type": "other" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-10-19" }, { "slug": "vantage-frontier-shackelford-county-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/vantage-frontier-shackelford-county-tx", "name": "Vantage Frontier Campus", "aka": [ "Stargate Shackelford County" ], "city": "Albany", "county": "Shackelford County", "state": "TX", "lat": 32.735, "lng": -99.3, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Epoch AI imagery (Sept 2026) shows five building shells; Vantage targeted first building for 2H 2026, Epoch projects Aug 2027", "developer": "Vantage Data Centers", "endUsers": [ "OpenAI", "Oracle" ], "summary": "Frontier is Vantage Data Centers' planned 1.4 GW, 10-building, $25 billion campus on about 1,200 acres at Highways 604 and 351 in Shackelford County. OpenAI and Oracle named it a Stargate site in September 2025. The county approved a reinvestment zone and a tax abatement arrangement in July 2025, and Vantage held a groundbreaking in December 2025. As of September 2026 the buildings are still under construction.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1400, "unit": "MW", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1200, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 10, "unit": "data centers", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 3700000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 25000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "company says 'over $25 billion'", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 250, "unit": "jobs", "note": "$25M annual payroll", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 6500, "unit": "workers", "note": "up to 6,500 at peak", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "air and liquid cooling; closed-loop chiller design", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Reinvestment Zone 2025-1; Vantage to pay $10M a year for 10 years in place of property taxes", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "onsite natural gas microgrid, per Epoch AI", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Vantage: first building 2H 2026; Epoch AI projects first building Aug 2027 and completion Nov 2028", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "onsite_generation", "value": "Behind-the-meter gas microgrid using Jenbacher reciprocating engines", "source": "s8", "quote": "The data centers are powered by an onsite, behind-the-meter, gas-powered microgrid utilizing Jenbacher reciprocating engines." }, { "field": "onsite_generation_mw", "value": 700, "unit": "MW", "note": "210 gas generators, as reported citing Business Insider and TCEQ filings", "source": "s9", "quote": "210 industrial gas generators at the Shackelford County site, with a combined capacity of 700 megawatts" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 700, "unit": "acres", "note": "Oracle fact sheet figure; conflicts with the 1,200 acres in the record", "source": "s8", "quote": "The campus will be home to 10 buildings on 700 acres totaling 3.7 million square feet." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Shackelford County Commissioners unanimously approved the project on July 21, 2025", "source": "s3", "quote": "On July 21st, the Shackleford County Commissioners gave unanimous approval for the project." }, { "field": "abatement_years", "value": 10, "unit": "years", "note": "Ten-year arrangement of $10 million annual payments in lieu of property taxes", "source": "s2", "quote": "it will make $10 million in annual payments to the county in lieu of property taxes" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "As many as 10 college scholarships a year for Shackelford County students over the life of the project, in addition to $10 million annual payments in lieu of taxes", "source": "s2", "quote": "Up to 10 college scholarships per year for Shackelford County students, continuing for the life of the project." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-07-21", "event": "Shackelford County Commissioners unanimously approve reinvestment zone and accept Vantage abatement application", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-08-01", "event": "Land clearing begins, per Epoch AI", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2025-08-19", "event": "Vantage announces $25B Frontier campus", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-09-23", "event": "OpenAI and Oracle name Shackelford County a Stargate site", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-12-15", "event": "Vantage holds groundbreaking ceremony", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-01", "event": "Steel framing begins, per Epoch AI", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-09-03", "event": "Satellite imagery shows Buildings 1-5 shells complete and roofed", "source": "s6" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Vantage Data Centers Unveils Plans for \"Frontier,\" a $25B Mega-campus in Texas to Meet Unprecedented AI Demand", "publisher": "Vantage Data Centers", "url": "https://vantage-dc.com/news/vantage-data-centers-unveils-plans-for-frontier-a-25b-mega-campus-in-texas-to-meet-unprecedented-ai-demand/", "date": "2025-08-19", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Data center plans move forward in Shackelford County", "publisher": "The Albany News", "url": "https://www.thealbanynews.net/news/data-center-plans-move-forward-shackelford-county", "date": "2025-07-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Albany businesses brace for change as data center construction set to boost local economy", "publisher": "KTXS", "url": "https://ktxs.com/news/new-data-center-expected-to-create-250-full-time-jobs-in-shackelford-county", "date": "2025-08-01", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "OpenAI, Oracle, and SoftBank expand Stargate with five new AI data center sites", "publisher": "OpenAI", "url": "https://openai.com/index/five-new-stargate-sites/", "date": "2025-09-23", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Vantage breaks ground on Texas gigawatt data center campus for OpenAI", "publisher": "DCD", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/vantage-breaks-ground-on-texas-gigawatt-data-center-campus-for-openai/", "date": "2025-12-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "OpenAI Stargate Shackelford | AI Data Centers", "publisher": "Epoch AI", "url": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/openai-stargate-shackelford", "date": "2026-09-21", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "OpenAI Stargate: where the US sites stand", "publisher": "Epoch AI", "url": "https://epochai.substack.com/p/openai-stargate-where-the-us-sites", "date": "2026-04-20", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Oracle Fact Sheet: Stargate Data Centers", "publisher": "Oracle (posted by Office of Rep. Jodey Arrington)", "url": "https://arrington.house.gov/uploadedfiles/final_oracle_oai_data_center_fact_sheet_092225b.pdf", "type": "company", "date": "2025-09-23" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Oracle and OpenAI's New Off-Grid Data Center in Texas to Run on 700MW Natural Gas Microgrid", "publisher": "Construction Owners", "url": "https://www.constructionowners.com/news/oracle-and-openai-to-power-new-texas-data-center-off-the-grid", "type": "news", "date": "2025-10-24" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "saline-township-mi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/saline-township-mi", "name": "Saline Township Stargate Data Center", "aka": [ "The Barn" ], "city": "Saline Township", "county": "Washtenaw County", "state": "MI", "lat": 42.11667, "lng": -83.81667, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Proceeding under Oct. 2025 consent judgment after township denied rezoning; AG appeal of MPSC power-contract approval pending", "developer": "Related Digital", "endUsers": [ "Oracle", "OpenAI" ], "summary": "A $16 billion, 1,383 MW data center campus of three single-story buildings on farmland in Saline Township, Washtenaw County, developed by Related Digital for Oracle and OpenAI's Stargate effort. The township board denied rezoning in September 2025, but a consent judgment settling Related's exclusionary-zoning lawsuit let the project proceed, and construction began in November 2025. The MPSC approved DTE's power contracts in December 2025; Attorney General Dana Nessel and environmental groups are appealing.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1383, "unit": "MW", "note": "Contracted load under DTE special contracts (MPSC case U-21990)", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 16000000000, "source": "s2" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 575, "unit": "acres", "note": "Rezoned farmland; 250-acre data center footprint; Fortune described a 1,000-acre campus", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 3, "source": "s2" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 1650000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "Three 550,000-sq-ft buildings per Oracle; Fortune reported 21 million sq ft", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 450, "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 2500, "source": "s2" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Closed-loop, air-cooled; consent judgment bans water-intensive evaporative cooling", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "DTE Electric", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "DTE existing resources plus 1,383 MW of DTE-owned battery storage", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "utility_docket", "value": "MPSC Case No. U-21990", "source": "s4", "quote": "DTE Electric subsequently filed an application for approval of the special contracts in Case No. U-21990." }, { "field": "grid_operator", "value": "MISO", "note": "MPSC order requires DTE to analyze the data center's load using MISO loss-of-load results", "source": "s4", "quote": "Provide a updated analysis in its next capacity demonstration showing the impact of the data center's load on the utility's capacity requirements under direct loss of load methodology using the Midcontinent Independent System Operator Inc.'s most recent indicative direct loss of load results." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "14 diesel-fired emergency generators and 1 diesel fire water pump", "source": "s8", "quote": "the only sources of emissions will be 14 diesel-fired emergency generators and 1 diesel" }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "EGLE air quality permit issued Jan. 13, 2026 for 14 diesel backup generators and one diesel firewater pump", "source": "s9", "quote": "The EGLE air quality permit issued Jan. 13 allows for the installation of 14 diesel backup generators and one diesel firewater pump for use during fire emergencies." }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 20000, "unit": "gallons per day", "note": "Anticipated facility use per township FAQ", "source": "s8", "quote": "the facility will use roughly 20,000 gallons a day" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "On-site well with its own waste treatment system", "source": "s10", "quote": "Water at the site will not be used for cooling, and the facility will have its own well and waste treatment system." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "PA 198 industrial facilities property tax abatement (up to 50% reduction in real and personal property taxes), subject to State Tax Commission approval", "source": "s8", "quote": "industrial property tax abatements can amount to a 50% reduction in both real and personal property taxes for the duration of the abatement period. The Township has agreed to approve the abatement for a period of 12 years." }, { "field": "abatement_years", "value": 12, "unit": "years", "source": "s8", "quote": "The Township has agreed to approve the abatement for a period of 12 years." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Settlement includes a township farmland preservation trust fund ($4 million), a community investment fund ($2 million), area fire services funding ($8 million) and a decommissioning fund", "source": "s10", "quote": "The deal includes $4 million for a township farmland preservation trust fund; $2 million for a community investment fund; $8 million for area fire services; protections for area water resources; and a decommissioning fund for the facility." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09", "event": "Planning commission and township board (4-1) reject rezoning", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-09-12", "event": "Related Digital and landowners sue township alleging exclusionary zoning", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-10-15", "event": "Consent judgment filed in Washtenaw County Circuit Court allowing project to proceed", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-10-17", "event": "EGLE issues a permit waiver allowing Related Digital to begin installing generators before the final air permit.", "source": "s9" }, { "date": "2025-10-30", "event": "OpenAI, Oracle and Related Digital announce Stargate site", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-11", "event": "Construction begins", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-12-18", "event": "MPSC approves DTE contracts with Oracle subsidiary Green Chile Ventures, with conditions", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-01-13", "event": "EGLE issues the air quality permit for 14 diesel backup generators and a diesel firewater pump.", "source": "s9" }, { "date": "2026-01-16", "event": "EGLE issues a wetlands permit allowing a stream disturbance, culvert and three stormwater structures.", "source": "s9" }, { "date": "2026-01-28", "event": "Residents file a mandamus complaint in Washtenaw County Circuit Court alleging the Zoning Board of Appeals failed to hold a required hearing on a data center permit.", "source": "s11" }, { "date": "2026-02-20", "event": "Washtenaw County judge denies a resident's motion to intervene in the consent judgment.", "source": "s11" }, { "date": "2026-04-17", "event": "AG Dana Nessel appeals MPSC approval to Michigan Court of Appeals", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-04-28", "event": "Financing secured (Related Digital, Blackstone-affiliated funds, PIMCO-managed accounts)", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-06-01", "event": "Partners and Gov. Whitmer celebrate construction; first building nearing completion", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-08-10", "event": "Nessel and environmental groups file initial briefs in consolidated appeal", "source": "s7" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Project proceeded despite township's rejection of rezoning, via court settlement (s1)", "AG and environmental groups say MPSC approval was rushed and ex parte, with redacted contracts and risk to ratepayers (s6, s7)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "A Michigan farm town voted down plans for a giant OpenAI-Oracle data center. Weeks later, construction began", "publisher": "Fortune", "url": "https://fortune.com/2026/05/06/ai-data-center-michigan-saline-politics-farmland/", "date": "2026-05-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "$16 billion data center campus in Saline Township secures financing, construction underway", "publisher": "CBS Detroit", "url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/detroit/news/saline-township-related-digital-data-center-financing-construction/", "date": "2026-04-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Township in Michigan settles lawsuit, allows data center project to proceed", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/township-in-michigan-settles-lawsuit-allows-data-center-project-to-proceed/", "date": "2025-10-30", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "MPSC approves DTE Electric energy contracts for data center with conditions to strengthen protections for other customers", "publisher": "Michigan Public Service Commission", "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/mpsc/commission/news-releases/2025/12/18/mpsc-approves-dte-electric-energy-contracts-for-data-center", "date": "2025-12-18", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Oracle, Related Digital, Blackstone, OpenAI, Walbridge and Governor Whitmer Celebrate Construction of Stargate Campus in Saline Township", "publisher": "Oracle", "url": "https://www.oracle.com/news/announcement/related-digital-oracle-openai-walbridge-and-governor-whitmer-celebrate-construction-of-stargate-campus-in-saline-township-2026-06-01/", "date": "2026-06-01", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "AG Nessel Files Appeal of MPSC Approval of DTE's Saline Data Center Contracts", "publisher": "Michigan Department of Attorney General", "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/ag/news/press-releases/2026/04/17/ag-nessel-files-appeal-of-mpsc-approval-of-dtes-saline-data-center-contracts", "date": "2026-04-17", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Nessel and environmental groups file initial arguments in appeal of DTE Saline data center contract", "publisher": "Michigan Advance", "url": "https://michiganadvance.com/2026/08/10/nessel-and-environmental-groups-file-initial-arguments-in-appeal-of-dte-saline-data-center-contract/", "date": "2026-08-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Saline Township Data Center Project Information and Frequently Asked Questions", "publisher": "Saline Township", "url": "https://salinetownship.org/go.php?id=731&table=page_uploads", "type": "government", "date": "2026-01-28" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "State allowed Saline data center construction before final air quality permit approval", "publisher": "Planet Detroit", "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/02/saline-data-center-air-wetlands-permits/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-02-24" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Saline Township settles with data center developer: 'Lesser of two evils'", "publisher": "Planet Detroit", "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2025/10/saline-data-center-settlement/", "type": "news", "date": "2025-10-21" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "Judge denies Saline Township resident's move to intervene in data center settlement", "publisher": "Planet Detroit", "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/02/judge-denies-data-center-intervention/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-02-20" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "port-washington-lighthouse-wi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/port-washington-lighthouse-wi", "name": "Port Washington (Lighthouse) Data Center Campus", "aka": [ "Lighthouse" ], "city": "Port Washington", "county": "Ozaukee County", "state": "WI", "lat": 43.39333, "lng": -87.88111, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Groundbreaking Dec. 2025; ATC refiled its grid-connection application Sept. 14, 2026 after regulators ordered a restart", "developer": "Vantage Data Centers", "endUsers": [ "OpenAI", "Oracle" ], "summary": "A $15 billion, four-building data center campus on 672 acres on the north side of Port Washington, Wisconsin, developed by Vantage Data Centers for OpenAI and Oracle's Stargate effort. Vantage lists 902 MW of critical IT load; local reporting cites 1.3 GW initially and up to 3.5 GW in later phases. Construction began in December 2025; in August 2026 state regulators sent ATC's $1.3 billion-plus transmission project back for a new application, which ATC refiled in September 2026, and Oracle is litigating PSC credit/collateral rules.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1300, "unit": "MW", "note": "1.3 GW initially, up to 3.5 GW in later phases, per BizTimes", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "it_mw", "value": 902, "unit": "MW", "note": "Critical IT load per Vantage", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 672, "unit": "acres", "note": "DNR says Vantage owns 1,644 acres in the area", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 4, "source": "s4" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 2500000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 15000000000, "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 1000, "note": "300 Vantage employees plus 700 tenant employees after completion", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 4000, "note": "Peak of 4,000+ skilled construction workers over a three-year build, per Vantage/Building Trades release", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 10000, "unit": "gal/day", "note": "Up to 10,000 gallons daily for cooling, per BizTimes", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Air-cooled and liquid-to-liquid systems with closed-loop chilled water (developer says WUE near zero)", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Developer says 70% of campus power from solar, wind and battery storage, with renewable purchases matching the rest", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "We Energies (transmission by American Transmission Co.)", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "2028 (Vantage); We Energies CEO said launch on track for late 2027", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "WDNR minor source construction permit 25-MIN-094 and initial operation permit 24618528A-F01 issued June 12, 2026 for 45 diesel-fired emergency generators", "source": "s1", "quote": "On June 12, 2026, the DNR issued a minor source air pollution control construction permit (25-MIN-094) and initial operation permit (24618528A-F01) for 45 diesel-fired emergency generators." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": 45, "unit": "diesel-fired emergency generators", "source": "s1", "quote": "On June 12, 2026, the DNR issued a minor source air pollution control construction permit (25-MIN-094) and initial operation permit (24618528A-F01) for 45 diesel-fired emergency generators." }, { "field": "utility_docket", "value": "PSCW docket 137-CE-229 (ATC Ozaukee County Distribution Interconnection Project)", "note": "ATC grid-connection project serving the campus", "source": "s9", "quote": "The project is subject to approval by the PSCW. Additional information about the proposed project can be found on the PSCW website under docket number 137-CE-229." }, { "field": "utility_docket", "value": "PSCW docket 6630-TE-113 (We Energies very large customer tariff; decision of May 21, 2026, challenged by Oracle)", "source": "s10", "quote": "Oracle America Cloud Services LLC (\"Oracle\" or \"Petitioner\") petitions for review of the Public Service Commission of Wisconsin's (\"Commission\" or \"Respondent\") May 21, 2026 decision in Commission Docket No. 6630-TE-113." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Tax Incremental District No. 5: Vantage pays upfront for about $175 million in infrastructure (water and sewer main extensions, road improvements), reimbursed through the TID, which stays open up to 20 years or until Vantage is repaid", "source": "s11", "quote": "Vantage will pay upfront for an estimated $175 million in infrastructure improvements for the project — including water and sewer main extensions and road improvements — through the newly created TID." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Port Washington Common Council unanimously approved resolution creating Tax Incremental District No. 5 for the campus (November 2025)", "source": "s11", "quote": "The Port Washington Common Council unanimously approved a resolution Tuesday to create Tax Incremental District, or TID, No. 5 for the data center campus." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01", "event": "Port Washington city officials discuss a potential data center development with Cloverleaf Infrastructure.", "source": "s14" }, { "date": "2025-08-19", "event": "Common Council approves Final Development Agreement with Vantage Data Centers", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-10-30", "event": "Vantage and Wisconsin Building Trades Council announce labor partnership for $15B+ campus", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2025-11", "event": "Port Washington Common Council unanimously approves creation of Tax Incremental District No. 5 for the data center campus", "source": "s11" }, { "date": "2025-12-11", "event": "DNR issues WEPA compliance determination, wetland exemptions and stormwater coverage", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-12-17", "event": "Groundbreaking held as construction begins", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-04-07", "event": "Port Washington voters approve a referendum requiring voter approval of future large TIDs; it does not affect the TID already approved for the data center", "source": "s12" }, { "date": "2026-04-14", "event": "DNR public hearing on air permit (comment period Mar. 3-Apr. 14)", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-06-12", "event": "DNR issues air construction and operation permits for 45 diesel emergency generators", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-06-19", "event": "Oracle files petition in Ozaukee County Circuit Court seeking review of the PSC's data center tariff decision", "source": "s10" }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "Oracle credit rating falls to BBB-; PSC rejects We Energies request to reconsider collateral rules; Oracle challenges rules in Ozaukee County Circuit Court", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-08-07", "event": "PSC requires ATC to restart its application for the $1.3B+ transmission line and five substations serving the campus", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-08-17", "event": "Oracle moves to voluntarily drop its Ozaukee County Circuit Court lawsuit challenging the Wisconsin PSC's credit rating requirements for data center developers", "source": "s13", "quote": "Oracle moved to voluntarily drop its lawsuit against Wisconsin's utility regulator on Monday" }, { "date": "2026-09-14", "event": "ATC refiles its application for the grid upgrades serving the campus, dropping a Trenton-Saukville line segment and restarting the PSC's six-month review", "source": "s8" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Oracle America Cloud Services LLC v. Public Service Commission of Wisconsin", "court": "Ozaukee County Circuit Court (Case No. 2026CV000256)", "filed": "2026-06-19", "status": "withdrawn", "summary": "Oracle seeks judicial review of the PSC's May 21, 2026 decision in docket 6630-TE-113 modifying We Energies' proposed financial support requirements for very large customers, citing its Lighthouse campus in Port Washington. Oracle moved to voluntarily drop the suit on Aug. 17, 2026.", "source": "s10", "quote": "In partnership with Vantage Data Centers Wisco Acquisition Company LLC (\"Vantage\") and OpenAI, Oracle is developing the Lighthouse Data Center Campus in Port Washington, Ozaukee County, Wisconsin, a nearly one-gigawatt data center campus that will span approximately 672 acres and feature four large data center buildings" } ], "issues": [ "Oracle is suing over PSC rules requiring AAA- credit or collateral from data center customers, which could cost it over $100 million a year (s7)", "ATC grid-connection project delayed after PSC reset its 180-day review; December 2027 deadline described as in question (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Port Washington Data Center Proposal", "publisher": "Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources", "url": "https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/topic/EIA/Portwashington.html", "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Groundbreaking held as construction begins on $15 billion Port Washington data center", "publisher": "BizTimes Milwaukee", "url": "https://biztimes.com/groundbreaking-held-as-construction-begins-on-15b-port-washington-data-center/", "date": "2025-12-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Data Center Project", "publisher": "City of Port Washington", "url": "https://www.portwashingtonwi.gov/Home/Components/News/News/553/15", "date": "2025", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Port Washington (Lighthouse) Data Center Campus", "publisher": "Vantage Data Centers", "url": "https://vantage-dc.com/data-center-locations/north-america/port-washington-wisconsin", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Vantage Data Centers and Wisconsin Building Trades Council Partner to Build Port Washington Data Center Development", "publisher": "Business Wire", "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20251030060561/en", "date": "2025-10-30", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Wisconsin regulators send ATC back to the drawing board on data center connection project", "publisher": "Wisconsin Watch", "url": "https://wisconsinwatch.org/2026/08/wisconsin-psc-regulators-data-center-connection-project-atc-back-to-drawing-board-port-washington/", "date": "2026-08-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "We Energies says Oracle dispute won't derail Port Washington data center", "publisher": "Milwaukee Neighborhood News Service", "url": "https://milwaukeenns.org/2026/08/04/wisconsin-we-energies-oracle-dispute-port-washington-data-center-on-schedule-legal-challenge-credit-rating/", "date": "2026-08-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "ATC restarts push for grid upgrades serving Port Washington data center", "publisher": "Wisconsin Watch", "url": "https://wisconsinwatch.org/2026/09/wisconsin-port-washington-data-center-atc-restarts-push-grid-upgrades-transmission-utility/", "date": "2026-09-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Ozaukee County Distribution Interconnection Project", "publisher": "American Transmission Co.", "url": "https://www.atcllc.com/project/ozaukee-county-distribution-interconnection/", "type": "utility", "date": "2026-09" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Oracle America Cloud Services LLC v. Public Service Commission of Wisconsin, petition for review, Case No. 2026CV000256", "publisher": "Ozaukee County Circuit Court (via WPR)", "url": "https://www.wpr.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2026CV256.pdf", "type": "court", "date": "2026-06-19" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "Port Washington council approves TID for $15B data center campus as residents continue to speak out", "publisher": "WPR", "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/port-washington-council-approves-tid", "type": "news", "date": "2025-11-05" }, { "id": "s12", "title": "Port Washington voters approve TID referendum", "publisher": "WUWM", "url": "https://www.wuwm.com/port-washington-tid-tax-incremental-financing-districts-referendum-april-election", "type": "news", "date": "2026-04-08" }, { "id": "s13", "title": "Oracle drops lawsuit challenging Wisconsin data center credit rules", "publisher": "Wisconsin Watch", "url": "https://wisconsinwatch.org/2026/08/oracle-drops-lawsuit-challenging-wisconsin-data-center-credit-rules/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-08-17" }, { "id": "s14", "title": "Port Washington data center annexation", "publisher": "The Daily Reporter", "url": "https://dailyreporter.com/2025/01/24/port-washington-data-center-annexation/", "date": "2025-01-24", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-24" }, { "slug": "project-arrowhead-irwin-county-ga", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-arrowhead-irwin-county-ga", "name": "Project Arrowhead", "aka": [ "Irwin Forward Tech Park", "DRI 4689" ], "city": null, "county": "Irwin County", "state": "GA", "lat": 31.6, "lng": -83.25, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "In state Development of Regional Impact review since April 2026; no county commission vote as of the last source; Georgia Power energy study under way", "developer": "Premier Data Center Development, LLC", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Project Arrowhead is a proposed 18-building, 4.22 million square foot data center campus in western Irwin County, Georgia, near Pinetta Church Road and Ponderosa Road. Irwin County filed it as a Development of Regional Impact on April 10, 2026, listing a peak electric load of 1.25 GW. The filing names no anchor tenant, and the regional commission recorded citizen comments that were all opposed.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1250, "unit": "MW", "note": "peak electricity need in the DRI report; Georgia Power is conducting an energy study", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 4220000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 18, "unit": "buildings", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1205, "unit": "acres", "note": "regional commission parcel list totals about 1,205 acres; the DRI application cites 1,066 acres (WWALS, Vesper)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 6000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "estimated construction cost per regional commission report, which also prints it as $600,000,000 in one place", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 200, "unit": "jobs", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 50000, "unit": "gpd", "note": "0.05 million gallons per day from an on-site Floridan Aquifer well", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Floridan Aquifer, on-site well", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Georgia Power", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Phase 1 in 2030 and full build-out in 2034, per Vesper OSINT reading of the DRI", "source": "s3" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-02-25", "event": "Premier Data Center Development, LLC is formed with the Georgia Secretary of State", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-02-26", "event": "Ocilla-Irwin Planning Advisory Commission votes 4-0 to recommend a related special-use request; the applicant withdraws it March 2", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-04-10", "event": "Irwin County submits the project as DRI #4689 to the Georgia Department of Community Affairs", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-05-11", "event": "Comment deadline for regional review", "source": "s1" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents at a February hearing raised cooling water, noise and traffic concerns (s3)", "The regional commission reported that all fifteen citizen comments it received opposed the project (s1)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Project Arrowhead Data Center Irwin Co. DRI", "publisher": "Southern Georgia Regional Commission (via WWALS)", "url": "https://wwals.net/pictures/2026-04-24-dri-irwin-county-project-arrowhead/Project-Arrowhead-Data-Center-Irwin-Co.-DRI-04242026-USE.pdf", "date": "2026-04-24", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Project Arrowhead Datacenter DRI application, Irwin County, GA", "publisher": "WWALS Watershed Coalition", "url": "https://wwals.net/2026/04/11/project-arrowhead-datacenter-dri-application-irwin-county-ga-2026-04-10/", "date": "2026-04-11", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Project Arrowhead: Inside Irwin County, Georgia's Data Center Fight", "publisher": "Vesper OSINT", "url": "https://vesperosint.substack.com/p/project-arrowhead-inside-irwin-county", "date": "2026-04", "type": "other" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-10-15" }, { "slug": "prometheus-hyperscale-evanston-wy", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/prometheus-hyperscale-evanston-wy", "name": "Prometheus Hyperscale Evanston Campus", "aka": [ "Atlas Industrial Park" ], "city": "Evanston", "county": "Uinta County", "state": "WY", "lat": 41.2683, "lng": -110.9632, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Uinta County approved the data center conditional use permit in June 2026 and a permit for the power facility in September 2026", "developer": "Prometheus Hyperscale", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Prometheus Hyperscale plans a 1.25-gigawatt data center campus on 506 acres near Evanston, Wyoming, with power generated on-site from natural gas engines and turbines as an islanded microgrid. In June 2026 the Uinta County Commission unanimously granted the conditional use permit, subject to 15 conditions, and in September 2026 it approved a conditional use permit for the project's independent power production facility.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1250, "unit": "MW", "note": "designed for 1.25 GW initial capacity; company describes a development path to 5 GW", "source": "s1", "quote": "The vote represents a significant permitting milestone for the 506-acre site, which is designed for 1.25 GW of initial capacity with a development path to 5 GW." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 506, "unit": "acres", "source": "s2", "quote": "The company says it's located on 506 acres that founder Trenton Thornock's family has ranched for six generations." }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "natural gas (mostly); founder wants to add nuclear eventually", "source": "s2", "quote": "But he said most of its power will come from natural gas, a readily available and relatively clean fossil fuel. Thornock eventually wants to tap nuclear energy too." }, { "field": "onsite_generation", "value": "natural gas engines and turbines operated as a fully islanded microgrid", "source": "s3", "quote": "Prometheus said the Evanston campus will operate as a fully islanded microgrid, generating power on-site through natural gas engines and turbines." }, { "field": "grid_operator", "value": "none (off-grid)", "note": "company says the campus will not connect to the public utility grid", "source": "s1", "quote": "The Evanston campus will operate as a fully islanded microgrid, generating power on-site through high-efficiency natural gas engines and turbines with no draw on the public utility grid" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "private on-site well", "source": "s2", "quote": "A private, on-site well will supply the data center's plumbing, but Prometheus says it will cool the servers with a water-glycol mixture that lasts six years before it must be changed out." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "water-glycol mixture", "note": "company says the mixture lasts six years before it must be changed out", "source": "s2", "quote": "A private, on-site well will supply the data center's plumbing, but Prometheus says it will cool the servers with a water-glycol mixture that lasts six years before it must be changed out." }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 3800, "note": "temporary construction jobs, per developer presentation", "source": "s5", "quote": "This project will create 3,800 temporary construction jobs" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 200, "note": "long-term jobs, per developer presentation", "source": "s5", "quote": "200 long-term jobs for facility technicians, network and data center operations staff" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Uinta County Commission unanimously granted the conditional use permit, subject to 15 conditions", "source": "s4", "quote": "Ultimately, the commission unanimously approved the conditional use permit with 15 conditions that the developer must meet." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Atlas Industrial Park Subdivision rezoned from agricultural to industrial use", "source": "s7", "quote": "In June, the Uinta County Board of County Commissioners approved a zone change from agricultural to industrial use for the Atlas Industrial Park Subdivision." }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Construction anticipated to begin within six months of final permitting; full 1.25 GW expected to be built in phases over 48 to 60 months (per company)", "source": "s1", "quote": "Construction is anticipated to begin within six months of final permitting, with the full 1.25 GW campus expected to be built out in phases over 48 to 60 months." }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 250, "note": "up to 250 power facility construction jobs", "source": "s8", "quote": "Up to 250 power facility construction jobs — electricians, iron workers, pipe fitters" }, { "field": "noise_limit_dba", "value": 60, "unit": "dBA", "note": "Permit condition: at the project boundary during the operational phase, with a commercially reasonable attempt to reach 50 dBA", "source": "s4", "quote": "Permittee will ensure emissions at the project boundary of no greater than 60 dBAs [decibels] during the post construction/ operational phase with a commercially reasonable attempt to obtain 50 dBAs" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2020", "event": "The company initially planned a 120 MW campus on the site", "source": "s3", "quote": "The Wyoming-based company initially planned to develop a 120MW campus on the site back in 2020." }, { "date": "2026-05", "event": "Uinta County planning commission unanimously recommends zoning and conditional use permit approvals", "source": "s5", "quote": "voted unanimously Wednesday to recommend zoning and conditional use permit approvals" }, { "date": "2026-06-16", "event": "An industrial subdivision rezone for the project is approved at a meeting in Lyman", "source": "s4", "quote": "The decision follows approval of an industrial subdivision rezone during a June 16 meeting in Lyman." }, { "date": "2026-06-16", "event": "Uinta County Board of Commissioners unanimously approves the data center conditional use permit", "source": "s1", "quote": "LYMAN, WY - June 17, 2026 — Prometheus Hyperscale yesterday received unanimous Conditional Use Permit approval from the Uinta County Board of Commissioners for its flagship data center campus near Evanston, Wyoming." }, { "date": "2026-07-16", "event": "Three residents petition for review of Uinta County’s permits for the data center, alleging that county commissioners and developers held meetings without advertising them and did not disclose potential family conflicts of interest", "source": "s9", "quote": "The petition, filed July 16 by Christy Katzl, Wilhelm Katzl and Marijke Rossi, accused Uinta County commissioners and developers of holding unadvertised meetings and failing to disclose potential familial conflicts of interest" }, { "date": "2026-08-17", "event": "Judge James Kaste dismisses the petition, ruling the petitioners did not respond to a motion to dismiss in time and did not show how they would be personally harmed", "source": "s9", "quote": "Judge James Kaste ruled petitioners failed to respond to a motion to dismiss the review in a timely fashion and didn't sufficiently show how they'd be personally harmed by the data center." }, { "date": "2026-09", "event": "Uinta County commissioners approve a conditional use permit for the project's independent power production facility", "source": "s8", "quote": "The Uinta County commissioners this week approved data center developer Prometheus Hyperscale's conditional use permit for an independent power production" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Permit conditions include beginning construction within five years, a 60 dBA noise limit at the project boundary, and public reporting of annual on-site well water consumption for 10 years (s4)", "The developer says ongoing water use, mainly for bathrooms and offices, will be about 15 homes' worth and that no water will be drawn from Uinta County's system (s6)", "Some residents presented petitions opposing the permit, citing environmental and financial concerns; others spoke in support (s4, s6)", "The power facility is to be phased in five stages to match the data center's power needs (s8)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Prometheus Hyperscale Secures Unanimous Conditional Use Permit Approval from Uinta County Commissioners", "publisher": "Prometheus Hyperscale", "url": "https://www.prometheushyperscale.com/news/prometheus-hyperscale-secures-unanimous-conditional-use-permit-approval-from-uinta-county-commissioners", "date": "2026-06-17", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "1.25GW data center approved on ranchland near Evanston, Wyoming", "publisher": "KPCW", "url": "https://www.kpcw.org/state-regional/2026-06-19/1-25gw-data-center-approved-on-ranchland-near-evanston-wyoming", "date": "2026-06-19", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Prometheus Hyperscale secures planning approval for gigawatt data center campus in Wyoming", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/prometheus-hyperscale-secures-planning-approval-for-gigawatt-data-center-campus-in-wyoming/", "date": "2026-06-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Uinta County data center moves forward", "publisher": "WyoFile (Uinta County Herald)", "url": "https://wyofile.com/uinta-county-data-center-moves-forward/", "date": "2026-06-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Uinta County Planners Give Unanimous OK To 1.25-Gigawatt Prometheus Data Center", "publisher": "Cowboy State Daily", "url": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2026/05/28/uinta-county-planners-give-unanimous-ok-to-1-25-gigawatt-prometheus-data-center/", "date": "2026-05-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Uinta County OKs Huge Data Center, Some Fear They'll Get Left 'Holding The Bag'", "publisher": "Cowboy State Daily", "url": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2026/06/17/uinta-county-oks-massive-prometheus-data-center-as-residents-remain-split/", "date": "2026-06-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Pitching 940-acre data center, Prometheus Hyperscale asks Natrona County to bypass state review", "publisher": "WyoFile (Oil City News)", "url": "https://wyofile.com/pitching-940-acre-data-center-prometheus-hyperscale-asks-natrona-county-to-bypass-state-review/", "date": "2026-09-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Uinta County approves permit for incoming data center's power grid", "publisher": "Wyoming News (via NewsBreak)", "url": "https://www.newsbreak.com/wyoming-news-1591703/4892448866196-uinta-county-approves-permit-for-incoming-data-center-s-power-grid", "date": "2026-09-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Prometheus Pushes Ahead On $32B Wyoming Data Centers As Legal Challenge Fades", "publisher": "Cowboy State Daily", "url": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2026/08/25/prometheus-pushes-ahead-on-32b-wyoming-data-centers-as-legal-challenge-fades/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-08-25" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-10-13" }, { "slug": "stillwater-technology-park-lovejoy-ga", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/stillwater-technology-park-lovejoy-ga", "name": "Stillwater Technology Park", "aka": [ "Panhandle Road data center", "Stillwater Lovejoy data center" ], "city": "Lovejoy", "county": "Clayton County", "state": "GA", "lat": 33.43, "lng": -84.31, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "cancelled", "statusNote": "Developer withdrew the proposal in August 2026; Lovejoy banned data centers in September 2026", "developer": "Stillwater Development", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Stillwater Technology Park was a proposed 15-building, 3.5 million square foot data center campus on about 400 acres at 11760 Panhandle Road in Lovejoy, with a planned capacity of 1.25 GW and a stated value of up to $13 billion. Residents opposed it, citing two nearby schools and traffic. The developer withdrew the application at an August 2026 city council session and now plans housing, and the council banned data centers citywide in late September.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1250, "unit": "MW", "note": "planned grid demand at full build-out per Atlanta News First and Hoodline; the AJC reports 1.2 GW", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 3500000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "Central Georgia EMC was to supply power, per the AJC", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 15, "unit": "buildings", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 400, "unit": "acres", "note": "about", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 13000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "up to; valuation at full build-out", "source": "s2" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-12", "event": "Lovejoy rezones the site to allow potential data center development; Stillwater first files plans", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-07-28", "event": "AJC reports the 1.2 GW Stillwater filing and the mayor's traffic concerns for nearby schools", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-08-06", "event": "Developer withdraws the proposal at a special city council session", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-09-28", "event": "Lovejoy council passes an ordinance banning data center construction in the city", "source": "s3" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents and city leaders objected to the site's proximity to two schools and to traffic effects (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Proposal for Clayton County data center withdrawn", "publisher": "Atlanta News First", "url": "https://www.atlantanewsfirst.com/2026/08/07/proposal-clayton-county-data-center-withdrawn/", "date": "2026-08-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Lovejoy kills 400-acre data center plan, vows to ban them for good", "publisher": "Hoodline", "url": "https://hoodline.com/2026/08/lovejoy-kills-400-acre-data-center-plan-vows-to-ban-them-for-good/", "date": "2026-08-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "City of Lovejoy passes ordinance banning data center construction", "publisher": "Atlanta News First", "url": "https://www.atlantanewsfirst.com/2026/09/29/city-lovejoy-passes-ordinance-banning-data-center-construction/", "date": "2026-09-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "OpenAI's $20B data center dominated Georgia headlines, but it wasn't alone", "publisher": "Atlanta Journal-Constitution", "url": "https://www.ajc.com/business/2026/07/openais-20b-data-center-dominated-georgia-headlines-but-it-wasnt-alone/", "date": "2026-07-28", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-10-15" }, { "slug": "stonebridge-fort-meade-polk-county-fl", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/stonebridge-fort-meade-polk-county-fl", "name": "Fort Meade Hyperscale Data Center", "aka": [ "Stonebridge Fort Meade data center" ], "city": "Fort Meade", "county": "Polk County", "state": "FL", "lat": 27.752, "lng": -81.802, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Developer agreement approved April 2026, contingent on a Southwest Florida Water Management District permit", "developer": "Stonebridge", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Maryland-based Stonebridge proposes a $2.6 billion, 4.4 million-square-foot hyperscale data center on a 1,300-acre former phosphate mine in Fort Meade, Polk County, described as Florida's first. Fort Meade commissioners voted 5-0 on April 14, 2026 to approve a 20-year developer agreement, revised to be contingent on a water district permit. Florida's commerce secretary called the proposal fundamentally flawed, and Earthjustice asked the city to reconsider and revoke its approval. Five residents filed two lawsuits against the city in May 2026 challenging the approval.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 2600000000, "source": "s2", "quote": "The proposed project is a $2.6 billion data center spanning 4.4 million square feet on a 1,300-acre former phosphate mine." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 4400000, "note": "initially 1.9 million sq ft, with potential to expand to 4.4 million (s1)", "source": "s2", "quote": "The proposed project is a $2.6 billion data center spanning 4.4 million square feet on a 1,300-acre former phosphate mine." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1300, "unit": "acres", "source": "s2", "quote": "The proposed project is a $2.6 billion data center spanning 4.4 million square feet on a 1,300-acre former phosphate mine." }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1200, "unit": "MW", "note": "stated as an estimated 1.2 gigawatts of electricity required", "source": "s5", "quote": "the facility would require an estimated 1.2 gigawatts of electricity" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 500, "note": "nearly 500 jobs by 2031 (developer-stated)", "source": "s2", "quote": "Developers say the facility could create nearly 500 jobs by 2031." }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 50000, "unit": "gallons/day", "note": "developer projection; initially 140,000 gpd; state officials question the estimate", "source": "s5", "quote": "The project is expected to use about 50,000 gallons of potable water per day, though state officials question that estimate." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Upper Floridan Aquifer (city water)", "source": "s5", "quote": "The water would come from the Upper Floridan Aquifer" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "source": "s2", "quote": "The developer says it has reduced projected water usage from 150,000 gallons to 50,000 gallons using a closed-loop cooling system." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Duke Energy", "source": "s2", "quote": "The facility is expected to be powered by Duke Energy, while Fort Meade residents currently receive power through the Florida Municipal Power Agency." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Fort Meade City Commission voted 5-0 on April 14, 2026 to approve the 20-year developer agreement", "source": "s6", "quote": "The letter draws upon a notice that Fort Meade received from the Southwest Florida Water Management District on April 14, the same day that city commissioners voted 5-0 to approve the agreement." }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "Separate Southwest Florida Water Management District permit required for the city to supply 50,000 gpd; not applied for as of April 29, 2026", "source": "s6", "quote": "As of April 29, Fort Meade had not applied to Swiftmud for a water-use permit related to the data center, a district spokesperson said." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-04", "event": "Fort Meade Planning and Zoning Commission approves the project and sends it to the City Commission", "source": "s1", "quote": "The city's Planning and Zoning Commission voted Tuesday to approve the project, sending it to the full City Commission for a final decision scheduled for April 14." }, { "date": "2026-04", "event": "Florida Commerce Secretary Alex Kelly issues a letter opposing the project", "source": "s4", "quote": "presents significant risks to Central Florida's energy capacity, water resources, and transportation infrastructure." }, { "date": "2026-04-14", "event": "City Commission votes 5-0 to approve the 20-year developer agreement, revised to be contingent on a water district permit", "source": "s6", "quote": "Upon receiving the notice from Swiftmud earlier on April 14, the city revised the development agreement at the City Commission meeting to say it was contingent upon receiving a permit from the water district." }, { "date": "2026-04-24", "event": "Earthjustice, for the Environmental Confederation of Southwest Florida, asks the city to reconsider and revoke its approval", "source": "s6", "quote": "Reichert emailed the letter dated April 24 to city commissioners, with a copy also sent to Fort Meade City Manager Troy Bell." }, { "date": "2026-05-07", "event": "Gov. Ron DeSantis signs Senate Bill 484, which adds state oversight of large data centers, including requirements for large water-use permits", "source": "s7", "quote": "The new law, Senate Bill 484, adds oversight of major data facilities, including requirements for large water-use permits and a statewide study of their impact on Florida's power grid, water resources and communities." }, { "date": "2026-05-14", "event": "Five Fort Meade residents file two lawsuits saying the city did not properly review whether the data center is compatible with the surrounding neighborhood", "source": "s8", "quote": "The suits, filed on May 14, 2026, argue the city never properly reviewed whether the data center project was compatible with the surrounding neighborhood." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Fort Meade residents' petition for writ of certiorari and complaint (Stonebridge approval)", "court": "Tenth Judicial Circuit, Polk County (Nos. 2026CA-002488 and 2026CA-003001)", "filed": "2026-05-14", "status": "pending", "summary": "Five residents challenge the city's approval of the data center, arguing it never properly reviewed whether the project is compatible with the surrounding neighborhood.", "source": "s8", "quote": "The suits, filed on May 14, 2026, argue the city never properly reviewed whether the data center project was compatible with the surrounding neighborhood." } ], "issues": [ "Florida's commerce secretary called the proposal fundamentally flawed and said water projections were woefully underestimated (s4)", "Earthjustice argues the 20-year agreement exceeds the five-year limit in Fort Meade's land development code (s6)", "Roughly 500 residents signed a petition opposing the project (s1)", "Residents raised concerns about noise pollution and environmental impact (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Fort Meade data center proposal advances despite residents' concerns", "publisher": "Spectrum News 13", "url": "https://mynews13.com/fl/orlando/news/2026/04/08/fort-meade-data-center-proposal-advances-despite-resident-concerns", "date": "2026-04-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Fort Meade moves forward with controversial $2.6B data center project despite community opposition", "publisher": "FOX 13 Tampa Bay", "url": "https://www.fox13news.com/news/fort-meade-data-center-project-community-opposition", "date": "2026-04-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Fort Meade commissioners vote unanimously for hyperscale data center", "publisher": "WMNF 88.5 FM", "url": "https://www.wmnf.org/fort-meade-commissioners-vote-unanimously-for-hyperscale-data-center/", "date": "2026-04-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Florida's commerce secretary comes out strongly against proposed AI data center", "publisher": "WUSF", "url": "https://www.wusf.org/economy-business/2026-04-20/florida-commerce-secretary-opposes-proposed-ai-data-center", "date": "2026-04-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Lakeland Watching Fort Meade Data Center as Water Concerns Grow", "publisher": "LkldNow", "url": "https://www.lkldnow.com/lakeland-watching-fort-meade-data-center-as-water-concerns-grow/", "date": "2026-04-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Lawyer asks Fort Meade to revoke data center because of new info", "publisher": "The Ledger (via AOL)", "url": "https://www.aol.com/news/lawyer-asks-fort-meade-revoke-090423030.html", "date": "2026-04-30", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "DeSantis signs new rules for large-scale data centers in Florida amid debate", "publisher": "ABC Action News (tampabay28.com)", "url": "https://www.tampabay28.com/news/region-polk/desantis-signs-new-rules-for-large-scale-data-centers-in-florida-amid-fort-meade-debate", "date": "2026-05-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Fort Meade Residents File Two Lawsuits to Block Stonebridge Data Center as Watchdogs Launch Recall Push", "publisher": "The Citrus Tea", "url": "https://thecitrustea.com/2026/06/23/fort-meade-residents-file-two-lawsuits-to-block-stonebridge-data-center-as-watchdogs-launch-recall-push/", "date": "2026-06-23", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "meramec-valley-technology-park-pacific-mo", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/meramec-valley-technology-park-pacific-mo", "name": "Meramec Valley Technology Park", "aka": [ "Crooked Creek", "Crooked Creek Farm", "BLE Landholdings data center" ], "city": "Pacific", "county": "Franklin County", "state": "MO", "lat": 38.481, "lng": -90.75, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Franklin County Commission voted on September 15, 2026 to approve rezoning of BLE Landholdings' roughly 490-acre site (Commission Order 2026-257), reversing the Planning and Zoning Commission's April 2026 recommendation against approval. A separate, related application at the City of Pacific was withdrawn in August 2026 after the city adopted a one-year data-center moratorium; that withdrawal did not affect the parallel Franklin County rezoning case, which the County Commission ultimately approved. Coordinates shown are for the town of Pacific; the actual site is several miles south, near the end of Phelan Road off Highway O.", "developer": "BLE Landholdings, LLC (Beltline Energy)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "BLE Landholdings, doing business as Beltline Energy, is seeking to build the Meramec Valley Technology Park, a proposed data center campus of up to 16 buildings on about 490 acres near the end of Phelan Road south of Pacific, on land owned by Planning and Zoning Commission member Bill McLaren and his wife Linda. The developer has cited a roughly $16 billion investment and up to 1.2 gigawatts of power at full build-out, cooled in part with reclaimed wastewater from the City of Pacific. Franklin County's Planning and Zoning Commission recommended against the rezoning in April 2026, a related city-level application in Pacific was withdrawn in August 2026 after Pacific adopted a data-center moratorium, and the Franklin County Commission then reversed the planning commission's recommendation and approved the county rezoning on September 15, 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 490, "note": "The county's rezoning order places the parcel off the far end of Phelan Road in Calvey Township, on the north side of Highway O, with most of it south of the Meramec River.", "source": "s9", "quote": "BLE Landholdings, LLC submitted an application requesting the rezoning from the W district to the A district of approximately 490 acres, located at the end of Phelan Road, north of Highway O and mostly south of the Meramec River in the Calvey Township" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 16, "note": "Described by the developer as up to 16 buildings.", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 16000000000, "source": "s2" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1200, "note": "Described by a Beltline Energy representative as up to 1.2 gigawatts of power capacity at full build-out.", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1000, "note": "Described as roughly 1,000 construction jobs annually over a planned 6-to-8-year build-out.", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": "360-500", "note": "Developer describes 360 to 500 full-time permanent positions at six-figure wages; no single point figure has been published.", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Reclaimed wastewater (gray water) from the City of Pacific's wastewater treatment plant, per the developer's proposal", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 1500000, "note": "Projected cooling water use at full build-out, per an industry tracking site summarizing the proposal.", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Phased build-out over roughly six to eight years", "source": "s2" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-01-27", "event": "The City of Pacific holds a community meeting on Beltline Energy's proposed data center campus", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-02-25", "event": "A special Pacific Planning and Zoning Commission meeting ends within minutes after Beltline Energy tables its city-level rezoning request, citing an inability to finalize a funding agreement", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-03-17", "event": "The roughly 11-hour Franklin County Planning and Zoning Commission hearing on both Franklin County data-center proposals draws over 1,000 attendees; a decision is deferred", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-04-21", "event": "Franklin County's Planning and Zoning Commission votes against recommending approval of BLE Landholdings' rezoning request, four in favor to five opposed", "source": "s9", "quote": "the vote of the Planning and Zoning Commission resulting in a vote with four in favor and five opposed, the motion failed and the rezoning was not recommended for approval" }, { "date": "2026-08-07", "event": "BLE Landholdings withdraws its rezoning application at the City of Pacific level, days after Pacific's mayor signs a one-year moratorium on new data-center applications; officials note the site sits in unincorporated Franklin County, where a separate county rezoning case remains open", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-09-15", "event": "The Franklin County Commission votes to approve BLE Landholdings' rezoning request (Commission Order 2026-257), reversing the Planning and Zoning Commission's April recommendation against it, and separately adopts new countywide data-center regulations", "source": "s7", "quote": "IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED by the County Commission that the rezoning request filed by BLE Landholdings, LLC be approved, resulting in the subject property being rezoned from the W district to the A district" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "As of this review, baxtel.com's project listing describes this project as rejected in April 2026 and then withdrawn in August 2026, and does not reflect the Franklin County Commission's September 15, 2026 reversal and approval; the withdrawal it describes applied to a separate, related application at the City of Pacific, not the parallel Franklin County rezoning case the county ultimately approved (s1, s6, s7, s8).", "The land is owned by Bill McLaren, who sits on the Franklin County Planning and Zoning Commission and recused himself from consideration of the rezoning request (s2, s4).", "Officials and residents have cited a Missouri Department of Conservation finding of endangered species in the area adjoining the Meramec River near the site (s7).", "The new countywide data-center regulations adopted the same day measure the required setback from occupied homes rather than from property lines, which some residents said weakens the buffer originally promoted (s7, s8)." ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "BLE Landholdings: Meramec Valley Tech Park", "publisher": "Baxtel", "url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/ble-landholdings-meramec-valley-tech-park", "date": null, "type": "other" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Pacific residents push back on $16B data center pitched for their slice of Franklin County", "publisher": "St. Louis Magazine", "url": "https://www.stlmag.com/business/pacific-data-center-beltline-energy-proposal/", "date": "2026-01-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "County P&Z pushes data center decisions to April after nearly 11-hour meeting", "publisher": "Columbia Missourian / Missourian.com", "url": "https://www.missourian.com/news/county-p-z-pushes-data-center-decisions-to-april-after-nearly-11-hour-meeting/article_dae655df-5b19-48b7-bc7e-baec45174651.html", "date": "2026-03-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Franklin County data center projects return to planning commission Tuesday with frustration about process", "publisher": "First Alert 4 (KMOV)", "url": "https://www.firstalert4.com/2026/03/14/franklin-county-data-center-projects-return-planning-commission-tuesday-with-frustration-about-process/", "date": "2026-03-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Pacific data center rezoning meeting ends abruptly after developer tables request", "publisher": "First Alert 4 (KMOV)", "url": "https://www.firstalert4.com/2026/02/26/pacific-data-center-rezoning-meeting-ends-abruptly-after-developer-withdraws-request/", "date": "2026-02-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Data center plan near Pacific withdrawn on city level, could still continue in Franklin County", "publisher": "Yahoo News (KSDK)", "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/us/articles/data-center-plan-near-pacific-153122632.html", "date": "2026-08-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Franklin County commissioners on the precipice of data center decisions", "publisher": "First Alert 4 (KMOV)", "url": "https://www.firstalert4.com/2026/09/15/franklin-county-commissioners-precipice-data-center-decisions/", "date": "2026-09-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Data centers approved by Franklin County Commissioners in Tuesday vote", "publisher": "First Alert 4 (KMOV)", "url": "https://www.firstalert4.com/2026/09/15/data-centers-approved-by-franklin-county-commissioners-tuesday-vote/", "date": "2026-09-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "County Commission Agenda and Commission Order 2026-257, September 15, 2026", "publisher": "Franklin County, Missouri (franklinmo.gov)", "url": "https://www.franklinmo.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Agenda/_09152026-122", "date": "2026-09-15", "type": "government" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-27" }, { "slug": "project-marvel-bessemer-al", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-marvel-bessemer-al", "name": "Project Marvel", "aka": [ "QTS Bessemer", "Bessemer Hyperscale Data Center" ], "city": "Bessemer", "county": "Jefferson County", "state": "AL", "lat": 33.4, "lng": -86.95, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Rezoning approved Nov. 2025 and expanded to 914 acres in April 2026; residents' rezoning lawsuit dismissed with prejudice June 22, 2026.", "developer": "Logistic Land Investment LLC (TPA Group)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Project Marvel is a $14.5 billion hyperscale data center campus off Rock Mountain Lake Road on Bessemer's rural southwest edge, planned at about 4.5 million sq ft and up to 1,200 MW. The Bessemer City Council approved the rezoning in November 2025 and expanded it to 914 acres for up to 18 buildings in April 2026. QTS confirmed in July 2026 that it is pursuing the campus. A residents' lawsuit over the rezoning was dismissed with prejudice in June 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 14500000000, "source": "s2" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 914, "unit": "acres", "note": "rezoned area after April 2026 expansion; original request was about 700 acres", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 18, "source": "s3" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 4500000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1200, "unit": "MW", "note": "up to 1,200 MW", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "note": "QTS says it will not consume water for cooling once operational", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 2000000, "unit": "gal/day", "note": "Alabama Rivers Alliance says at least 2 million gal/day was requested from Warrior River Water Authority", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "QTS says it will not seek local property tax incentives", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Up to 10 years to complete, per developers", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Bessemer City Council approved rezoning 5-2 on Nov. 18, 2025 (Cleo King and Donna Thigpen opposed)", "source": "s8", "quote": "After the Bessemer City Council voted 5-2 to rezone nearly 700 acres of agricultural land for the \"hyperscale\" server farm, a dissenting council member said city officials who signed non-disclosure agreements weren't being transparent with citizens." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Rezoned from agricultural to light industrial", "source": "s3", "quote": "The Bessemer City Council voted to rezone 914 additional acres, shifting land owned by Logistic Land Investment LLC from agricultural use to light industrial." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Alabama Power", "note": "developer said Alabama Power confirmed about 1.2 gigawatts", "source": "s9", "quote": "\"About 1.2 gigawatts, which is the power confirmation that we've received from Alabama Power,\" said Rashid." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Warrior River Water Authority (with Jefferson County Sewer), per developer; discussions ongoing as of Nov. 2025", "source": "s9", "quote": "He said conversations are ongoing with the Warrior River Water Authority and Jefferson County Sewer to serve the site and that \"there are some capital improvements that need to be made to those systems that will be funded by us as the developer to achieve our utility demand there.\"" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-02", "event": "City officials sign a non-disclosure agreement with the developer (later amended Feb. 2026)", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2025-04", "event": "Nearby residents file a lawsuit in Jefferson County Circuit Court challenging the rezoning", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2025-11-18", "event": "Bessemer City Council gives final approval to the Project Marvel rezoning", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-04-21", "event": "Council approves rezoning of 914 acres, allowing 18 data center structures across an expanded footprint", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-06-22", "event": "Judge David Hobdy dismisses the residents' rezoning lawsuit with prejudice", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-07-01", "event": "QTS confirms plans for the data center campus", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-07-14", "event": "NDA released showing officials had to destroy confidential records when it expires or when the developer asks", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-08", "event": "Two of the five Bessemer City Council members who voted for the Project Marvel rezoning lose their seats in the August municipal elections, according to the Birmingham Free Press", "source": "s10", "quote": "In Bessemer, where a proposed 1,200-megawatt campus known as Project Marvel would consume 90 times more energy than all the city's residences combined, two of five council members who voted for the rezoning lost their seats in August elections." }, { "date": "2026-09-22", "event": "Mayor Kenneth Gulley, who backed Project Marvel, loses the mayoral runoff to former council member Louise Alexander, 54.53% to 45.47%, after an election season the Birmingham Free Press describes as dominated by the project", "source": "s11", "quote": "Bessemer Mayor Kenneth Gulley, a four-term incumbent who backed the city's controversial Project Marvel data center development, lost his bid for a fifth term Tuesday" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Rock Mountain Lake Road residents v. City of Bessemer", "court": "Jefferson County Circuit Court", "filed": "2025-04", "status": "dismissed", "summary": "Nearby residents challenged the Project Marvel rezoning process; Judge David Hobdy granted a joint stipulation of dismissal with prejudice on June 22, 2026.", "source": "s7", "quote": "Jefferson County Circuit Court Judge David Hobdy granted a joint stipulation of dismissal on Monday, June 22, ending more than a year of litigation." } ], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about water, wildlife, noise and local infrastructure (s3)", "Alabama Rivers Alliance warns construction runoff could threaten the Birmingham darter downstream (s6)", "Homeowners alleged arbitrary and capricious spot zoning; the court dismissed their suit without giving a reason in the record (s7)", "Transparency concerns over an NDA that barred officials from disclosing the developer's identity and site plans (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s2", "title": "\"Project Marvel\" data center could come to Bessemer, Alabama", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/project-marvel-data-center-could-come-to-bessemer-alabama/", "date": "2025-11-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Bessemer approves rezoning of 914 acres for 'Project Marvel' data center", "publisher": "ABC 33/40", "url": "https://abc3340.com/news/local/alabama-bessemer-approves-rezoning-of-914-acres-for-project-marvel-data-center-april-2026", "date": "2026-04-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "QTS confirms plans for proposed data center campus in Bessemer", "publisher": "WBRC", "url": "https://www.wbrc.com/2026/07/02/qts-confirms-plans-proposed-data-center-campus-bessemer/", "date": "2026-07-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Document shows Bessemer data center non-disclosure agreement required officials to destroy records", "publisher": "WBHM / Inside Climate News", "url": "https://www.wbhm.org/local-news/2026-07-14/document-shows-bessemer-data-center-non-disclosure-agreement-required-officials-to-destroy-records", "date": "2026-07-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Project Marvel", "publisher": "Alabama Rivers Alliance", "url": "https://alabamarivers.org/project-marvel/", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Bessemer data center rezoning lawsuit dismissed", "publisher": "WBRC", "url": "https://www.wbrc.com/2026/06/25/bessemer-data-center-rezoning-lawsuit-dismissed/", "date": "2026-06-25", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "An Alabama City Council Approves Rezoning for a Massive Data Center, Dividing a Community", "publisher": "Inside Climate News", "url": "https://insideclimatenews.org/news/18112025/alabama-city-council-approves-rezoning-for-massive-data-center/", "type": "news", "date": "2025-11-18" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Bessemer City Council approves rezoning for $14.5 billion data center project despite transparency concerns", "publisher": "WBRC", "url": "https://www.wbrc.com/2025/11/19/bessemer-city-council-approves-149-billion-data-center-project-despite-transparency-concerns/", "type": "news", "date": "2025-11-19" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Redacted: Alabama Power's Data Center Deals and the Numbers Ratepayers Can't See", "publisher": "Birmingham Free Press", "url": "https://birminghamfreepress.com/2026/09/20/redacted-alabama-powers-data-center-deals-and-the-numbers-ratepayers-cant-see/", "date": "2026-09-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "Bessemer Mayor Kenneth Gulley Loses Runoff as $14.5 Billion Data Center Becomes Defining Issue", "publisher": "Birmingham Free Press", "url": "https://birminghamfreepress.com/2026/09/23/bessemer-mayor-kenneth-gulley-loses-runoff-as-14-5-billion-data-center-becomes-defining-issue/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-09-23" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-24" }, { "slug": "stargate-abilene-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/stargate-abilene-tx", "name": "Stargate Abilene", "aka": [ "Stargate One", "Lancium Clean Campus" ], "city": "Abilene", "county": "Taylor County", "state": "TX", "lat": 32.45, "lng": -99.75, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "operating", "statusNote": "Oracle's CEO said on Sep 10, 2026 that 6 of 8 buildings (618 MW, 75% of capacity) were delivered to the customer; Epoch AI estimates all 8 buildings (824 MW) operational by Nov 1, 2026", "developer": "Crusoe", "endUsers": [ "OpenAI", "Oracle" ], "summary": "An eight-building AI data center campus of about 4 million sq ft on Lancium-owned land on Abilene's north side, built by Crusoe for Oracle Cloud Infrastructure and OpenAI as the flagship Stargate site. The campus targets about 1.2 GW; the first two buildings went live in September 2025 and the final building topped out in November 2025. Local officials were told in March 2026 that construction would run through early 2027.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1200, "unit": "MW", "note": "Campus target of about 1.2 GW as reported by DCD (s2). Epoch AI estimates 824 MW of IT power at 8 buildings (s7); Oracle's CEO put 6 buildings at 618 MW, 75% of capacity (s12), which implies about 824 MW total. The figures likely differ in basis (facility vs IT power); the sources do not say. Epoch AI reported OpenAI dropped plans to expand to 2.1 GW (s6)", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 200, "unit": "MW", "note": "200MW+ of IT in two Phase 1 buildings (980,000 sq ft)", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 8, "source": "s2" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 4000000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "Approximate", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 9000, "note": "Roughly 9,000 craft workers on site daily as of March 2026", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop liquid", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Natural gas, wind and solar", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "20-year property tax abatement approved by Taylor County commissioners", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Q1 2027 per March 2026 briefing (DCD reported mid-2026; Epoch AI estimated Q4 2026)", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "grid_operator", "value": "ERCOT", "source": "s8", "quote": "The Abilene data center connects directly to the ERCOT grid, allowing it to primarily draw from the region's robust and growing supply of renewable energy." }, { "field": "onsite_generation_mw", "value": 360, "unit": "MW", "note": "On-site gas plant", "source": "s9", "quote": "The 1,100-acre campus, along with its 360 megawatt on-site gas plant, were among the first hyperscale AI data centers to break ground in Texas." }, { "field": "onsite_generation", "value": "Gas turbines (10 built; developers seek 41 more)", "source": "s9", "quote": "In Abilene, Stargate's developers have already built 10 gas-powered turbines and 62 backup diesel generators and want to add 41 more turbines and 18 more generators to the sprawling site." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "62 backup diesel generators (18 more proposed)", "source": "s9", "quote": "In Abilene, Stargate's developers have already built 10 gas-powered turbines and 62 backup diesel generators and want to add 41 more turbines and 18 more generators to the sprawling site." }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "TCEQ Electric Generating Unit Standard Permit, Registration 177263 (Abilene DC 1, LLC, Longhorn Data Center): modification to five Titan 350 simple-cycle turbines at 38 MW each (and five GE LM2500 turbines at 34.1 MW each)", "source": "s10", "quote": "Reduce the count of Titan 350 simple-cycle turbines from six to five and increase the site-rated power to 38 MW per turbine" }, { "field": "abatement_years", "value": 10, "unit": "years", "note": "City of Abilene: 85% abatement on new improvements and personal property lasting 10 years; each site may receive two consecutive abatements (separate from the Taylor County abatement in the record)", "source": "s11", "quote": "85% abatement on the taxable value of new improvements, repairs, and tangible personal property for 10 years, with two consecutive abatements available per site" }, { "field": "nearest_residence", "value": "A neighboring ranch home is roughly 500 yards from the site's gas power plant", "source": "s9", "quote": "Now, the site's large-scale power plant sits roughly 500 yards from her house — the exhaust stacks of gas-powered turbines clearly visible from her kitchen window." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-06", "event": "Construction begins (Crusoe; DCD reports July 2024)", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-02-11", "event": "Taylor County commissioners vote on preliminary tax agreement for Lancium site amid resident concerns", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-09-30", "event": "Crusoe announces first phase live on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-11", "event": "Crusoe tops out final (eighth) building", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-03-05", "event": "Lancium and Crusoe brief Abilene leaders; construction expected to run through Q1 2027", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-05-23", "event": "Buildings 3-4 become operational, bringing IT power to 412 MW at 4 buildings (Epoch AI estimate from satellite analysis)", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-09-02", "event": "Chamber panel addresses resident concerns over housing, power, water and noise", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-09-10", "event": "On Oracle's Q1 FY2027 earnings call, its CEO said 6 of the 8 Abilene buildings, 618 MW or 75% of total capacity, had been delivered to the customer, and that Oracle delivered about 131,000 GPUs there in the quarter", "source": "s12" }, { "date": "2026-11-01", "event": "Epoch AI estimates all 8 buildings (7-8 estimated) operational, for 824 MW of IT power (Epoch AI estimate)", "source": "s7" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents cite rising rents, grid and electricity-bill concerns, water, noise and lack of transparency (s5)", "Residents questioned tax breaks and environmental impacts at a Feb. 2025 county meeting (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Crusoe Announces Flagship Abilene Data Center is Live", "publisher": "Crusoe", "url": "https://www.crusoe.ai/resources/newsroom/crusoe-announces-flagship-abilene-data-center-is-live", "date": "2025-09-30", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Crusoe tops out final building at OpenAI Stargate data center campus in Abilene, Texas", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/crusoe-tops-out-final-building-at-openai-stargate-data-center-campus-in-abilene-texas/", "date": "2025-11-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Construction on Stargate One data center campus set to run through early 2027", "publisher": "KTXS", "url": "https://ktxs.com/news/local/lancium-crusoe-executives-brief-abilene-leaders-on-major-northside-investment", "date": "2026-03-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Taylor County residents raise concerns on Lancium tax breaks at commissioners meeting", "publisher": "KTXS", "url": "https://ktxs.com/news/local/taylor-county-residents-raise-concerns-on-lancium-tax-breaks-at-commissioners-meeting", "date": "2025-02-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Panel tackles persistent concerns around Abilene's AI boom", "publisher": "KACU", "url": "https://www.kacu.org/local-news/2026-09-02/panel-tackles-persistent-concerns-around-abilenes-ai-boom", "date": "2026-09-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "OpenAI Stargate: where the US sites stand", "publisher": "Epoch AI", "url": "https://epoch.ai/publications/openai-stargate-where-the-us-sites-stand", "date": "2026-04-17", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "OpenAI Stargate Abilene | AI Data Centers", "publisher": "Epoch AI", "url": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/openai-stargate-abilene", "date": "2026-11-01", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Oracle Fact Sheet: Stargate Data Centers", "publisher": "Oracle (posted by Office of Rep. Jodey Arrington)", "url": "https://arrington.house.gov/uploadedfiles/final_oracle_oai_data_center_fact_sheet_092225b.pdf", "type": "company", "date": "2025-09-23" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Planned Texas data centers could emit significant pollution", "publisher": "The Texas Tribune", "url": "https://www.texastribune.org/2026/07/09/texas-data-centers-ai-power-plants-pollution-state-permits/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-07-09" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Electric Generating Unit Standard Permit Technical Review — Abilene DC 1, LLC, Longhorn Data Center (Registration 177263)", "publisher": "Texas Commission on Environmental Quality", "url": "https://records.tceq.texas.gov/cs/idcplg?IdcService=TCEQ_EXTERNAL_SEARCH_GET_FILE&dID=8600163&Rendition=Web", "type": "government", "date": "2025-01-22" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "The Totally Easy Agenda: Abilene City Council - August 25, 2025", "publisher": "City of Abilene", "url": "https://www.abilenetx.gov/CivicSend/ViewMessage/message/268849", "type": "government", "date": "2025-08-25" }, { "id": "s12", "title": "Oracle (ORCL) Q1 FY2027 earnings call transcript", "publisher": "The Motley Fool", "url": "https://www.fool.com/earnings/call-transcripts/2026/09/11/oracle-orcl-q1-2027-earnings-call-transcript/", "date": "2026-09-11", "type": "other" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-05" }, { "slug": "stargate-milam-county-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/stargate-milam-county-tx", "name": "Stargate Milam County", "aka": [ "Freebird" ], "city": "Burlington", "county": "Milam County", "state": "TX", "lat": 30.79, "lng": -96.98, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Phase 1 topped out March 2026; state filing lists Oct 15 completion", "developer": "SB Energy (SoftBank)", "endUsers": [ "OpenAI" ], "summary": "A planned 1.2 GW Stargate data center in Milam County, which SoftBank's SB Energy will build and operate, with OpenAI signed as tenant. OpenAI and SoftBank announced the site in September 2025 and each invested $500 million in SB Energy in January 2026. The first phase, code-named Freebird, is a 548,950 sq ft four-hall building that reportedly topped out in March 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1200, "unit": "MW", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 548950, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "Phase 1 (Freebird), four data halls, single story", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 470000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "estimated cost of Phase 1 building per state filing, as reported", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "SB Energy plans new generation (and storage) to supply most of the campus's power", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Company says the site is designed to minimize water use (no figures given)", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Initial facilities in service starting 2026 (company); Phase 1 filing lists Oct 15 completion; Epoch AI projects full 1.2 GW by Q4 2028", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 595, "unit": "acres", "note": "Adjacent to SB Energy's Orion Solar Belt project, per June 2025 report", "source": "s9", "quote": "The company, owned by SoftBank Group, plans to build multiple data center buildings spanning 1.5 million square feet on 595 acres adjacent to its Orion Solar Belt project, one of the largest solar installations in the country." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Closed-loop water cooling", "source": "s9", "quote": "The facilities will use a closed-loop water cooling system and emit minimal light and noise, addressing residents' environmental concerns, company representative Karl Brutsaert said in a public meeting." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Milam County approved a reinvestment zone; county said it would not consider an abatement until SB Energy signed a tenant (as of June 2025)", "source": "s9", "quote": "Milam County approved a reinvestment zone, but county officials said they will not consider a tax abatement package until SB Energy signs a tenant." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "County Road 133, Burlington, TX 76519 (Phase 1 project location)", "note": "project location in the state accessibility registration for Freebird Data Center Phase 1 (TABS2026017746); owner listed as Milam County Data Center LLC", "source": "s10", "quote": "COUNTY ROAD 133, Burlington, TX 76519" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09-23", "event": "OpenAI and SoftBank announce Milam County as a Stargate site", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-01", "event": "OpenAI and SoftBank each invest $500M in SB Energy, which will build and operate the site", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-03", "event": "Phase 1 reported topped out", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-04-22", "event": "Filing for 548,950 sq ft Freebird Phase 1 reported", "source": "s7" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "OpenAI, Oracle, and SoftBank expand Stargate with five new AI data center sites", "publisher": "OpenAI", "url": "https://openai.com/index/five-new-stargate-sites/", "date": "2025-09-23", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "OpenAI, Oracle, and SoftBank expand Stargate with five new AI data center sites", "publisher": "SoftBank Group Corp.", "url": "https://group.softbank/en/news/press/20250924", "date": "2025-09-24", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "OpenAI and SoftBank Group partner with SB Energy", "publisher": "OpenAI", "url": "https://openai.com/index/stargate-sb-energy-partnership/", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "OpenAI and SoftBank Group Partner with SB Energy", "publisher": "SB Energy", "url": "https://sbenergy.com/openai-and-softbank-group-partner-with-sb-energy/", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "SoftBank's SB Energy to build and operate OpenAI's 1.2GW Stargate data center in Milam County, Texas", "publisher": "DCD", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/softbanks-sb-energy-to-build-and-operate-openais-12gw-stargate-data-center-in-milam-county-texas/", "date": "2026-01-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "OpenAI Stargate: where the US sites stand", "publisher": "Epoch AI", "url": "https://epochai.substack.com/p/openai-stargate-where-the-us-sites", "date": "2026-04-20", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "OpenAI Stargate's Milam, Texas, 'Freebird' data center to span 548,950 sq ft in first phase", "publisher": "DCD", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/openai-stargates-milam-texas-freebird-data-center-to-span-548950-sq-ft-in-first-phase/", "date": "2026-04-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Stargate Milam County Data Center", "publisher": "Data Center Map", "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/texas/cameron/stargate-milam-county/", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "SB Energy's $3B data center bet wants tenants for tax breaks", "publisher": "The Real Deal", "url": "https://therealdeal.com/texas/austin/2025/06/10/softbank-groups-sb-energy-plans-3-billion-texas-data-center/", "type": "news", "date": "2025-06-10" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "TDLR TABS - Project Details", "publisher": "Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation", "url": "https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Project/TABS2026017746", "date": null, "type": "government" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "qts-cedar-rapids-ia", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/qts-cedar-rapids-ia", "name": "QTS Cedar Rapids Data Center Campus", "aka": [ "QTS Big Cedar" ], "city": "Cedar Rapids", "county": "Linn County", "state": "IA", "lat": 41.98, "lng": -91.67, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "First three buildings topped out Oct 2025; Phase 1 expected complete 2026, Phase 2 2027", "developer": "QTS Data Centers (Blackstone)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "QTS is building a campus of up to seven data center buildings on 612 acres in the Big Cedar Industrial Center at 6200 76th Ave SW in southwest Cedar Rapids. QTS describes a $10 billion investment, and The Gazette reports about 1,050 MW of power from Alliant Energy. The city approved a development agreement with property tax and franchise fee rebates in January 2025 and amended it in December 2025; the first three buildings topped out in October 2025.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1050, "unit": "MW", "note": "approximate power from Alliant Energy, per The Gazette", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 612, "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 7, "note": "up to seven", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 10000000000, "note": "company-stated campus investment; city agreement minimum $750M, anticipated $1.75B", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 30, "note": "minimum 15 per phase for first two phases under city agreement; The Gazette reports 100+ full-time positions", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1200, "note": "minimum under amended agreement (previously 500)", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop, water-free cooling", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Alliant Energy", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "20-year, 70% property tax rebate per phase (up to ~$1B rebated per amended agreement) plus 20-year, 75% electric franchise fee rebate; QTS pays up to $300,000/yr per phase to community betterment fund", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Phase 1 late 2026; Phase 2 late 2027", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "abatement_usd", "value": 529000000, "unit": "USD", "source": "s8", "quote": "According to the proposed agreement, the city 'conservatively estimates that $1 billion in total property taxes could be generated,' and an estimated $529 million would be rebated back to the company." }, { "field": "abatement_years", "value": 20, "unit": "years", "source": "s8", "quote": "That money would be rebated to the company by the city over 20 annual payments." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Community betterment payments of $300,000 annually for the initial phase and each additional phase, not to exceed $18 million (original proposed agreement)", "source": "s8", "quote": "Those payments would be $300,000 annually for the initial phase and $300,000 annually for each additional phase, not to exceed $18 million." }, { "field": "onsite_generation", "value": "Temporary modular, self-contained generator units for construction and commissioning, expected to operate less than six months", "source": "s9", "quote": "The plant, consisting of 'modular, self-contained generator units,' will be placed on QTS-owned property near the Eastern Iowa Airport." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01-28", "event": "Cedar Rapids City Council approves development agreement with QTS", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2025-02-12", "event": "City, Alliant Energy and QTS announce campus", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2025-07", "event": "Ground broken (The Gazette; CBJ reports first building groundbreaking in August 2025)", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-10-21", "event": "First three buildings topped out", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2025-12-02", "event": "City Council unanimously approves amended agreement raising anticipated investment to $1.75B", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-04-24", "event": "U.S. Energy Secretary Chris Wright tours campus", "source": "s3" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Linn County road use agreement required QTS back payments of $117,000+ and future road improvement funding (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Cedar Rapids - QTS Data Centers", "publisher": "QTS", "url": "https://q.com/data-centers/cedar-rapids/", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "QTS tops out data center in Cedar Rapids, Iowa", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/qts-tops-out-data-center-in-cedar-rapids-iowa/", "date": "2025-10-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "U.S. Energy Secretary tours Cedar Rapids QTS data center campus", "publisher": "The Gazette", "url": "https://www.thegazette.com/news/data-center-project-pitched-as-win-for-jobs-rates-in-iowa/article_6ba03ef8-81a2-4215-ba6c-d92188174b31.html", "date": "2026-04-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Scope of QTS data project in Cedar Rapids continuing to grow", "publisher": "Corridor Business Journal", "url": "https://corridorbusiness.com/scope-of-qts-data-project-in-cedar-rapids-continuing-to-grow/", "date": "2025-12-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "City of Cedar Rapids, Alliant Energy, and QTS Collaborate on New Data Center Campus in Cedar Rapids", "publisher": "City of Cedar Rapids", "url": "https://cedar-rapids.org/news_detail_T6_R2180.php", "date": "2025-02-12", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "CBJ Newsmakers: First QTS data center buildings near completion", "publisher": "Corridor Business Journal", "url": "https://corridorbusiness.com/cbj-newsmakers-first-qts-data-center-buildings-near-completion/", "date": "2025-12-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Cedar Rapids council approves development agreement for QTS data center project", "publisher": "Corridor Business Journal", "url": "https://corridorbusiness.com/cedar-rapids-council-approves-development-agreement-for-qts-data-center-project/", "date": "2025-01-30", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Government Notes: Under development agreement, Cedar Rapids would rebate $529 million to data center", "publisher": "The Gazette", "url": "https://www.thegazette.com/local-government/government-notes-under-development-agreement-cedar-rapids-would-rebate-529-million-to-data-center/", "type": "news", "date": "2025-01-27" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "QTS planning temporary power plant for Cedar Rapids data center", "publisher": "Corridor Business Journal", "url": "https://corridorbusiness.com/qts-planning-temporary-power-plant-for-cedar-rapids-data-center/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-05-29" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-05" }, { "slug": "goodnight-armstrong-county-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/goodnight-armstrong-county-tx", "name": "Goodnight Campus", "aka": [ "Project Goodnight", "Google Armstrong County data center", "Project Llano" ], "city": "Claude", "county": "Armstrong County", "state": "TX", "lat": 35.1117, "lng": -101.3632, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Crusoe began construction May 2025; KFDA reported in September 2026 that construction is expected to wrap up by the end of 2027 (earlier reporting: late 2028 or early 2029)", "developer": "Crusoe", "endUsers": [ "Google" ], "summary": "An AI data center campus south of the town of Claude in Armstrong County, Texas, begun by Crusoe and folded into Google's $40 billion Texas investment announced in November 2025. ABC 7 Amarillo reports Google will be a tenant; trade outlet New Project Media reports Crusoe agreed to sell the project to Google. The campus was scaled back in 2025 to three or four buildings, though Crusoe said at a September 2026 open house that it will include six; its power plan combines ERCOT grid service, the adjacent Goodnight Wind Farm and on-site gas turbines.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1030, "unit": "MW", "note": "original plan: 530 MW phase 1 (four buildings) and 500 MW phase 2, per New Project Media", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 530, "unit": "MW", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1300, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 3500000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 4, "note": "scaled back from 7 buildings to 3–4; 4 under construction as of Oct 2025", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 80, "note": "80 to 100 expected", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop / recirculating", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "ERCOT grid; 265.5 MW Goodnight Wind Farm co-location; 933 MW of off-grid gas generation", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "County tax abatement agreement with Crusoe Energy Systems LLC / GN DC1 LLC; amended Oct 2025 to $1.35 million per year per building once operational", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Late 2028 or early 2029", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "utility_docket", "value": "PUCT Docket No. 59220 (SB 6 net metering application for Crusoe Load Two, a 260 MW data center, with Goodnight Wind)", "source": "s8", "quote": "On July 24, 2026, the Public Utility Commission of Texas (PUCT) issued an order in Docket No. 59220 to approve a net metering application between a data center large load and a standalone generation resource." }, { "field": "grid_operator", "value": "ERCOT", "source": "s8", "quote": "Building on that baseline, ERCOT's recommendation in Docket No. 59220 established a cumulative 525.5 MW curtailment obligation across the two data centers behind the single wind generating facility." }, { "field": "abatement_years", "value": 10, "unit": "years", "note": "original abatement term ($5.4 million per year per phase); amended Oct. 2025", "source": "s3", "quote": "The original abatement was structured to provide $5.4 million per year for 10 years as each phase was completed, with a total of $10.8 million annually once both phases were operational." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Aquifer (groundwater), with recirculating cooling", "source": "s3", "quote": "Hunt confirmed the data center will use a recirculating cooling system, limiting water use from the aquifer." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 6, "note": "Crusoe figure at a September 2026 open house; differs from the earlier four-building figure", "source": "s10", "quote": "says the campus will include six buildings." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-10", "event": "Co-location application filed with Texas regulators under SB 6 rules", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2024-11-12", "event": "Armstrong County Commissioners Court holds reinvestment zone hearing and considers tax abatements for Crusoe Energy Systems LLC / GN DC1 LLC", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-05", "event": "Crusoe begins construction", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Commissioners unanimously approve amended abatement as project is scaled back to 3–4 buildings", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-11-14", "event": "Google announces $40 billion Texas plan including a data center in Armstrong County", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-03", "event": "Wind-powered portion of the campus sold to Ensign Infrastructure, which becomes the large load in the co-location application", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-07-24", "event": "PUCT approves net metering application in Docket No. 59220 for the co-located Armstrong County data center load, with ERCOT curtailment obligations", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-07-30", "event": "Filings with the Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation cover Buildings 3 and 4, each with an estimated construction cost of $500 million", "source": "s9", "quote": "The latest two buildings to be filed for are Buildings 3 and 4, both with an estimated construction cost of $500 million." }, { "date": "2026-09", "event": "At a Google and Crusoe community open house in Claude, Crusoe says the campus will include six buildings; KFDA reports Google is expected to receive the first buildings in early 2027, with construction wrapping up by the end of 2027", "source": "s10", "quote": "The first buildings are expected to be turned over to Google in early 2027, with construction expected to wrap up by the end of that year." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The gas turbines are expected to emit 4.5 million tons of greenhouse gases a year, per Latitude Media (s6)", "Recirculating cooling limits aquifer draw to office plumbing needs, per the developer (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Google announces new data center in Armstrong County, Texas", "publisher": "ABC 7 Amarillo", "url": "https://abc7amarillo.com/news/local/google-announces-new-data-center-in-armstrong-county-texas-judge-adam-ensey-crusoe-energy-ercot-southwest-power-pool-claude-texas", "date": "2025-11-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Google to build three new data centers in Texas in $40 billion investment", "publisher": "Texas Tribune", "url": "https://www.texastribune.org/?p=211764", "date": "2025-11-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Armstrong County AI data center project scaled back from original plan", "publisher": "KFDA NewsChannel 10", "url": "https://www.newschannel10.com/2025/10/18/armstrong-county-ai-data-center-project-scaled-back-original-plan/", "date": "2025-10-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Notice of Meeting of the Armstrong County Commissioners' Court (Nov. 12, 2024)", "publisher": "Armstrong County, Texas", "url": "https://www.co.armstrong.tx.us/upload/page/5361/docs/2024/NOV/Nov2024.pdf", "date": "2024-11-12", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Crusoe adds natural gas, storage to Texas Panhandle energy mix as project shifts to Google ownership", "publisher": "New Project Media", "url": "https://newprojectmedia.com/origination-crusoe-adds-natural-gas-storage-to-texas-panhandle-energy-mix-as-project-shifts-to-google-ownership/", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "How a Crusoe-Google campus became Texas' co-location test case", "publisher": "Latitude Media", "url": "https://www.latitudemedia.com/news/how-a-crusoe-google-campus-became-texas-co-location-test-case/", "date": "2026-04-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Texas – Google Data Center Location", "publisher": "Google", "url": "https://datacenters.google/locations/texas/", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "PUCT affirms curtailment authority over co-located data centers in first net metering case under Senate Bill 6", "publisher": "White & Case LLP", "url": "https://www.whitecase.com/insight-alert/puct-affirms-curtailment-authority-over-co-located-data-centers-first-net-metering", "type": "other", "date": "2026-08-05" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Crusoe files for two more data centers at Goodnight Campus in Armstrong County, Texas", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/crusoe-files-for-two-more-data-centers-at-goodnight-campus-in-armstrong-county-texas/", "date": "2026-07-30", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Construction underway on six-building Claude data center", "publisher": "KFDA NewsChannel 10", "url": "https://www.newschannel10.com/2026/09/23/construction-underway-six-building-claude-data-center/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-09-23" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-24" }, { "slug": "global-ai-windsor-weld-county-co", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/global-ai-windsor-weld-county-co", "name": "Global AI Data Center", "aka": [ "Carestream site data center" ], "city": "Windsor", "county": "Weld County", "state": "CO", "lat": 40.4775, "lng": -104.9014, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Use by Special Review permit approved 5-0 on Sept. 9, 2026 with closed-loop cooling, noise and decommissioning-bond conditions", "developer": "Global AI", "endUsers": [], "summary": "New York-based Global AI plans a data center on 41 acres of the 438-acre former Carestream Health (Eastman Kodak) property at 2000 Howard Smith Avenue W near Windsor, starting at 27.5 MW with a stated goal of 1 GW by 2029. Weld County commissioners unanimously approved its special-use permit on Sept. 9, 2026, after the county had issued stop-work orders for unpermitted construction earlier in the summer.", "facts": [ { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 27.5, "unit": "MW", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1000, "unit": "MW", "note": "company goal of 1 GW by 2029", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 41, "unit": "acres", "note": "data center footprint on a 438-acre property", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1500, "note": "approximately", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 200, "source": "s1" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Initial fill of 65,000 gallons with about 6,500 gallons annual top-off", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop (permit condition)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Poudre Valley Rural Electric Association (35 MW committed)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First data hall expected operational later in 2026", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Weld County Board of County Commissioners approved Use by Special Review permit USR26-0019, 5-0, on Sept. 9, 2026", "source": "s6", "quote": "The 5-0 vote followed an approximately eight-hour hearing on Sept. 9." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-12", "event": "Global AI buys 438-acre former Carestream property for $15.6 million", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026", "event": "County issues three stop-work orders and a Notice of Violation over unpermitted equipment installation (summer 2026)", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-09-01", "event": "Weld County Planning Commission votes 7-0 to recommend approval", "source": "s7", "quote": "The Weld County Planning Commission reviewed the application Sept. 1. They voted 7-0 to recommend approval to the Board of County Commissioners." }, { "date": "2026-09-09", "event": "Board of County Commissioners votes 5-0 to approve Use by Special Review permit after eight-hour hearing", "source": "s2" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "More than 400 written comments raised water and electricity demand, noise, and proximity to a planned 2,000-unit residential development (s1)", "Of 39 public speakers at the hearing, 3 supported the project; residents cited the company's unpermitted construction (s2, s5)", "Residents criticized limited community outreach; a company representative acknowledged it may have been a fault (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Weld County commissioners approve permit for Global AI data center", "publisher": "Colorado Newsline", "url": "https://coloradonewsline.com/2026/09/10/weld-comissioners-global-ai-data-center/", "date": "2026-09-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Weld County officials approve construction of what could be the largest data center in the state", "publisher": "Colorado Public Radio", "url": "https://www.cpr.org/2026/09/10/weld-county-officials-approve-data-center/", "date": "2026-09-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Weld County approves data center near Windsor", "publisher": "Denver7", "url": "https://www.denver7.com/news/local-news/in-your-community/northern-colorado/weld-county-commissioners-approve-proposed-41-acre-data-center", "date": "2026-09-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Weld County commissioners approve permit for Global AI data center", "publisher": "KUNC", "url": "https://www.kunc.org/news/2026-09-12/weld-county-commissioners-approve-permit-for-global-ai-data-center", "date": "2026-09-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Weld County officials vote to approve controversial data center", "publisher": "Colorado Public Radio", "url": "https://www.cpr.org/2026/09/09/weld-county-officials-will-vote-on-whether-to-approve-a-controversial-data-center-on-wednesday/", "date": "2026-09-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Global AI Clears Weld County, Colorado Zoning Hurdle, Project Could Be State's Largest Data Center", "publisher": "ConstructConnect", "url": "https://news.constructconnect.com/global-ai-data-center-clears-weld-county-zoning-hurdle-project-could-be-colorados-largest", "type": "news", "date": "2026-09-16" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Weld County Commissioners approve Global AI data center permit", "publisher": "Weld County", "url": "https://www.weld.gov/Newsroom/2026-News/Weld-County-Commissioners-approve-Global-AI-data-center-permit", "date": "2026-09-10", "type": "government" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "joule-energy-and-data-center-campus-millard-county-ut", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/joule-energy-and-data-center-campus-millard-county-ut", "name": "Joule Energy and Data Center Campus", "aka": [ "Joule Capital Partners Millard County campus", "Joule HP Compute Campus" ], "city": "McCornick", "county": "Millard County", "state": "UT", "lat": 39.35, "lng": -112.58, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Groundbreaking held November 6, 2025; developer targets first power in 2026. Published capacity ranges from 1 GW to 12 GW", "developer": "Joule Capital Partners", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Joule Capital Partners is building an off-grid, gas-powered data center campus on about 4,000 acres of former farmland in Millard County, between Fillmore and Delta. The county commission approved rezoning in August 2025 and a groundbreaking was held in November 2025. Published capacity figures differ widely, from about 1 GW in state applications to 4 GW in Joule's earlier statements and 12 GW at full build-out in a third-party report. No tenant has been named.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1000, "unit": "MW", "note": "about 1 GW to start, per Joule applications filed with the state (Lehi Free Press)", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 4000, "unit": "MW", "note": "4 GW at full build-out, as reported when the project was announced (Power Engineering)", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 12000, "unit": "MW", "note": "12 GW at full build-out, with 1.4 GW by 2027 and 5.8 GW by 2029, per Cleanview; not found in a Joule document that was opened", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 4000, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Off-grid natural gas: Caterpillar G3520K generator sets plus 1.1 GWh of battery storage", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Developer cites the site elevation for cooling efficiency", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Power slated to begin in 2026 (ABC4); Cleanview reports a first 455 MW targeted for Q4 2026", "source": "s1" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-08-05", "event": "Millard County Commission unanimously approves rezoning the parcel from agricultural to heavy industrial use", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2025-08-08", "event": "Caterpillar announced to supply generator sets for a 4 GW campus", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-11-06", "event": "Groundbreaking held for the campus", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-06-03", "event": "Residents and critics say few environmental studies were done; a commissioner says the projects will stay within existing water rights", "source": "s3" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "A critic told KUTV that no environmental studies have been done; a county commissioner said the projects will not exceed existing water rights (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Groundbreaking held for country's largest data center in Millard County", "publisher": "ABC4 Utah", "url": "https://www.abc4.com/news/central-utah/groundbreaking-millard-county-data-center/amp/", "date": "2025-11-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Caterpillar to support multi-gigawatt data center project in Utah", "publisher": "Power Engineering", "url": "https://www.power-eng.com/onsite-power/cogeneration/caterpillar-to-support-multi-gigawatt-data-center-project-in-utah/", "date": "2025-08-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "'Screaming into the void' over two data centers in central Utah", "publisher": "KUTV", "url": "https://kjzz.com/news/local/screaming-into-the-void-over-two-data-centers-in-central-utah", "date": "2026-06-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Utah's massive data centers seek to build new power sources", "publisher": "Lehi Free Press", "url": "https://lehifreepress.com/2026/02/11/utahs-massive-data-centers-seek-to-build-new-power-sources/", "date": "2026-02-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Joule Utah", "publisher": "Cleanview", "url": "https://cleanview.co/reports/behind-the-meter-data-centers/full-report/joule-utah", "date": "2026", "type": "other" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-10-15" }, { "slug": "meta-el-paso-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/meta-el-paso-tx", "name": "Meta El Paso Data Center", "aka": [], "city": "El Paso", "county": "El Paso County", "state": "TX", "lat": 31.76, "lng": -106.49, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Meta says capacity begins coming online in 2028; BlackRock-managed funds to hold 80% under July 2026 venture", "developer": "Meta (joint venture with BlackRock-managed funds)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Meta is building a 1 GW AI data center on about 1,000 acres in Northeast El Paso, north of Stan Roberts Sr. Avenue and west of US 54. The stated investment rose from $1.5 billion in 2025 to more than $10 billion in March 2026, and a July 2026 venture put total development costs at about $14 billion. El Paso Electric has proposed a dedicated 366 MW gas plant (McCloud) next to the site, which environmental justice groups and residents oppose.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1000, "unit": "MW", "note": "1 GW of compute capacity", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1000, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 1200000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "nearly 1.2 million sq ft, per October 2025 announcement", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 14000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "approx. total development cost under Meta-BlackRock venture; earlier stated as $1.5B (2025) and >$10B (Mar 2026)", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 300, "unit": "jobs", "note": "city incentive requires at least 50", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 4000, "unit": "workers", "note": "peak; 2,300+ onsite as of July 2026", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 2500000, "unit": "gallons/day", "note": "maximum at full build-out; tiers at 100,000, 750,000 and 1.5M gpd average", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "El Paso Electric's proposed 366 MW McCloud gas plant ($473M, 813 Enchanted Rock modular generators) on 31 adjacent acres, dedicated to the data center", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "El Paso Electric", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Chapter 380 agreement: 80% city property tax rebate, ~$110M for Phase 1 (15 yrs), up to $550M across all phases (35 yrs)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Capacity starts coming online in 2028; McCloud plant expected in 2027", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "utility_docket", "value": "PUCT Docket 59076 (El Paso Electric McCloud Generation)", "source": "s7", "quote": "El Paso Electric McCloud Generation (Docket 59076): PUC Staff submitted direct testimony and engineering analysis on the 366 MW natural gas facility for data center service" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Use permitted by right under existing zoning", "source": "s1", "quote": "The use is permitted by right. The property is zoned appropriately and is subject to meeting all zoning requirements." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-12", "event": "El Paso City Council approves incentive agreements", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-10-15", "event": "Meta announces El Paso data center, >$1.5B", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-01-18", "event": "El Paso Electric proposes $473M McCloud gas plant to serve the data center", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-03-26", "event": "Meta raises stated investment to more than $10B", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-06-09", "event": "El Paso City Council votes 5-3 against beginning negotiations to end the Meta incentive agreement", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-07-08", "event": "State Office of Administrative Hearings begins testimony on El Paso Electric's proposed McCloud Generation Facility", "source": "s9" }, { "date": "2026-07-28", "event": "Meta announces venture with BlackRock (80% BlackRock funds / 20% Meta), ~$14B total cost", "source": "s6" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Environmental justice groups and residents raise concerns about air pollution in an ozone-burdened city, water scarcity and utility rates (s4)", "Residents say they were earlier told the site would use solar, not fossil fuels (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Data Centers", "publisher": "City of El Paso", "url": "https://www.elpasotexas.gov/data-centers", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Hello, El Paso!", "publisher": "Meta Data Centers", "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2025/10/hello-el-paso/", "date": "2025-10-15", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "El Paso Electric proposes $473 million gas plant to power Meta data center operations", "publisher": "KVIA (El Paso Matters)", "url": "https://kvia.com/news/el-paso/2026/01/18/el-paso-electric-proposes-473-million-gas-plant-to-power-meta-data-center-operations/", "date": "2026-01-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "El Paso's plan to build natural gas power plant for massive data center kicks up opposition", "publisher": "Texas Tribune (Inside Climate News)", "url": "https://www.texastribune.org/2026/01/26/texas-el-paso-meta-data-center-natural-gas-power-plant/", "date": "2026-01-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Big things are happening, El Paso!", "publisher": "Meta Data Centers", "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2026/03/big-things-are-happening-el-paso/", "date": "2026-03-26", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Meta Announces New Strategic Venture with BlackRock to Develop Data Center in El Paso", "publisher": "Meta Investor Relations", "url": "https://investor.atmeta.com/investor-news/press-release-details/2026/Meta-Announces-New-Strategic-Venture-with-BlackRock-to-Develop-Data-Center-in-El-Paso/default.aspx", "date": "2026-07-28", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "DocketWatcher — PUCT Weekly Briefing", "publisher": "DocketWatcher (Substack)", "url": "https://amitavm.substack.com/p/docketwatcher-puct-weekly-briefing", "type": "other", "date": "2026-06-22" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "El Paso city council votes to keep Meta data center incentive agreement", "publisher": "KFOX14", "url": "https://kfoxtv.com/news/local/el-paso-city-council-votes-to-keep-meta-data-center-incentive-agreement", "type": "news", "date": "2026-06-09" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Key hearing begins on El Paso Electric gas plant proposal for Meta data center", "publisher": "CBS4 / KFOX14", "url": "https://cbs4local.com/news/local/key-hearing-begins-on-el-paso-electric-gas-plant-proposal-for-meta-data-center", "type": "news", "date": "2026-07-08" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "meta-lebanon-in", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/meta-lebanon-in", "name": "Meta Lebanon Data Center", "aka": [ "Project Domino" ], "city": "Lebanon", "county": "Boone County", "state": "IN", "lat": 40.0484, "lng": -86.4692, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Groundbreaking February 2026; first phase targeted for late 2027 or early 2028", "developer": "Meta", "endUsers": [], "summary": "A 1,500-acre, roughly 4 million-square-foot Meta data center campus in the LEAP Innovation and Research District in Lebanon, Indiana, which Meta says represents more than $10 billion of investment. DCD reports it as a 1 GW campus using closed-loop liquid cooling. Construction began in February 2026, with the first phase targeted for late 2027 or early 2028.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1000, "unit": "MW", "note": "1 GW, per DCD", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1500, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 4000000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "roughly 4 million sq ft", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 13, "note": "10 data center buildings plus logistics, warehousing and administrative buildings (Feb 2026); the Aug 2025 city plan listed 15 buildings including 12 data centers", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 10000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "more than $10 billion, per Meta", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 300, "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 4000, "note": "at peak", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop, direct-to-chip liquid cooling with dry coolers", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 3000000, "unit": "gal/day", "note": "2031 average allocation projection (8 million peak); current allocation 320,000 gal/day average", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Eagle Creek Reservoir and other sources piped to LEAP district, per News and Tribune", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "10-year, 50% real property tax abatement and 35-year, 100% personal property tax abatement (city); state sales tax exemption", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First phase late 2027 or early 2028", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "onsite_generation_mw", "value": 134, "unit": "MW", "note": "temporary gas-fired generation by Life Cycle Power, expected through end of 2027", "source": "s8", "quote": "Texas-based Life Cycle Power submitted an air emissions permit to the Indiana Department of Environmental Management in February detailing plans to supply 134 megawatts of power via gas-fired generators to the data facility." }, { "field": "onsite_generation", "value": "temporary natural gas-fired generators (65 requested in permit application; company expects about 32)", "source": "s8", "quote": "LCP's permit application requests placing 65 generators on site, but Bland told IndyStar there will likely only be 32 generators because the data center is closer than anticipated to hooking up to the regional power grid." }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "Life Cycle Power submitted an IDEM air emissions permit application in February for gas-fired generators", "source": "s8", "quote": "Texas-based Life Cycle Power submitted an air emissions permit to the Indiana Department of Environmental Management in February detailing plans to supply 134 megawatts of power via gas-fired generators to the data facility." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "North and south of State Road 32 between County Roads 250 West and 400 West", "source": "s4", "quote": "north and south of State Road 32 between County Roads 250 West and 400 West" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Yearly $1.5 million community impact payment (reported)", "source": "s4", "quote": "META will reportedly pay a yearly $1.5 million community impact payment." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024", "event": "Lebanon City Council approves tax abatements for the project (codename Project Domino)", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-08-21", "event": "City reports planning commission approval of the 1,500-acre, 15-building plan", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-02-11", "event": "Meta confirms the project and holds groundbreaking; investment stated as more than $10 billion", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-02-11", "event": "Meta announces its next data center will be in Lebanon, Indiana.", "source": "s3" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Nearby residents and water researchers have raised concerns about water depletion and the load shifted to power providers (s6)", "Meta says it will pay full energy and water/wastewater costs and restore 100% of consumed water to local watersheds (s2, s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Details on long-expected Meta data center campus unveiled", "publisher": "Indiana Capital Chronicle", "url": "https://indianacapitalchronicle.com/2026/02/11/details-on-long-expected-meta-data-center-campus-unveiled/", "date": "2026-02-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Meta Makes Lebanon Data Center Announcement Official", "publisher": "City of Lebanon", "url": "https://lebanon.in.gov/2026/02/11/meta-makes-lebanon-data-center-announcement-official/", "date": "2026-02-11", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Hello, Lebanon!", "publisher": "Meta", "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2026/02/hello-lebanon/", "date": "2026-02-11", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Meta Moves Forward in Lebanon", "publisher": "City of Lebanon", "url": "https://lebanon.in.gov/2025/08/21/meta-moves-forward-in-lebanon/", "date": "2025-08-21", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Meta announces 1GW data center campus in Indiana", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/meta-announces-1gw-data-center-campus-in-indiana/", "date": "2026-02-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Meta's Lebanon data center to use less water than expected, but concerns persist", "publisher": "News and Tribune", "url": "https://www.newsandtribune.com/news/metas-lebanon-data-center-to-use-less-water-than-expected-but-concerns-persist/article_bb12c29c-ff8d-45ab-99fd-1e5e5bbfe3e4.html", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Meta breaks ground on new $10B data center campus at LEAP in Lebanon", "publisher": "The Reporter", "url": "https://readthereporter.com/meta-breaks-ground-on-new-10b-data-center-campus-at-leap-in-lebanon/", "date": "2026-02-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Meta data center in Lebanon plans temporary off-grid gas facility", "publisher": "IndyStar (via AOL)", "url": "https://www.aol.com/articles/meta-data-center-lebanon-plans-093629000.html", "type": "news", "date": "2026-07-16" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "meta-prometheus-new-albany-oh", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/meta-prometheus-new-albany-oh", "name": "Meta Prometheus", "aka": [ "Meta New Albany Data Center" ], "city": "New Albany", "county": "Franklin and Licking counties", "state": "OH", "lat": 40.081, "lng": -82.809, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "operating", "statusNote": "Epoch AI lists the first building operating since Oct 2025 and 12 buildings (562 MW IT) operating as of Aug 2026; more buildings and on-site gas plants still under construction.", "developer": "Meta (affiliate Sidecat LLC)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Prometheus is Meta's 1 GW AI supercluster in New Albany, where Meta has operated data centers since 2017. Zuckerberg announced it in July 2025 for 2026. The site uses tent-style buildings, leased colocation space and traditional halls across a 740-acre tract. It will be powered partly by dedicated behind-the-meter natural gas plants approved by the Ohio Power Siting Board. Epoch AI's satellite-based tracker lists multiple buildings operating as of 2026, with more due through early 2027.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1000, "unit": "MW", "note": "1 GW supercluster, per Zuckerberg", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "it_mw", "value": 562, "unit": "MW", "note": "Epoch AI estimate of current IT power; 854 MW projected by Q1 2027", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 740, "unit": "acres", "note": "industrial campus tract in New Albany International Business Park", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Behind-the-meter gas: Socrates South and Socrates North (200 MW each, built by Williams subsidiary Will-Power), plus the 250 MW Socrates the Younger plant with 116 MW batteries (approved June 2026); Meta also cited ~440 MW of Ohio solar", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "2026 (Meta's stated online year)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "State 100% sales tax exemption for up to 40 years (valued at more than $37 million) for Facebook's New Albany data center, granted 2017", "source": "s8", "quote": "And the state has granted a 100 percent sales tax exemption for the facility for as many as 40 years. The total price tag for that part of the package is more than $37 million." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2017", "event": "Meta breaks ground on New Albany data center", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2025-06-09", "event": "Ohio Power Siting Board approves the 200 MW Socrates South gas plant for Meta affiliate Sidecat's campus", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-07-14", "event": "Zuckerberg announces Prometheus, a 1 GW cluster to come online in 2026", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Building 1 operating, per Epoch AI", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-01", "event": "Buildings 2-6 operating, per Epoch AI", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-05", "event": "Tent buildings 7-11 operating, per Epoch AI", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-06-26", "event": "OPSB authorizes the 250 MW Socrates the Younger plant (Case 26-0169-EL-BLN) to serve adjacent Meta data center", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-08", "event": "Building 12 operating, per Epoch AI", "source": "s7" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "On-site gas plants: the Socrates plants need about 30 gas turbines and eight diesel generators per plant, per Inc. (s1)", "AEP Ohio estimates 7-10 years for full regional transmission buildout (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "How Mark Zuckerberg Is Going to Power Meta's New AI Supercluster, Prometheus", "publisher": "Inc.", "url": "https://www.inc.com/chloe-aiello/how-mark-zuckerberg-is-going-to-power-metas-new-ai-supercluster-prometheus/91214169", "date": "2025-07-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Meta's Dual-Track Data Center Strategy: Owning AI Campuses, Leasing Cloud, and Expanding Nationwide", "publisher": "Data Center Frontier", "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/hyperscale/article/55310441/ownership-and-power-challenges-in-metas-hyperion-and-prometheus-data-centers", "date": "2025-08-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Ohio regulators approve construction of 200MW gas power plant to serve Meta's New Albany data center", "publisher": "DCD", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/ohio-regulators-approve-construction-of-200mw-gas-power-plant-to-serve-meta-data-center-in-new-albany-ohio/", "date": "2025-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Socrates Power Solution Facilities", "publisher": "Williams Companies", "url": "https://www.williams.com/expansion-project/socrates-power-solution-facilities/", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "OPSB authorizes construction of Licking County power plant", "publisher": "Ohio Power Siting Board", "url": "https://opsb.ohio.gov/wps/portal/gov/opsb/news/opsb-authorizes-construction-of-licking-county-power-plant-0626", "date": "2026-06-26", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Here is how the New Albany Data Center is supporting the long-term vitality of Ohio", "publisher": "Meta Data Centers", "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/ohio-new-albany/", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Meta Prometheus | AI Data Centers", "publisher": "Epoch AI", "url": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/meta-prometheus", "date": "2026-09-21", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Behind New Albany's Facebook Data Center: Many Tax Breaks But Few Details", "publisher": "WOSU Public Media", "url": "https://www.wosu.org/news/2017-08-18/behind-new-albanys-facebook-data-center-many-tax-breaks-but-few-details", "type": "news", "date": "2017-08-18" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "project-boulder-colleton-county-sc", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-boulder-colleton-county-sc", "name": "Project Boulder", "aka": [ "Eagle Rock Partners Colleton County data center", "Cooks Hill Road data center" ], "city": "Walterboro", "county": "Colleton County", "state": "SC", "lat": 32.9052, "lng": -80.6668, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Needs a special exception from the Board of Zoning Appeals; enabling ordinance challenged in court. A Sept 2026 Live 5 report describes a new 1,000 MW campus proposal off Mount Carmel Road; sources do not say how it relates to the Cooks Hill Road site", "developer": "Eagle Rock Partners", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Charlotte-based Eagle Rock Partners, with Thomas & Hutton, proposes a 1,000 MW data center campus on rural timberland south of Walterboro, in the ACE Basin watershed. Sources differ on details: SELC and a developer comment report 859 acres and nine buildings, with the SC Environmental Law Project naming Cooks Hill Road; Live 5's Sept 2026 report describes more than 1,200 acres off Mount Carmel Road, 10 data centers and a $6 billion cost. The project requires a special exception from the county Board of Zoning Appeals, and landowners have sued over the ordinance that allows data centers in rural zones. Seven of nine Colleton County state legislators signed a resolution opposing it.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1000, "unit": "MW", "source": "s2", "note": "1,000 MW per SELC (s2) and Live 5 (s8)" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 859, "unit": "acres", "note": "859 acres per SELC (s2) and the developer's figure in Live 5's Dec 2025 report (s1), including about 234.5 acres of wetlands; SC Environmental Law Project says about 850 acres on Cooks Hill Road with a possible 2,600-acre expansion tract (s4); Live 5's Sept 2026 report says more than 1,200 acres off Mount Carmel Road (s8)", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 9, "source": "s4", "note": "nine per SC Environmental Law Project (s4) and SELC (s2); Live 5's Sept 2026 report says 10 data centers and two substations (s8)" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 6000000000, "source": "s8", "note": "per Live 5, Sept 2026 report of the Mount Carmel Road campus (s8); not found in other opened sources" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 450, "note": "450 developer-stated job opportunities (s1); 500 permanent and 1,000+ construction jobs per Sept 2026 Live 5 report (s8)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "About 500,000 gallons to fill closed-loop system", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop non-evaporative", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Would use roughly half the capacity of the proposed Canadys Station gas plant", "source": "s5" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025", "event": "County Council approves text amendment allowing data centers in Rural Development zone by special exception (fall 2025)", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2025-12-18", "event": "Board of Zoning Appeals holds hearing on special exception; residents voice opposition, no vote taken", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-01-09", "event": "Two landowners, represented by SELC, sue Colleton County over the data center ordinance", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-02-05", "event": "Seven of nine Colleton County legislators sign resolution opposing the project", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "County adopts six-month moratorium on data center development", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-09-14", "event": "County Council unanimously adopts Digital Infrastructure Overlay District, partially repealing the moratorium", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-09-23", "event": "Colleton County Economic Alliance holds an information session on a 1,000 MW campus; developers say construction could start around 2028 or 2029 pending an energy study with Santee Cooper", "source": "s8" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Crosby and Singleton v. Colleton County", "court": "South Carolina state court, Colleton County", "filed": "2026-01-09", "status": "pending", "summary": "Two county residents represented by the Southern Environmental Law Center challenge the zoning ordinance allowing data centers in rural areas by special exception, arguing it violates state law, the comprehensive plan and the zoning code.", "source": "s2", "quote": "Today, on behalf of Colleton County residents Miles Crosby and Jennifer Singleton, the Southern Environmental Law Center filed a complaint in state court in Colleton County to challenge the recently passed zoning ordinance that allows data centers to be built in rural areas of the county with a \"special exception.\"" } ], "issues": [ "Opponents say the site in the ACE Basin headwaters, about 6 miles from the Ashepoo River, threatens a protected estuary (s1, s3)", "Residents cited insufficient public notice and secrecy around the proposal (s1, s5)", "Residents raised concerns about energy demand, property values and wetlands (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Colleton County data center proposal draws opposition at zoning hearing", "publisher": "Live 5 News (WCSC)", "url": "https://www.live5news.com/2025/12/19/colleton-county-data-center-proposal-draws-opposition-zoning-hearing/", "date": "2025-12-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Landowners sue Colleton County over data center ordinance", "publisher": "Southern Environmental Law Center", "url": "https://www.selc.org/press-release/landowners-sue-colleton-county-over-data-center-ordinance/", "date": "2026-01-09", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "SC legislators denounce Lowcountry data center while mulling regulations for the industry", "publisher": "SC Daily Gazette", "url": "https://scdailygazette.com/2026/02/05/sc-legislators-denounce-lowcountry-data-center-while-mulling-regulations-for-the-industry/", "date": "2026-02-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Proposed Data Center Campus in Colleton County", "publisher": "South Carolina Environmental Law Project", "url": "https://www.scelp.org/news/colleton-data-center", "date": "2026-03-06", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "New data center developments in South Carolina are shrouded in secrecy, residents say", "publisher": "The Post and Courier", "url": "https://www.postandcourier.com/rising-waters/data-center-secrecy-water-power-electric-colleton-county/article_5434700a-6506-4115-980f-51cf7440b5fb.html", "date": "2026-03-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Residents sue Colleton County over proposed data center", "publisher": "WCBD News 2", "url": "https://www.aol.com/articles/residents-sue-colleton-county-over-080417646.html", "date": "2026", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Colleton County approves controversial data center rules despite pushback", "publisher": "Live 5 News (WCSC)", "url": "https://www.live5news.com/2026/09/15/colleton-county-approves-controversial-data-center-rules-despite-pushback/", "date": "2026-09-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "New proposed Colleton County data center campus draws residents' questions", "publisher": "Live 5 News (WCSC)", "url": "https://www.live5news.com/2026/09/23/new-proposed-colleton-county-data-center-campus-draws-residents-questions/", "date": "2026-09-23", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-05" }, { "slug": "project-cannoli-van-buren-township-mi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-cannoli-van-buren-township-mi", "name": "Project Cannoli", "aka": [ "Google Van Buren Township data center" ], "city": "Van Buren Township", "county": "Wayne County", "state": "MI", "lat": 42.2211, "lng": -83.4855, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Township site plan and tax abatement approvals granted in 2026; MPSC conditionally approved the DTE power contracts Oct. 1, 2026 and the Attorney General sought rehearing Oct. 30", "developer": "Panattoni Development", "endUsers": [ "Google" ], "summary": "Panattoni Development is building out a 1 GW data center campus for Google on about 282 acres north of I-94 between Haggerty Road and I-275 in Van Buren Township. The Planning Commission granted preliminary site plan approval 5-2 in February 2026, Google was confirmed as the user in March, and township officials approved a substation site plan and a roughly $125 million local tax break in May. DTE Energy's power contracts for the site are before the Michigan Public Service Commission in a contested case.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1000, "unit": "MW", "note": "maximum load", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 282, "unit": "acres", "note": "130 acres to remain undeveloped", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 800000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 3, "note": "two air-cooled, one water-cooled", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 3600000, "note": "stated as 2-3.6 million gallons per day", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "DTE Energy", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "DTE grid; Google-backed 1.6 GW of renewables and up to 480 MW of storage under 20-year contracts", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "$125 million local tax break (50% reduction)", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 51, "note": "minimum commitment", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Load starting December 2027; maximum load December 2028", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "utility_docket", "value": "MPSC Case U-22058", "source": "s9", "quote": "The two contracts proposed by DTE to service the 1-gigawatt Google AI data center, a primary supply agreement (PDF) and clean capacity accelerator agreement (PDF), are subject to the Michigan Public Service Commission's Case U-22058" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "M-1 district (data center and network service buildings permitted by right; no rezoning or variances required); office and security buildings in C-1", "source": "s10", "quote": "The data center and network service buildings are permitted uses under the M-1 zoning district where they will be located." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "East of Haggerty Road, north of the I-94 Service Drive, west of Hannan Road, and south of I-275 (developer PDC VBT, LLC)", "note": "the agreement lists dozens of tax parcel IDs, e.g. 83-050-99-0005-000", "source": "s10", "quote": "located in the Township east of Haggerty Road, north of the I-94 Service Drive, west of Hannan Road, and south of I-275" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Great Lakes Water Authority (GLWA) system via a connection to the 42-inch GLWA main at Tyler and Haggerty roads", "source": "s10", "quote": "The Project will connect to the GLWA system via meter pit and a water distribution main that will connect to the 42-inch Great Lakes Water Authority main at the Tyler Road and Haggerty Road intersection." }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "Township sanitary sewer to accept up to 1.15 cfs (0.75 mgd) of cooling tower blowdown in dry weather only, under a Sanitary Operations and Discharge Agreement; domestic sewer flow estimated at 50,000 gpd", "source": "s10", "quote": "The Township will accept a maximum discharge rate of 1.15 cfs (0.75 mgd) of cooling tower blowdown during dry weather conditions only as defined in the Sanitary Operations and Discharge Agreement." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-12-12", "event": "Planet Detroit reports a developer pitching a 1-gigawatt data center for Van Buren Township.", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-02-11", "event": "Planning Commission grants preliminary site plan approval 5-2", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-03-17", "event": "Google and DTE Energy confirm Google as the company behind the project; Google commits to a contested case at the MPSC", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-05-13", "event": "Planning Commission approves site plan for substation/switching station", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-05-19", "event": "Board of Trustees meeting on the project; development agreement dated May 20", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-08-03", "event": "Michigan Attorney General files brief opposing DTE's proposed 80% minimum billing demand", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-10-01", "event": "Michigan Public Service Commission unanimously gives conditional approval to DTE Electric's 20-year special contracts to serve the Google campus, with protections including a minimum monthly billing demand and a termination payment", "source": "s11" }, { "date": "2026-10-14", "event": "Van Buren Township Planning Commission votes 5-1 to approve the final site plan; the report says Google is the final owner and operator and Panattoni is managing construction", "source": "s13" }, { "date": "2026-10-30", "event": "Michigan Attorney General petitions the Commission for rehearing of the contract approval, arguing the 20-year cost accounting could leave other customers subsidizing the data center in some years", "source": "s12" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised noise, utility use, and wildlife impacts; about 10 acres of wetlands would be filled (s2, s7)", "A citizens' petition against the project drew over 1,800 signatures (s4)", "DTE says the contracts would bring about $1.7 billion in affordability benefits for existing customers; the Attorney General and environmental groups have challenged contract terms (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Data Center FAQ", "publisher": "Charter Township of Van Buren", "url": "https://vbtmi.gov/departments/municipal_services/data_center_project.php", "date": "2026", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Van Buren Township advances 1 GW 'Project Cannoli' data center: 'It's a big decision'", "publisher": "Planet Detroit", "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/02/project-cannoli-preliminary-site-plan/", "date": "2026-02-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Van Buren Township OKs Google data center substation", "publisher": "Planet Detroit", "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/05/google-data-center-substation/", "date": "2026-05-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Van Buren Twp officials dole out $125 million in tax breaks for Google data center", "publisher": "The Midwesterner", "url": "https://www.themidwesterner.news/2026/05/van-buren-twp-officials-dole-out-125-million-in-tax-breaks-for-google-data-center/", "date": "2026-05-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Google and DTE announce Van Buren Township data center agreement, commit to contested case hearing", "publisher": "Michigan Advance", "url": "https://michiganadvance.com/2026/03/17/google-and-dte-announce-van-buren-township-data-center-agreement-commit-to-contested-case-hearing/", "date": "2026-03-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "DTE wants approval for Google data center power contracts: What's at stake with 1-gigawatt Van Buren Township project?", "publisher": "Planet Detroit", "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/09/google-dte-van-buren-data-center-contracts/", "date": "2026-09-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Data center plan heads to Van Buren Township board despite community opposition", "publisher": "WXYZ", "url": "https://www.wxyz.com/news/data-centers/data-center-plan-heads-to-van-buren-township-board-despite-community-opposition", "date": "2026-02-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Google confirmed as company behind Van Buren Township data center plan", "publisher": "CBS Detroit", "url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/detroit/news/google-van-buren-township-data-center-plan/", "date": "2026-03-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "AG Nessel Files Testimony to Protect Ratepayers in Google Data Center Proposal", "publisher": "Michigan Department of Attorney General", "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/ag/news/press-releases/2026/06/11/ag-nessel-files-testimony-to-protect-ratepayers-in-google-data-center-proposal", "type": "government", "date": "2026-06-11" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Development Agreement between PDC VBT, LLC and Charter Township of Van Buren", "publisher": "Charter Township of Van Buren", "url": "https://cms9files.revize.com/vanburentwp/Document_Center/Department/Municipal%20Services/Development%20Agreement%20VBT%202026.05.20%20final.pdf", "type": "government", "date": "2026-05-20" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "Google data center in Van Buren Township gets key approval from Michigan regulators", "publisher": "Michigan Public", "url": "https://www.michiganpublic.org/transportation-infrastructure/2026-10-02/google-data-center-michigan-van-buren-township", "date": "2026-10-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s12", "title": "Michigan AG challenges electricity contracts for Google data center outside Detroit", "publisher": "Michigan Public", "url": "https://www.michiganpublic.org/transportation-infrastructure/2026-10-30/michigan-ag-challenges-electricity-contracts-for-googles-massive-data-center-outside-detroit", "date": "2026-10-30", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s13", "title": "Google wins zoning approval for huge data center near Detroit airport", "publisher": "Michigan Public", "url": "https://www.michiganpublic.org/politics-government/2026-10-15/google-wins-zoning-approval-for-huge-data-center-near-detroit-airport", "date": "2026-10-15", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-05" }, { "slug": "sentinel-grove-st-lucie-county-fl", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/sentinel-grove-st-lucie-county-fl", "name": "Sentinel Grove Technology Park", "aka": [ "Project Jarvis" ], "city": "Fort Pierce", "county": "St. Lucie County", "state": "FL", "lat": 27.4467, "lng": -80.3256, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "paused", "statusNote": "Timberline announced a temporary pause after the planning board's 4-2 recommendation against; a county commissioner said in February 2026 the developer appears to have pulled back", "developer": "Timberline Real Estate Development", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Sentinel Grove Technology Park is a proposed $13.5 billion, 1,000-megawatt hyperscale data center on a 1,218-acre former citrus grove in rural St. Lucie County, Florida, at Orange Avenue and Minute Maid Road. The county Planning and Zoning Commission voted 4-2 in October 2025 to recommend against it, and Timberline Real Estate Development announced it would temporarily pause the project.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 13500000000, "source": "s1", "quote": "Plans for a $13.5 billion hyperscale data center — Sentinel Grove Technology Park, which would be built on former citrus groves at Orange Avenue and Minute Maid Road in rural St. Lucie County — were unveiled to the Planning and Zoning Commission Oct. 16." }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1000, "unit": "MW", "source": "s1", "quote": "Sentinel Grove would have a capacity of 1,000 megawatts — or 1 gigawatt — an electricity consumption comparable to a city of 1 million residents." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1218, "source": "s1", "quote": "The 1,218‑acre site would house up to 15 million square feet — more than 260 football fields — of computer systems, server racks and other data-center infrastructure across several buildings." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 15000000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "up to 15 million square feet", "source": "s1", "quote": "The 1,218‑acre site would house up to 15 million square feet" }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "Parcel already has a water use allocation of 2.2 million gallons per day", "source": "s2", "quote": "She noted that the parcel is already allocated for 2.2 million gallons of water use per day." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "St. Lucie County Planning and Zoning Commission recommended against the project on a 4-2 vote", "source": "s1", "quote": "The Planning and Zoning Commission voted 4-2 to recommend against approving development, citing concerns of stormwater runoff, construction traffic and urban sprawl." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Land at Orange Avenue and Minute Maid Road, formerly citrus groves, owned by Epic Estates", "source": "s1", "quote": "The land is owned by Tallahassee-based land banking investment firm Epic Estates, which purchased it for $15 million in July 2024, according to the St. Lucie County Property Appraiser's Office." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Rezoning of a 1,200-acre parcel sought; planning board recommended against", "source": "s4", "quote": "The planning and zoning board of St. Lucie County recently voted against recommending a developer's proposal for rezoning a 1,200-acre parcel for multiple buildings around 60 feet tall." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-07", "event": "Epic Estates purchases the land for $15 million", "source": "s1", "quote": "The land is owned by Tallahassee-based land banking investment firm Epic Estates, which purchased it for $15 million in July 2024, according to the St. Lucie County Property Appraiser's Office." }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Planning and Zoning Commission votes 4-2 to recommend against the proposal", "source": "s2", "quote": "In October, the county planning and zoning board voted 4-2 against recommending the developers' proposal." }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Timberline announces it will temporarily pause the project", "source": "s1", "quote": "A day later, Timberline Real Estate Development, part of the development team, announced it would 'temporarily pause' the project." }, { "date": "2026-02", "event": "County Commissioner Cathy Townsend says the developer appears to have pulled back in anticipation of new state legislation", "source": "s3", "quote": "St. Lucie County Commissioner Cathy Townsend said the developer behind Sentinel Grove Technology Park — one of the proposed projects that sparked community outrage across Southeast Florida — appears to have pulled back in anticipation of the new legislation." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The planning board cited stormwater runoff, construction traffic and urban sprawl (s1)", "Neighboring residents raised concerns about traffic, light pollution and water consumption (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Massive data center, one of the world's largest, proposed in rural Treasure Coast", "publisher": "TCPalm (via AOL)", "url": "https://www.aol.com/articles/massive-data-center-one-worlds-090530682.html", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Proposed 15 million square-foot AI data center in St. Lucie County faces pushback", "publisher": "WPTV", "url": "https://www.wptv.com/news/treasure-coast/region-st-lucie-county/proposed-15-million-square-feet-ai-data-center-in-st-lucie-county-faces-push-back", "date": "2025-12-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "SCRAPPED? Developer of St. Lucie County data center project may withdraw plan amid new AI legislation", "publisher": "WPTV", "url": "https://www.wptv.com/wptv-investigates/scrapped-developer-of-st-lucie-county-data-center-project-may-withdraw-plan-amid-new-ai-legislation", "date": "2026-02-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Proposals for massive data centers are popping up across Florida. Are local governments prepared?", "publisher": "WUSF", "url": "https://wusf.org/text/environment/2026-02-16/proposals-massive-data-centers-across-florida-are-local-governments-prepared", "date": "2026-02-16", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "stafford-technology-campus-stafford-county-va", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/stafford-technology-campus-stafford-county-va", "name": "Stafford Technology Campus", "aka": [], "city": null, "county": "Stafford County", "state": "VA", "lat": 38.4221, "lng": -77.4083, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "First building topped out in May 2026; rezoning approved September 2024", "developer": "Stack Infrastructure", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Stafford Technology Campus is Stafford County's largest approved data center project, on about 504 acres on both sides of Eskimo Hill Road near the Rappahannock Regional Landfill, planned at approximately 5.5 million square feet with 23 buildings and six substations. The Board of Supervisors approved the rezoning 6-1 in September 2024, and the rezoned property was sold for $302.3 million to an entity representing Stack Infrastructure. County figures now list the campus at 5.8 million square feet and 20 buildings. Stack held a topping-out ceremony for the first building in May 2026, and the Fredericksburg Free Press reports that Stack is partnering with Amazon Web Services on the project.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 504, "source": "s2", "quote": "The board voted to allow 504 acres on both sides of Eskimo Hill Road to be rezoned from agricultural to light industrial" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 5500000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "as approved in 2024", "source": "s2", "quote": "The campus itself is estimated at approximately 5.5 million square feet." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 5800000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "county 'Approved Data Center Sites' table", "source": "s4", "quote": "Stafford Technology Campus | 5,800,000 | 20" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 23, "note": "as approved in 2024", "source": "s2", "quote": "a data center campus with 23 buildings and six electric substations" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 20, "note": "county 'Approved Data Center Sites' table", "source": "s4", "quote": "Stafford Technology Campus | 5,800,000 | 20" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Developer agreed to fund $58 million in county capital improvement projects, including water and sewer infrastructure", "source": "s2", "quote": "The developer, Peterson Cos., has also agreed to fund $58 million in capital improvement projects for the county" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Stafford Board of Supervisors approved rezoning 6-1 (September 2024)", "source": "s2", "quote": "In a 6-to-1 vote, the supervisors approved the county's largest data center project to date." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Rezoned from agricultural to light industrial", "source": "s2", "quote": "rezoned from agricultural to light industrial with the intent that the property become a data center campus" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1000, "unit": "MW", "note": "1 gigawatt, as reported", "source": "s8", "quote": "will be able to draw and distribute 1 gigawatt of electrical power" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Dominion Energy", "note": "company statement: six 300 MW substations", "source": "s9", "quote": "six 300MW substations supplied by Dominion Energy" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Reclaimed (purple pipe) water", "note": "company statement, for permanent industrial cooling", "source": "s9", "quote": "re-claimed (purple pipe) water system for permanent industrial cooling" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1000, "note": "company statement: over 1,000 at peak", "source": "s9", "quote": "over 1,000 construction jobs during peak development" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-08", "event": "Supervisors defer vote on the rezoning after a late proffer statement", "source": "s1", "quote": "The Stafford County Board of Supervisors voted Tuesday to defer deciding on the Stafford Technology Campus comprehensive plan and rezoning application until its Sept. 17 meeting." }, { "date": "2024-09-17", "event": "Board of Supervisors approves the rezoning 6-1", "source": "s2", "quote": "In a 6-to-1 vote, the supervisors approved the county's largest data center project to date." }, { "date": "2025-01", "event": "Stafford Technology LC sells the roughly 500-acre property for $302.3 million to an entity representing Stack Infrastructure", "source": "s3", "quote": "The buyer was SI NVA07A LLC, a Denver-based entity representing data center developer Stack Infrastructure. The seller was Stafford Technology LC, an affiliate of the Peterson Companies." }, { "date": "2025-12", "event": "Board of Supervisors unanimously grandfathers the campus and four other projects under pre-October 2025 rules", "source": "s5", "quote": "continue under the rules existing before Oct. 21." }, { "date": "2026-05", "event": "Stack holds a topping-out ceremony for the first building on the campus", "source": "s6", "quote": "STACK Infrastructure on Friday celebrated progress on its 500-acre Stafford County data center campus with a \"topping-out ceremony\" on the first building being constructed at the site." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Supervisors cited energy use, road improvements and water usage as concerns (s1)", "The lone dissenting supervisor raised concerns about project phasing and the use of potable water before a water reuse system is built (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Stafford supervisors defer vote on Stafford Technology Campus", "publisher": "Fredericksburg Free Press", "url": "https://www.fredericksburgfreepress.com/2024/08/21/stafford-supervisors-defer-vote-on-stafford-technology-campus/", "date": "2024-08-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "A big deal: Stafford's largest data center gets green light", "publisher": "Fredericksburg Free Press", "url": "https://www.fredericksburgfreepress.com/2024/09/19/stafford-data-center-gets-green-light/", "date": "2024-09-19", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Biz Beat Roundup: $302M land sale closes in Stafford", "publisher": "Fredericksburg Free Press", "url": "https://www.fredericksburgfreepress.com/2025/02/05/biz-beat-roundup-302m-land-sale-closes-in-stafford/", "date": "2025-02-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Data Centers", "publisher": "Stafford County", "url": "https://staffordcountyva.gov/government/departments_p-z/planning_and_zoning/data_centers/index.php", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Stafford supervisors grandfather five data center projects that predate new regulations", "publisher": "Fredericksburg Free Press", "url": "https://www.fredericksburgfreepress.com/2025/12/04/stafford-supervisors-after-approving-new-rules-grandfather-five-data-center-projects/", "date": "2025-12-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Biz Beat Roundup: Fredericksburg Regional Alliance gets new name, brand", "publisher": "Fredericksburg Free Press", "url": "https://www.fredericksburgfreepress.com/2026/05/13/biz-beat-roundup-fredericksburg-regional-alliance-gets-new-name-brand/", "date": "2026-05-13", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Stack tops out first building at 1GW data center campus in Stafford County, Virginia", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/stack-tops-out-first-building-at-1gw-data-center-campus-in-stafford-county-virginia/", "date": "2026-05-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "'You have to talk neighbor-to-neighbor about this:' League of Women Voters holds community conversation on data centers", "publisher": "Fredericksburg Free Press", "url": "https://www.fredericksburgfreepress.com/2026/09/22/you-have-to-talk-neighbor-to-neighbor-about-this-league-of-women-voters-holds-community-conversation-on-data-centers/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-09-22" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "STACK Infrastructure Announces Landmark 1+GW Stafford Technology Campus in Northern Virginia", "publisher": "STACK Infrastructure", "url": "https://www.stackinfra.com/about/news-press/press-releases/stack-infrastructure-announces-landmark-1gw-stafford-technology-campus-in-northern-virginia/", "type": "company", "date": "2025-01-16" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-24" }, { "slug": "natelli-vance-county-nc", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/natelli-vance-county-nc", "name": "Natelli data center, U.S. 158", "aka": [], "city": null, "county": "Vance County", "state": "NC", "lat": 36.365481, "lng": -78.405434, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Natelli Holdings decided to file a development plan in September 2026, days before commissioners adopted a 60-day data center moratorium", "developer": "Natelli Holdings", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Maryland-based Natelli Holdings is developing a 900-megawatt, four million square foot data center in Vance County, off US 158 and Poplar Creek Road, according to The Daily Dispatch. In a letter dated Sept. 9, 2026, the developer told county leaders it had decided to file a plan for development of the site, and on Sept. 14 commissioners voted 5-2 for a 60-day data center moratorium. Earlier, in April 2026, commissioners voted 6-1 to rezone a 40-acre Natelli Investments parcel on US-158 Business near Henderson to Light Industrial; the sources do not say whether that parcel is part of the 900 MW site.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 900, "unit": "MW", "source": "s4", "quote": "Maryland-based company Natelli Holdings is developing a four million square foot, 900-megawatt data center off US 158 and Poplar Creek Road in what was once Triangle North Vance." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 4000000, "source": "s4", "quote": "Maryland-based company Natelli Holdings is developing a four million square foot, 900-megawatt data center off US 158 and Poplar Creek Road in what was once Triangle North Vance." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 500, "note": "WIZS describes the tract of the opposed data center development as roughly 500 acres along U.S. Hwy. 158 but does not name the developer in that article; the April 2026 rezoning covered a 40-acre parcel (DatacenterDynamics)", "source": "s3", "quote": "During two public hearings – both involving data centers – commissioners on Monday heard from members of the public who oppose the data center development on a roughly 500-acre tract along U.S. Hwy. 158." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "40-acre parcel on US-158 Business near Henderson, between Horseshoe Bend Road and Pine Meadow Trail, rezoned from Employment and Institutional to Light Industrial", "note": "Request by Natelli Investments; unclear whether this parcel is part of the 900 MW site off US 158 and Poplar Creek Road", "source": "s1", "quote": "Natelli Investments is looking to rezone a 40-acre parcel near Henderson on US-158 Business, between Pine Meadow Trail and Horseshoe Bend Road, from Employment and Institutional to Light Industrial." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Vance County Board of Commissioners approved the rezoning 6-1 in April 2026", "source": "s1", "quote": "As reported by WRAL and the Henderson Dispatch, the Vance County board of commissioners voted 6-1 this week to approve the rezoning of land that could be used to develop a data center." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Duke Energy", "note": "the developer says it has held talks with Duke Energy on energy availability", "source": "s2", "quote": "along with environmental impact studies and talks with Duke Energy to make sure adequate energy is available" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-03", "event": "Vance County Planning Board unanimously approves the Natelli rezoning request", "source": "s1", "quote": "The Vance County planning board unanimously approved the rezoning request in March." }, { "date": "2026-04", "event": "Vance County Board of Commissioners votes 6-1 to rezone land that could be used for a data center", "source": "s1", "quote": "As reported by WRAL and the Henderson Dispatch, the Vance County board of commissioners voted 6-1 this week to approve the rezoning of land that could be used to develop a data center." }, { "date": "2026-04-06", "event": "Vance County Board of Commissioners delays a decision on the rezoning", "source": "s1", "quote": "The county board delayed making a decision at its April 6 meeting." }, { "date": "2026-09-09", "event": "Tom Natelli of Natelli Holdings writes to county commissioners and the planning board that the company has decided to file a plan for development of its site along U.S. 158", "source": "s2", "quote": "A data center developer has sent a letter to county leaders stating that it has \"reluctantly\" made a decision to file a plan for development of a site along U.S. Hwy. 158. The letter, dated Sept. 9, was sent via email to the Vance County Board of Commissioners" }, { "date": "2026-09-14", "event": "Vance County Board of Commissioners votes 5-2 to adopt a 60-day moratorium on data center development after two public hearings", "source": "s3", "quote": "The Vance County Board of Commissioners voted 5-2 to put a 60-day moratorium in place for data center development." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "WIZS reports the moratorium ends Nov. 13 or when the county amends the data center requirements in its zoning ordinance (s3)", "The Daily Dispatch reports Natelli has secured 'permit choice', which lets developers who apply before new standards are adopted choose which rules to follow (s4)", "Natelli sent the county a red-lined copy of the draft Unified Development Ordinance with preferred edits on setbacks, buffers, cooling systems and decommissioning (s2)", "Residents at the September hearings opposed the project and many asked for a longer moratorium; some raised concerns about the Kerr Reservoir (s3, s4)", "DatacenterDynamics names the April 2026 applicant as Natelli Investments; WIZS and The Daily Dispatch name Natelli Holdings (s1, s2, s4)", "DatacenterDynamics reports Natelli previously proposed a 250 MW campus in Apex, N.C., and withdrew that application (s1)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Officials in North Carolina County give ok for rezoning, potential data center incoming", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/officials-in-north-carolina-county-give-ok-for-rezoning-potential-data-center-incoming/", "date": "2026-04-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Data Center Developer Files Plan With County Amid Talk Of Moratorium, UDO Revision", "publisher": "WIZS", "url": "https://wizs.com/data-center-developer-files-plan-with-county-amid-talk-of-moratorium-udo-revision/", "date": "2026-09-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "TownTalk: Vance County Commissioners Adopt 60-Day Data Center Moratorium", "publisher": "WIZS", "url": "https://wizs.com/towntalk-vance-county-commissioners-adopt-60-day-moratorium/", "date": "2026-09-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "County adopts 60-day moratorium", "publisher": "The Daily Dispatch (Henderson)", "url": "https://www.hendersondispatch.com/archives/county-adopts-60-day-moratorium/article_d7e823aa-00c3-527e-8cd0-014b0cceebd8.html", "date": "2026-09-16", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-24" }, { "slug": "project-sail-coweta-county-ga", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-sail-coweta-county-ga", "name": "Project Sail", "aka": [], "city": "Newnan", "county": "Coweta County", "state": "GA", "lat": 33.38, "lng": -84.8, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Rezoning approved 3-2 in April 2026; residents' appeal pending in Coweta County Superior Court (filed 2026-05-05)", "developer": "Atlas Development LLC", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Project Sail is a proposed nine-building, roughly 4.3 million sq ft hyperscale data center campus on about 829-832 acres near Sargent Road and Wagers Mill Road near Welcome, outside Newnan. Atlas Development filed the plan in early 2025, and AJC and DCD identify Prologis as the developer; press reports put it at about 900 MW and $17 billion. Coweta commissioners approved the rezoning from rural conservation to industrial 3-2 in April 2026, and residents sued to reverse it in May 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 900, "unit": "MW", "note": "estimated power use", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 829, "note": "DCD and Times-Herald report 832 acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 9, "note": "original 2025 plan called for 13 buildings", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 4340000, "source": "s4" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 17000000000, "source": "s3" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 300000, "note": "approximate, per Times-Herald", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Original 2025 filing projected completion by 2036-12-31", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 6000000, "unit": "gal/day", "note": "Chattahoochee Riverkeeper figure at peak operation and full buildout (Sept. 2025 fact sheet, on the earlier plan); conflicts with the Times-Herald figure of about 300,000 gal/day in the record", "source": "s8", "quote": "At peak operation and full buildout, the data center campus will use 6 million gallons of water per day" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-12-31", "event": "Atlas Development proposes $17B, 13-building data center campus", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2025-05", "event": "Reports emerge of potential sale to Prologis", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-01", "event": "Rezoning request revised from light industrial to industrial", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-04-07", "event": "Board of Commissioners approves rezoning 3-2 (McKenzie and Blackburn opposed)", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-05-05", "event": "Residents file appeal and declaratory judgment petition in Coweta County Superior Court against the county and Atlas Development", "source": "s2" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Bockrath et al. v. Coweta County and Atlas Development LLC", "court": "Coweta County Superior Court", "filed": "2026-05-05", "status": "pending", "summary": "Residents' petition seeks to void the rezoning of about 829 acres from Rural Conservation to Industrial, alleging procedural and environmental violations.", "source": "s2", "quote": "The petition, filed May 5 in Coweta County Superior Court against Coweta County and Atlas Development LLC, asks a judge to void the rezoning of approximately 829 acres near Sargent Road and Wagers Mill Road from Rural Conservation to Industrial zoning." } ], "issues": [ "Opponents (Citizens for Rural Coweta) call the rezoning spot zoning creating an industrial island (s1)", "Lawsuit alleges procedural violations and disregard for groundwater recharge areas, wetlands and watershed impacts, and says a new regional impact review was required (s2)", "Annual tax revenue estimate was revised from about $1 billion to about $100 million (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Coweta Commissioners Approve Project Sail Data Center in 3–2 Vote", "publisher": "The Citizen", "url": "https://thecitizen.com/2026/04/10/coweta-commissioners-approve-project-sail-data-center-in-3-2-vote/", "date": "2026-04-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Coweta Residents Sue to Block Project Sail Data Center", "publisher": "The Citizen", "url": "https://thecitizen.com/2026/05/11/coweta-residents-sue-to-block-project-sail-data-center/", "date": "2026-05-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Coweta votes to turn this 800-acre forest into $17B data center campus", "publisher": "Atlanta Journal-Constitution", "url": "https://www.ajc.com/business/2026/04/coweta-votes-to-turn-this-800-acre-forest-into-17b-data-center-campus/", "date": "2026-04-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Prologis' 900MW 'Project Sail' gets the go-ahead in Coweta County, Georgia", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/prologis-900mw-project-sail-gets-the-go-ahead-in-coweta-county-georgia/", "date": "2026-04-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Plans for $17 billion 'Project Sail' data center proposed for Coweta County", "publisher": "WSB-TV", "url": "https://www.wsbtv.com/news/local/coweta-county/plans-17-billion-project-sail-data-center-proposed-coweta-county/FESMAPZCOZE5JERPQXJWTIZRCY/", "date": "2025-01-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Coweta residents file appeal to reverse Project Sail zoning decision", "publisher": "The Times-Herald", "url": "https://www.times-herald.com/data_center/coweta-residents-file-appeal-to-reverse-project-sail-zoning-decision/article_819c2d7f-7539-4562-84d7-19026b64a832.html", "date": "2026-05-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Where Coweta's five proposed data centers stand", "publisher": "The Times-Herald", "url": "https://www.times-herald.com/data_center/where-cowetas-five-proposed-data-centers-stand/article_55ee204a-0e00-43e4-9ad1-78c92b679d06.html", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Coweta County Project Sail Data Center FAQ", "publisher": "Chattahoochee Riverkeeper", "url": "https://chattahoochee.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Project-Sail-Fact-Sheet-September-2025.pdf", "type": "other", "date": "2025-09" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "crossroads-technology-campus-spotsylvania-county-va", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/crossroads-technology-campus-spotsylvania-county-va", "name": "Crossroads Technology Campus", "aka": [ "SUP26-0003" ], "city": null, "county": "Spotsylvania County", "state": "VA", "lat": 38.2021, "lng": -77.5889, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Planning Commission recommended approval 4-2 in September 2026; Board of Supervisors decision pending", "developer": "RCK Digital Crossroads LLC", "endUsers": [ "Amazon Web Services" ], "summary": "Crossroads Technology Campus is a proposed data center campus of about 555 acres in Spotsylvania County's Lee Hill District, with seven 100-megawatt data center buildings totaling about 2.1 million square feet and three substation sites. The applicant is RCK Digital Crossroads LLC, and an attorney for the developers said Amazon is the end user. The Planning Commission voted 4-2 to recommend approval of the special use permit in September 2026 over resident objections.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 555.05, "source": "s1", "quote": "consisting of approximately 555.05 acres" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 7, "source": "s1", "quote": "seven 100-megawatt data center buildings" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 2100000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s1", "quote": "approximately 2.1 million square-feet of data center buildings" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 894, "unit": "MW", "note": "estimated electric load on utility information form", "source": "s2", "quote": "Estimated Electric Load (MW): 894MW" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Rappahannock Electric Cooperative (distribution); Dominion Energy (transmission)", "source": "s2", "quote": "Anticipated Transmission Voltage: 230kV. The transmission provider for the Project Location is: Dominion Energy." }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 1000000, "note": "reuse water for cooling", "source": "s1", "quote": "1 million gallons of reuse water per day" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Reuse water; potable water not to be used for cooling", "source": "s1", "quote": "potable water will not be used" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Tax Map Parcels 37-A-20, 37-A-21 and 37-A-17D", "source": "s1", "quote": "Tax Map Parcels 37-A-20, 37-A-21, and 37-A-17D" }, { "field": "nearest_residence", "value": "Minimum 400-foot building setback from residentially zoned properties and 300-foot vegetated buffer (conditions)", "source": "s3", "quote": "a minimum 400-foot building setback from residentially zoned properties" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Special use permit (SUP26-0003)", "source": "s4", "quote": "SUP26-0003 Crossroads Technology Campus" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-07", "event": "Residents pack Board of Supervisors and Planning Commission meetings to challenge the project", "source": "s5", "quote": "Spotsylvania residents pack meetings this week to challenge data center project" }, { "date": "2026-08-07", "event": "Utility information form filed estimating 894 MW electric load", "source": "s2", "quote": "Estimated Electric Load (MW): 894MW" }, { "date": "2026-09-16", "event": "Planning Commission votes 4-2 to recommend approval of the special use permit", "source": "s3", "quote": "The commission voted 4-2 to recommend approval of a special-use permit for Amazon Web Services to construct a data center campus on 555 acres in the Lee Hill District." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about power, water, noise and pollution (s5)", "A resident told commissioners they were \"selling out your neighbors for projections, not actual numbers\" (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "SUP26-0003 Crossroads Technology Campus: 5th Submission Narrative", "publisher": "Spotsylvania County", "url": "https://www.spotsylvania.va.us/DocumentCenter/View/40289/5th-Submission-Narrative-", "date": "2026-08-26", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "REC High Energy Use Facility (HEUF) Utility Information Form – Crossroads Technology Campus", "publisher": "Spotsylvania County", "url": "https://www.spotsylvania.va.us/DocumentCenter/View/41645/REC-High-Energy-Use-Facility-HEUF-Utility-Information-Form_Crossroads-Technology-Campus", "date": "2026-08-07", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Spotsylvania Planning Commission recommends approval of 555-acre data center campus", "publisher": "Fredericksburg Free Press", "url": "https://www.fredericksburgfreepress.com/2026/09/17/spotsylvania-planning-commission-recommends-approval-of-555-acre-data-center-campus/", "date": "2026-09-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Data Center FAQs", "publisher": "Spotsylvania County", "url": "https://www.spotsylvania.va.us/3241/Data-Center-FAQs", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "At a Crossroads: Spotsylvania residents pack meetings this week to challenge data center project", "publisher": "Fredericksburg Free Press", "url": "https://www.fredericksburgfreepress.com/2026/07/16/at-a-crossroads-spotsylvania-residents-pack-meetings-this-week-to-challenge-data-center-project/", "date": "2026-07-16", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "brightseat-tech-park-landover-md", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/brightseat-tech-park-landover-md", "name": "Brightseat Tech Park", "aka": [ "Landover Mall data center" ], "city": "Landover", "county": "Prince George's County", "state": "MD", "lat": 38.934, "lng": -76.896, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Planning approvals granted in 2024; County Council approved a two-year data center moratorium in July 2026", "developer": "Lerner Enterprises", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Lerner Enterprises' Brightseat Tech Park would develop around 4.1 million square feet of data center space on the 87-acre former Landover Mall site, with 820MW across five data centers and up to $5 billion invested. The Prince George's County Planning Board unanimously approved the application in March 2024. In September 2025 the county executive delayed data center approvals, and in July 2026 the County Council approved a two-year moratorium on data center permitting and development.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 87, "unit": "acres", "source": "s2", "quote": "Spanning an 87-acre site, the Brightseat Tech Park project would span around 4.1 million sq ft (380,900 sqm) of potential data center space." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 4100000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "around 4.1 million sq ft of potential data center space", "source": "s2", "quote": "Spanning an 87-acre site, the Brightseat Tech Park project would span around 4.1 million sq ft (380,900 sqm) of potential data center space." }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 820, "unit": "MW", "note": "across five data centers", "source": "s3", "quote": "820MW across five data centers" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 5, "source": "s6", "quote": "a 'hyperscale' data center that would feature five buildings and use 820 megawatts of electricity, enough to power 656,000 homes at any given time." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 5000000000, "note": "up to $5 billion", "source": "s3", "quote": "could see up to $5 billion invested" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Early-stage application filed for a 'qualified data center' on the site", "source": "s2", "quote": "Lerner, as a potential backup if it lost out, last year filed an early-stage application with Prince George's County's land use regulatory agency for a 'qualified data center' on the site." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-08-16", "event": "Reports say Lerner has filed a natural resources inventory for the former Landover Mall site, a first step toward a data center, while the site competes for the FBI headquarters", "source": "s1", "quote": "the first step toward the development of a data center" }, { "date": "2024-03", "event": "Prince George's County Planning Board unanimously approves Lerner's application to develop data centers on the site", "source": "s2", "quote": "Prince George's County Planning Board last week unanimously approved Lerner's application to develop data centers on the site in Landover, to the east of Washington DC." }, { "date": "2024-10", "event": "Project gains final plan approvals", "source": "s3", "quote": "gained final plan approvals this month" }, { "date": "2025-09", "event": "County Executive Aisha Braveboy signs executive order delaying data center approvals until Dec. 31; County Council votes unanimously for a six-month pause", "source": "s4", "quote": "County Executive Aisha Braveboy signed an executive order on Monday that delays the approval process for data centers until Dec. 31." }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "County Council approves a two-year moratorium on data center permitting and development", "source": "s8", "quote": "Council members approved a two-year moratorium, or temporary ban, on data center permitting and development in July." }, { "date": "2026-09", "event": "Council committee unanimously recommends legislation to reinstate detailed site plan review for data centers", "source": "s8", "quote": "Members of the council's Planning, Housing and Economic Development Committee unanimously recommended the new legislation on Thursday" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "A resident petition against the project gathered more than 21,000 signatures (s6)", "Opponents cite environmental concerns and potential energy and water use (s5)", "Council Chair Krystal Oriadha described the Landover Mall project, which the county is trying to stop, as harmful (s7)", "Lerner Enterprises had not applied for additional permits as of January 2026, according to a council member (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Landover Mall site earmarked for FBI headquarters could become data center instead", "publisher": "NBC4 Washington", "url": "https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/prince-georges-county/landover-mall-site-earmarked-for-fbi-headquarters-could-become-data-center-instead/3405776/", "date": "2023-08-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Maryland planning board approves Lerner's application for data centers on former mall site", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/maryland-planning-board-approves-lerners-application-for-data-centers-on-former-mall-site/", "date": "2024-03-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Lerner's Maryland data center campus could total 820MW", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/lerners-maryland-data-center-campus-could-total-820mw/", "date": "2024-10-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Prince George's County leaders pause data center development plans amid resident concerns", "publisher": "The Diamondback", "url": "https://dbknews.com/2025/09/19/prince-georges-county-data-center/", "date": "2025-09-19", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Dozens rally in Prince George's County against data center project at abandoned mall site", "publisher": "WTOP News", "url": "https://wtop.com/maryland/2025/09/dozens-rally-against-data-center-project-at-abandoned-mall-site/", "date": "2025-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Data centers spark 'fight for the soul' of a mostly Black MD county", "publisher": "The Daily Record (The Washington Post)", "url": "https://thedailyrecord.com/2026/01/02/landsover-mall-data-center-opposition-prince-georges/", "date": "2026-01-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Two-year moratorium on data center development passes in Prince George's Co.", "publisher": "WTOP News", "url": "https://wtop.com/prince-georges-county/2026/07/prince-georges-co-extends-pause-on-hyperscale-data-center-development/", "date": "2026-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Prince George's County Council advances bill to reinstate data center site plan reviews", "publisher": "The Diamondback", "url": "https://dbknews.com/2026/09/17/data-centers-prince-georges-county/", "date": "2026-09-18", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "cologix-johnstown-campus-licking-county-oh", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/cologix-johnstown-campus-licking-county-oh", "name": "Cologix Johnstown Campus", "aka": [], "city": "Johnstown", "county": "Licking County", "state": "OH", "lat": 40.1487, "lng": -82.6835, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Announced November 2024 with construction expected to start in 2025; no start or local approval has been confirmed in the sources reviewed", "developer": "Cologix", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Cologix, a Denver-based data center provider that already runs four facilities in Columbus, announced an eight-building AI-ready campus on 154 acres at Johnstown in western Licking County. The company put the investment at $7 billion and the scale at up to 800 MW, in about 2 million square feet. Cologix said first-phase construction would begin in 2025. Local reporting in June 2025 still described work as expected to begin later that year.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 800, "unit": "MW", "note": "up to, scalable capacity, as stated by Cologix", "source": "s1", "quote": "up to 800 MW of scalable capacity" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 7000000000, "note": "company-stated plan for the eight-building campus", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 154, "unit": "acres", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 8, "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 2000000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "operating space, as stated by Cologix", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First-phase construction expected to begin in 2025", "source": "s1" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-11-20", "event": "Cologix announces a $7 billion, eight-building campus of up to 800 MW on 154 acres in Johnstown", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2024-11-21", "event": "Local television reports the campus location in Johnstown, Licking County, and the 154-acre size", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-06-23", "event": "Trade report says work on the Johnstown campus is expected to begin later in 2025", "source": "s3" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Cologix plans $7 billion, 800-MW data center complex in Ohio", "publisher": "POWER Magazine", "url": "https://www.powermag.com/cologix-plans-7-billion-800-mw-data-center-complex-in-ohio", "date": "2024-11-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Data center company Cologix buys land in Licking County", "publisher": "WSYX / ABC 6 (myfox28columbus.com)", "url": "https://myfox28columbus.com/news/local/data-center-company-cologix-buys-land-licking-county-ai-ready", "date": "2024-11-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Cologix breaks ground on $1 billion datacenter in Central Ohio", "publisher": "Columbus Construction", "url": "https://columbusconstruction.org/?p=5066", "date": "2025-06-23", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-05" }, { "slug": "viridian-gm-site-janesville-wi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/viridian-gm-site-janesville-wi", "name": "Viridian Data Center Campus (former GM/JATCO site)", "aka": [], "city": "Janesville", "county": "Rock County", "state": "WI", "lat": 42.6828, "lng": -89.0187, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "cancelled", "statusNote": "City council voted in June 2026 not to extend the letter of intent with Viridian", "developer": "Viridian Partners (Viridian Acquisitions LLC)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Colorado-based Viridian proposed buying and cleaning up the former General Motors assembly plant site in Janesville, Wisconsin, and converting it into an 11-building, 800-megawatt data center campus with an investment of over $8 billion. The city council approved a letter of intent 5-2 in November 2025, but in June 2026 the council voted not to extend it, taking the data center off the table.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 8000000000, "note": "over $8 billion, per Viridian", "source": "s1", "quote": "Erik Zitek, the director of development for Viridian, said the total investment in the campus would be over $8 billion." }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 800, "unit": "MW", "source": "s1", "quote": "The project is expected to need up to 800 megawatts of power." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 250, "note": "roughly 250-acre site", "source": "s1", "quote": "The letter of intent, with Colorado-based Viridian Acquisitions LLC, is the first step towards a project going up on the roughly 250-acre site." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 11, "source": "s2", "quote": "The site would then be converted to an 11-building, 800 megawatt data center campus." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 600, "note": "roughly 600, per Viridian estimates", "source": "s2", "quote": "The project has won the backing of the local chapter of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers thanks to Viridian's estimates that it would create roughly 600 permanent jobs, as well as 13,000 jobs during construction." }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1200, "note": "Viridian estimate, as reported by WPR", "source": "s1", "quote": "He said the project could create 1,200 construction jobs and the campus could employ 600 people." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Alliant Energy", "note": "new substation with Alliant and American Transmission Company, per proposal", "source": "s2", "quote": "Viridian and its development partner, Virginia-based Abbleby Strategy Group, would work with Alliant Energy and American Transmission Company to develop a new electrical substation for grid interconnection" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Janesville City Council approved the letter of intent 5-2 (November 2025)", "source": "s1", "quote": "The council voted 5-2 to approve the letter of intent." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-06", "event": "City of Janesville begins discussions with Viridian Partners on redeveloping the former GM site", "source": "s3", "quote": "Municipal records show the City of Janesville first launched discussions with data center developer Viridian Partners over redevelopment of the former General Motors site in late June 2024" }, { "date": "2025-11", "event": "Janesville City Council approves a letter of intent with Viridian 5-2", "source": "s1", "quote": "The Janesville City Council Monday approved a letter of intent with a developer for the redevelopment of the former General Motors assembly plant site for a potential data center campus." }, { "date": "2026-02-09", "event": "City Council places a citizen initiative requiring voter approval for projects over $450 million at the GM/JATCO site on the Nov. 3, 2026 ballot", "source": "s4", "quote": "On Feb. 9, 2026, the Janesville City Council voted to include the ballot initiative on the general election ballot." }, { "date": "2026-06", "event": "City Council votes not to extend the letter of intent with Viridian", "source": "s5", "quote": "With a proposed data center off the table for the former GM/JATCO site in Janesville, the city is asking residents what they want built there." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The site requires remediation of contaminated soil, a cleanup estimated at $30 million (s2)", "A citizen initiative on the Nov. 3, 2026 ballot would require voter approval for development over $450 million on undeveloped portions of the GM/JATCO site (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Janesville moves forward with data center plans for abandoned GM site", "publisher": "WPR", "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/janesville-data-center-abandoned-gm-site", "date": "2025-11-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "No one wanted to redevelop this polluted property. Then came AI.", "publisher": "E&E News by POLITICO", "url": "https://www.eenews.net/articles/no-one-wanted-to-redevelop-this-polluted-property-then-came-ai/", "date": "2026-03-30", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Records: City of Janesville, developer launched talks on GM site data center in mid-2024", "publisher": "The Gazette (gazettextra.com)", "url": "https://www.gazettextra.com/news/records-city-of-janesville-developer-launched-talks-on-gm-site-data-center-in-mid-2024/article_e23bc323-dfad-4850-8b5b-a81183bc7402.html", "date": "2026-05-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Janesville, Wisconsin, voters to decide Nov. 3, 2026, initiative requiring approval for development projects exceeding $450 million at GM/JATCO site, such as proposed data center", "publisher": "Ballotpedia News", "url": "https://news.ballotpedia.org/2026/02/12/janesville-wisconsin-voters-to-decide-nov-3-2026-initiative-requiring-approval-for-development-projects-exceeding-450-million-at-gm-jatco-site-such-as-proposed-data-center/", "date": "2026-02-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Janesville seeks public input on former GM/JATCO site redevelopment", "publisher": "WMTV 15 News", "url": "https://www.wmtv15news.com/2026/06/27/janesville-seeks-public-input-former-gmjatco-site-redevelopment/", "date": "2026-06-26", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "lake-mariner-somerset-ny", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/lake-mariner-somerset-ny", "name": "Lake Mariner", "aka": [ "TeraWulf Lake Mariner" ], "city": "Somerset", "county": "Niagara County", "state": "NY", "lat": 43.3281, "lng": -78.5536, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "operating", "statusNote": "102 MW of AI capacity online July 2026; 336 MW (CB-4, CB-5) under construction", "developer": "TeraWulf", "endUsers": [ "Fluidstack" ], "summary": "TeraWulf's data center campus on the site of a former coal-fired power plant in Somerset, Niagara County, New York, which began with bitcoin mining and is expanding into AI hosting for Fluidstack, with Google backstopping part of Fluidstack's lease obligations. TeraWulf reported 102 MW of revenue-generating AI capacity online in July 2026, with 336 MW more under construction in buildings CB-4 and CB-5. Power comes mainly from New York Power Authority hydropower plus NYSEG.", "facts": [ { "field": "it_mw", "value": 360, "unit": "MW", "note": "Fluidstack total contracted critical IT at Lake Mariner after the CB-5 lease; release says approximately 360 MW", "source": "s2", "quote": "increases to approximately 360 MW" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 750, "unit": "MW", "note": "total power allocated from NYSEG and NYPA, per Niagara Gazette (s4); Techzine (s8) says the campus is designed for up to 750 MW at full buildout", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 410, "unit": "acres", "note": "total parcel; the 61-acre expansion sits in the northeast corner of it", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 150, "note": "potential full-time workforce with AI buildings, up from 52", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "About 90% hydropower from New York Power Authority, remainder NYSEG (s4); dual 345 kV transmission lines (s2)", "source": "s4", "quote": "dual 345 kV transmission lines" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop water cooling", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "CB-4 phased delivery H2 2026; CB-5 early 2027", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Planned Unit Development district amendment, site plan, SEQR review and special use permit", "source": "s4", "quote": "a special joint planning board and town board meeting would be held on Thursday night for approving an amendment to the Planned Unit Development district where the data centers are located, a site plan, SEQR review, and a special use permit." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "New York State internet data center sales tax exemption; Niagara County disputes Lake Mariner's eligibility and has authorized legal action", "source": "s7", "quote": "The Legislature is concerned this decades-old exemption is being wrongly claimed by internet data centers like Lake Mariner in the Town of Somerset, costing state and local governments millions in tax dollars." }, { "field": "it_mw", "value": 102, "unit": "MW", "note": "revenue-generating critical IT capacity online at Lake Mariner after CB-3 delivery in early July 2026 (81 MW as of June 30, 2026)", "source": "s3", "quote": "102 MW of revenue-generating critical IT capacity online at Lake Mariner" }, { "field": "it_mw", "value": 336, "unit": "MW", "note": "additional critical IT capacity under construction across CB-4 and CB-5 (second set of IT MW; the 360 MW Fluidstack figure above is contracted)", "source": "s3", "quote": "additional 336 MW across CB-4 and CB-5" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 2, "note": "CB-4 and CB-5 under construction (CB-3 delivered July 2026)", "source": "s3", "quote": "additional 336 MW across CB-4 and CB-5" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 750, "unit": "MW", "note": "campus designed to support up to this power demand at full buildout", "source": "s8", "quote": "up to 750 MW of power demand at full buildout" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-10-08", "event": "TeraWulf plans AI buildings; Niagara County Planning Board review and town hearing scheduled", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2025-08-14", "event": "TeraWulf signs 200+ MW, 10-year hosting agreements with Fluidstack; Google backstops $1.8 billion", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-08-18", "event": "Fluidstack adds 160 MW CB-5 lease; Google backstop rises to about $3.2 billion", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-10-25", "event": "Somerset Planning Board and Town Board unanimously approve expansion on 61 acres", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "CB-3 delivered, bringing AI capacity online to 102 MW", "source": "s3" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "A nearby resident reports noise disrupting sleep; some criticize adjacent solar expansion (s6)", "Local Assemblyman Paul Bologna supports the project as good for Niagara County (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "TeraWulf Signs 200+ MW, 10-Year AI Hosting Agreements with Fluidstack", "publisher": "TeraWulf", "url": "https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/112/terawulf-signs-200-mw-10-year-ai-hosting-agreements-with", "date": "2025-08-14", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "TeraWulf Announces Fluidstack Expansion with 160 MW CB-5 Lease at Lake Mariner", "publisher": "TeraWulf", "url": "https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/114/terawulf-announces-fluidstack-expansion-with-160-mw-cb-5-lease-at-lake-mariner", "date": "2025-08-18", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "TeraWulf Reports Second Quarter 2026 Results", "publisher": "TeraWulf", "url": "https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/144/terawulf-reports-second-quarter-2026-results", "date": "2026-08-05", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Lake Mariner campus adding more AI data center capacity", "publisher": "Niagara Gazette (via Yahoo Finance)", "url": "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/lake-mariner-campus-adding-more-111600474.html", "date": "2025-10-25", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "New Somerset, N.Y., Data Center Buildings Would House AI", "publisher": "Lockport Union-Sun & Journal (via GovTech)", "url": "https://www.govtech.com/artificial-intelligence/new-somerset-n-y-data-center-buildings-would-house-ai", "date": "2024-10-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Proposed data centers dividing New Yorkers", "publisher": "Spectrum News State of Politics", "url": "https://nystateofpolitics.com/state-of-politics/new-york/environment/2026/07/07/proposed-data-centers-divide-new-yorkers", "date": "2026-07-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Niagara County Legislature Calls on Hochul to Audit Internet Sales Tax Exemption", "publisher": "Niagara County (via EIN Presswire)", "url": "https://www.einpresswire.com/article/932321951/niagara-county-legislature-calls-on-hochul-to-audit-internet-sales-tax-exemption", "type": "government", "date": "2026-08-06" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Schneider Electric delivers AI infrastructure for TeraWulf campus set to reach 750 MW", "publisher": "Techzine", "url": "https://www.techzine.eu/news/infrastructure/141592/schneider-electric-delivers-ai-infra-for-terawulf-campus-set-to-reach-750-mw/", "date": "2026-05-26", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-05" }, { "slug": "farmington-technology-park-mn", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/farmington-technology-park-mn", "name": "Farmington Technology Park", "aka": [ "Tract Farmington data center" ], "city": "Farmington", "county": "Dakota County", "state": "MN", "lat": 44.64, "lng": -93.14, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "City approvals completed in 2024; on Sept. 16, 2026 the city reported that plaintiffs in both lawsuits against it had filed dismissals, pending final court direction.", "developer": "Tract", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Denver-based developer Tract plans the Farmington Technology Park, a data center campus of up to 12 buildings and 2.5 million sq ft on 340+ acres of former school district land and a defunct golf course. It is reported at $5 billion and 708 MW. The Farmington City Council approved the annexation, rezoning, PUD and development agreement in 2024. Residents in the Coalition for Responsible Data Center Development sued, and in September 2026 they announced they were dropping the suit because of legal costs.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 340, "unit": "acres", "note": "340+ acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 12, "note": "up to 12 data center buildings", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 2500000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 708, "unit": "MW", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 5000000000, "source": "s4" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 300, "note": "up to 300", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Rezoned and comprehensive plan designation amended to Mixed Use Commercial/Industrial (MUCI), with Preliminary Plat and PUD (Ordinance 2024-11; Resolutions 2024-98, 2024-99)", "source": "s2", "quote": "City Council APPROVES Tract's Preliminary Plat and PUD (Resolution 2024-99) and Rezoning (Ordinance 2024-11) applications, AND 2040 Comprehensive Plan amendment for Farmington Technology Park parcels to MUCI designation (Resolution 2024-98)" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "City Council approved the development contract with Tract 4-1 on Dec. 2, 2024", "source": "s1", "quote": "The City Council greenlit a contract with Tract, a Colorado-based developer, in a 4-1 vote on Dec. 2." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-03-18", "event": "City of Farmington EDA funds two AUAR environmental reviews and Council contracts a consultant for the data center development.", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2024-04-15", "event": "City Council approves annexation of the site (state order April 24, 2024)", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2024-11-04", "event": "Council approves rezoning, comprehensive plan amendment, AUAR adoption and preliminary plat/PUD", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2024-11-18", "event": "City Council approves Tract's Final Plat (Resolution 2024-109) and adopts the PUD as Ordinance 2024-12", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2024-12-02", "event": "Council approves the development agreement with Tract, 4-1", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2024-12-13", "event": "Residents organized as the Coalition for Responsible Data Center Development sue the city", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-01-14", "event": "Castle Rock Township sues Farmington, saying the city breached an Orderly Annexation Agreement", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-05-14", "event": "Metropolitan Council approves the Farmington Technology Park comprehensive plan amendment", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-11-13", "event": "Dakota County judge denies the city's motion to dismiss", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-04-20", "event": "City approves updated development agreements for two additions", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-09-09", "event": "Coalition announces it is withdrawing its lawsuit, citing litigation costs", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-09-16", "event": "City reports plaintiffs in both lawsuits involving the city have filed dismissals, pending final court direction", "source": "s2" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents alleged violation of the orderly annexation agreement, spot zoning and an inadequate environmental review of water supply (s1)", "Residents worry about water use; CBS reports the project would more than double the city's demand (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Farmington residents sue city over proposed data center campus", "publisher": "Minnesota Star Tribune", "url": "https://www.startribune.com/farmington-data-center-lawsuit-tract/601194541", "date": "2024-12-13", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Data Center (Farmington Technology Park)", "publisher": "City of Farmington", "url": "https://www.farmingtonmn.gov/473/Data-Center-Farmington-Technology-Park", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Farmington residents push back against massive data center projected to double city's water use", "publisher": "CBS Minnesota", "url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/farmington-hyperscale-data-center-pushback/", "date": "2026-02-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Coalition for Responsible Data Center Development withdraws lawsuit due in Farmington to litigation costs (Dakota County)", "publisher": "Blandin on Broadband (citing Sun This Week)", "url": "https://blandinonbroadband.org/2026/09/09/coalition-for-responsible-data-center-development-withdraws-lawsuit-due-in-farmington-to-litigation-costs-dakota-county/", "date": "2026-09-09", "type": "other" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "google-project-mica-kansas-city-mo", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/google-project-mica-kansas-city-mo", "name": "Project Mica", "aka": [ "Google Project Mica" ], "city": "Kansas City", "county": "Clay County", "state": "MO", "lat": 39.0997, "lng": -94.5786, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Google confirmed in February 2026 that construction is underway", "developer": "Google", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Project Mica is Google's second Kansas City-area data center campus, planned as five hyperscale buildings on nearly 500 acres at the northeast corner of Interstate 435 and Highway 169 in the Northland. Port KC authorized up to $10 billion in taxable revenue bonds for the project in July 2025, along with a 25-year, 75% property tax exemption. Google confirmed in February 2026 that construction is underway.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 10000000000, "note": "reported as a $10 billion, 500-acre campus; Port KC approved the funds in revenue bonds", "source": "s2", "quote": "One of the biggest tech investments in Kansas City history is coming to the Northland in the form of a $10 billion, 500-acre data center campus." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 500, "note": "nearly 500 acres", "source": "s1", "quote": "Spanning nearly 500 acres at the northeast corner of Interstate 435 and Highway 169" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 5, "source": "s1", "quote": "the project will include the construction of five hyperscale data center buildings, totaling 1.56 million square feet" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 1560000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "1.56 million square feet across five hyperscale data center buildings", "source": "s1", "quote": "five hyperscale data center buildings, totaling 1.56 million square feet" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 700, "unit": "MW", "note": "nearly 700 MW at full development, per Port KC", "source": "s1", "quote": "The full development will draw nearly 700 MW of power" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 500, "unit": "MW", "note": "up to 500 MW at full capacity, per Axios; differs from Port KC figure", "source": "s2", "quote": "At full capacity, the data center campus could require up to 500 megawatts of power, enough to supply roughly 400,000 homes." }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Adjacent Nashua Power Station and onsite substations", "source": "s1", "quote": "supplied by the adjacent Nashua Power Station and onsite substations." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "25-year, 75% property tax exemption, plus 100% exemption from state and local sales taxes on construction materials and equipment", "source": "s1", "quote": "a 25-year, 75% exemption on property taxes, as well as 100% exemptions on local and state sales taxes for construction materials and equipment." }, { "field": "abatement_years", "value": 25, "note": "75% property tax exemption", "source": "s1", "quote": "a 25-year, 75% exemption on property taxes" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "$1.75 million in upfront funding for local workforce development", "source": "s2", "quote": "Project Mica will bring $1.75 million in upfront funding for local workforce development." }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1000, "note": "more than 1,000 skilled tradespeople over time", "source": "s2", "quote": "More than 1,000 skilled tradespeople will be employed over time as the campus is built." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-07", "event": "Port KC approves authorization of $10 billion in taxable revenue bonds for Project Mica", "source": "s3", "quote": "Port KC, an arm of the state whose purpose includes growing Kansas City's economy, has approved the authorization of $10 billion in taxable revenue bonds to finance the development in the northeast corner of Interstate 435 and Highway 169 in Smithville." }, { "date": "2026-02-12", "event": "Construction is underway on Google's second Kansas City-area data center; no completion timeline given", "source": "s4", "quote": "While construction is already underway on the second data center, Payfer declined to provide a timeline on when the facility would be complete." }, { "date": "2026-03-22", "event": "The campus is reported actively under construction near Smithville", "source": "s6", "quote": "Google also has a second data center campus known as 'Project Mica' that represents $10 billion in investment and is actively under construction near Smithville." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Reported power demand differs: Port KC says nearly 700 MW, Axios reported up to 500 MW (s1, s2)", "Google says it will cover the full energy costs of powering its Kansas City-area campuses under an agreement with Evergy (s4)", "KC Water reviews projected water usage from large developments; Google says site-level water use will be reported in its Environmental Report once the campus is operational (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Project Mica", "publisher": "Port KC", "url": "https://portkc.com/project/project-mica/", "date": "2025-08-11", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Port KC backs $10B data hub that could reshape Kansas City's Northland", "publisher": "Axios Kansas City", "url": "https://www.axios.com/local/kansas-city/2025/07/29/port-kc-google-data-center", "date": "2025-07-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "$10B, 500-acre Google campus gets stamp of approval near Smithville", "publisher": "KCTV5", "url": "https://www.kctv5.com/2025/07/29/10b-500-acre-tech-campus-gets-stamp-approval-near-smithville/", "date": "2025-07-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Google announces construction underway for second data center campus in Kansas City", "publisher": "KSHB 41", "url": "https://www.kshb.com/news/local-news/missouri/kansas-city/google-announces-construction-underway-for-second-data-center-campus-in-kansas-city", "date": "2026-02-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Google confirms $10B Project Mica in KC", "publisher": "Axios Kansas City", "url": "https://www.axios.com/local/kansas-city/2026/02/12/google-project-mica-data-center-northland", "date": "2026-02-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Kansas City's AI data center building boom could hurt regional job market in the long term", "publisher": "KCUR", "url": "https://www.kcur.org/housing-development-section/2026-03-22/kansas-citys-ai-data-center-building-boom-could-hurt-regional-job-market-in-the-long-term", "date": "2026-03-22", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "nccs-massena-expansion-ny", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/nccs-massena-expansion-ny", "name": "North Country Colocation Services Massena Expansion", "aka": [ "NCCS Massena", "NYDIG Massena expansion", "Reynolds site data center" ], "city": "Massena", "county": "St. Lawrence County", "state": "NY", "lat": 44.9545, "lng": -74.761, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "In pre-submission review before the Massena Town Planning Board; the town board voted 3-2 on Sept. 16, 2026 against a proposed data center moratorium", "developer": "North Country Colocation Services (NCCS), an affiliate of New York Digital Investment Group (NYDIG)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "North Country Colocation Services, an affiliate of the New York Digital Investment Group, has operated at the former Reynolds Metals aluminum site in Massena since 2017 and proposes a 635-megawatt expansion on about 355 developable acres next to its existing 110-acre campus, powered by St. Lawrence River hydroelectricity. The plan was scaled back during review from three buildings totaling roughly 1.5 million square feet to two data halls of about 1.1 million square feet, with backup generators cut from 316 to 124 (NCCS told the town planning board in August 2026 that the count is now 68) and cooling changed to a closed-loop system after an earlier version described withdrawing about 2.6 million gallons a day from the river. St. Lawrence County planners called an early site plan premature, and on Sept. 16, 2026 the Massena Town Board rejected a proposed six-month moratorium in a 3-2 vote.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 635, "unit": "MW", "source": "s2", "quote": "Approximately 635 megawatts" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 1100000, "note": "two data halls in the revised plan, down about 400,000 sq ft from the original three-building proposal", "source": "s3", "quote": "Approximately 1.1 million sq ft" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 2, "note": "reduced from three during review", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 355, "note": "developable acres adjacent to the existing 110-acre site", "source": "s3", "quote": "355 developable acres adjacent to existing site" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Hydroelectric power from the St. Lawrence River", "source": "s3", "quote": "635MW, sourced from hydroelectric power on the St. Lawrence River" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Closed-loop, with no withdrawals or discharges to local waterways for non-contact cooling in the revised plan", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 200, "source": "s3", "quote": "approximately 200 permanent positions post-completion" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 2500, "note": "peak construction workforce stated as 1,800 to 2,500", "source": "s3", "quote": "Peak construction workforce of 1,800-2,500" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Former Reynolds Metals plant, built 1958, later owned by Alcoa, whose aluminum smelter closed in 2014", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": 68, "note": "NCCS figure presented to the Massena Planning Board in August 2026, down from 314; DatacenterDynamics reported 124, down from 316, in July 2026", "source": "s8", "quote": "They've reduced the on-site emergency generation from 314 generators to 68 to address noise concerns." }, { "field": "grid_operator", "value": "NYISO", "note": "NCCS says NYISO has approved 640 MW and a decision on another 200 MW is pending", "source": "s8", "quote": "They're currently approved by the New York Independent System Operator Inc. for 640 megawatts of power and are awaiting on a decision on an additional 200 megawatts." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Community hosting agreement as presented by NCCS: $4 million when the first data center energizes, $8 million when the whole campus is energized, then $8 million a year rising with inflation for 14 to 20 years; up to $150 million to the town in total", "note": "as described at the August 2026 Massena Planning Board meeting", "source": "s8", "quote": "There's a $4 million payment when the first data center energizes, and a further $8 million payment when the entire campus is energized, and thereafter a $8 million payment per year increased by inflation every year through the life of the event, which is 14 to 20 years, depending if the contract is exercised. It's up to 150 million dollars that goes into the town." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2017", "event": "NCCS begins operating at the Reynolds industrial site in Massena, on about 110 acres", "source": "s3", "quote": "The current facility occupies 110 acres at the Reynolds industrial site in Massena, New York." }, { "date": "2026-05-18", "event": "St. Lawrence County Planning Board chairman Vance Fleury calls the site plan premature, with too many unanswered questions; an earlier version described about 2.6 million gallons a day of river withdrawals and three buildings of 562,000, 612,000 and 400,000 sq ft", "source": "s2", "quote": "premature" }, { "date": "2026-05-27", "event": "Local reporting counts about ten data center proposals under discussion in the Massena area, with this one furthest along", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-06-26", "event": "Massena Town Planning Board holds a pre-submission meeting to discuss consultants and determine the lead agency for environmental review", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-07-14", "event": "Gov. Kathy Hochul signs Executive Order No. 62, pausing state DEC permits for data centers of 50 MW or more", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-08", "event": "NCCS representatives tell the Massena Planning Board that planned on-site emergency generators have been cut from 314 to 68 to address noise concerns", "source": "s8", "quote": "They've reduced the on-site emergency generation from 314 generators to 68 to address noise concerns." }, { "date": "2026-09-16", "event": "Massena Town Board votes 3-2 against a proposed six-month moratorium on data center development", "source": "s9", "quote": "The Massena town board voted against a six-month moratorium on data center development, moving the town closer to construction of a data center. The town board rejected the moratorium in a 3-2 vote." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "An earlier version of the plan described peak withdrawals of about 2.6 million gallons a day from the river, about 1.1 million gallons a day of liquid waste discharge and roughly 1.5 million gallons a day lost to evaporation; the revised plan describes closed-loop cooling (s2, s3)", "St. Lawrence County planners said the early site plan raised more questions than it answered (s2)", "The Massena Town Board rejected a data center moratorium in a split vote, unlike several other upstate towns (s5)", "St. Lawrence County passed a resolution in June 2026 affirming local authority and urging municipalities to consider moratoriums, but did not adopt one itself (s6)", "Local reporting cautions that the roughly ten proposals under discussion in Massena represent prospective activity, not commitments (s1)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Massena sees 10 data center proposals", "publisher": "WWNY 7 News", "url": "https://www.wwnytv.com/2026/05/27/massena-sees-10-data-center-proposals/", "date": "2026-05-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "County Planning Board: Massena data center site plan contains more questions than answers", "publisher": "NNY360 / Watertown Daily Times", "url": "https://www.nny360.com/news/stlawrencecounty/county-planning-board-massena-data-center-site-plan-contains-more-questions-than-answers/article_8cfc5871-eee7-5db0-be86-6bc56f761d5c.html", "date": "2026-05-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "NYDIG looks to expand data center at Massena site, New York", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/nydig-looks-to-expand-data-center-at-massena-site-new-york/", "date": "2026-07-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Executive Order No. 62: Establishing a Temporary Moratorium on Data Centers in New York", "publisher": "Office of the Governor of New York", "url": "https://www.governor.ny.gov/executive-order/no-62-establishing-temporary-moratorium-data-centers-new-york-while-state-develops", "date": "2026-07-14", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Massena votes down proposed data center moratorium in split vote", "publisher": "North Country Now", "url": "https://www.northcountrynow.com/stories/massena-votes-down-proposed-data-center-moratorium-in-split-vote-clears-way-for-nccss-400-mw,391015", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Updates on the Cloud: More Moratoriums on Data Centers", "publisher": "Rockefeller Institute of Government", "url": "https://www.rockinst.org/blog/updates-on-the-cloud-more-moratoriums-on-data-centers/", "date": "2026-06-10", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "North Country Colocation Services", "publisher": "NCCS", "url": "https://www.nccs.one/", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Massena Planning Board hears update from data center representatives", "publisher": "NNY360 (Watertown Daily Times)", "url": "https://www.nny360.com/top_stories/massena-planning-board-hears-update-from-data-center-representatives/article_2f0cd6b9-924e-55d5-958e-95b5e58ff06e.html", "date": "2026-08-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Massena town board votes down data center moratorium", "publisher": "WWNY 7 News", "url": "https://www.wwnytv.com/2026/09/17/massena-town-board-votes-down-data-center-moratorium/", "date": "2026-09-17", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "cyrusone-waverly-sangamon-county-il", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/cyrusone-waverly-sangamon-county-il", "name": "CyrusOne Sangamon County Data Center", "aka": [ "CyrusOne Waverly data center", "CyrusOne Springfield data center" ], "city": "Waverly", "county": "Sangamon County", "state": "IL", "lat": 39.5923, "lng": -89.9529, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "County Board approved zoning April 7, 2026; residents' lawsuit challenging approval pending in circuit court", "developer": "CyrusOne", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Dallas-based CyrusOne plans a $500 million data center campus on 280 acres of farmland at Thayer and Clark roads in Talkington Township, about 14 miles southwest of Springfield near Waverly. The Sangamon County Board approved the zoning 17-10 on April 7, 2026, after tabling it in March; nearby residents sued in July 2026 to overturn the approval.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 634, "unit": "MW", "note": "per March 2026 plans; earlier reported as 600 MW (s1, s4)", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 280, "unit": "acres", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 4, "note": "four 450,000 sq ft buildings per March 2026 plans; originally six 250,000 sq ft buildings (s1)", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 1800000, "source": "s2" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 500000000, "source": "s4" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 100, "note": "approximately; average $83,000 salary", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 500, "source": "s4" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 2800, "note": "for restrooms and humidification; about 280,000 gallons of recirculated water trucked in", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Apple Creek Water Cooperative", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "air-cooled, closed-loop", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Grid, with 420 diesel backup generators", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Ameren Illinois / Rural Electric Convenience Cooperative", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "State Data Center Investment Program incentives of at least $31.25 million; 20-year state incentive MOU signed May 20, 2026 (s6)", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "CyrusOne commitment of more than $15 million for local schools, workforce training, fire districts, youth programs, economic development and infrastructure", "source": "s8", "quote": "CyrusOne has committed more than $15 million in support of: Local school districts and educational programs. Workforce training, apprenticeship and career development initiatives. Regional fire districts and emergency response agencies." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-10", "event": "CyrusOne proposal for 280-acre Talkington Township campus becomes public", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-10-17", "event": "Illinois Times reports CyrusOne filed a request for a data center campus in Sangamon County.", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-02-19", "event": "Zoning Board of Appeals votes 5-0 to recommend approval", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-03-23", "event": "County Board votes 15-13 to table the conditional use permit", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-04-07", "event": "County Board approves zoning 17-10", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-05-20", "event": "CyrusOne signs state incentive MOU requiring $500 million investment by March 2031", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-07-06", "event": "Waverly residents sue Sangamon County in circuit court to overturn the approval", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-09-11", "event": "County defends its approval in circuit court; Judge Adam Giganti sets an Oct. 9 hearing on the county's motion to dismiss the residents' suit", "source": "s9", "quote": "The Sangamon County Board defended its April zoning approval of the county’s first hyperscale data center in court on Sept. 11, as Circuit Judge Adam Giganti set the stage for an Oct. 9 hearing about a motion to dismiss." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Waverly residents v. Sangamon County and Sangamon County Board", "court": "Illinois circuit court (Circuit Judge Adam Giganti)", "filed": "2026-07-06", "status": "pending", "summary": "Nearby residents seek to overturn the county's approval of the CyrusOne data center, alleging it fails ordinance standards and conflicts with the comprehensive plan; CyrusOne is named as a necessary party.", "source": "s6", "quote": "Several Waverly residents who live approximately a mile or less from the site recently approved for the CyrusOne data center filed a lawsuit against Sangamon County and the Sangamon County Board July 6 seeking to overturn the county's approval of the project." } ], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about diesel generator air and noise pollution, grid strain, utility costs and farmland loss (s4)", "Critics questioned job projections compared with statewide data center hiring (s5)", "Lawsuit alleges the approval conflicts with the comprehensive plan and zoning standards and that the resolution was misdated (s6, s7)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "First data center in Sangamon County", "publisher": "Illinois Times", "url": "https://www.illinoistimes.com/news/first-data-center-in-sangamon-county/", "date": "2025-10-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Data center project moves forward", "publisher": "Illinois Times", "url": "https://www.illinoistimes.com/news/data-center-project-moves-forward/", "date": "2026-03-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Sangamon County Board tables vote on a massive data center", "publisher": "NPR Illinois", "url": "https://www.nprillinois.org/sangamon-county/2026-03-23/the-sangamon-county-board-tables-a-vote-on-a-massive-data-center", "date": "2026-03-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Sangamon County Board approves a controversial data center project", "publisher": "NPR Illinois", "url": "https://www.nprillinois.org/sangamon-county/2026-04-07/sangamon-county-board-approves-a-controversial-data-center-project", "date": "2026-04-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Sangamon County approves data center", "publisher": "Illinois Times", "url": "https://www.illinoistimes.com/news/sangamon-county-approves-data-center/", "date": "2026-04-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Residents sue Sangamon County, CyrusOne", "publisher": "Illinois Times", "url": "https://www.illinoistimes.com/news/residents-sue-sangamon-county-cyrusone/", "date": "2026-07-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Residents sue to stop Sangamon County data center", "publisher": "Illinois Times", "url": "https://www.illinoistimes.com/news/waverly-residents-sue-sangamon-county-over-approval-of-data-center-project/", "date": "2026-07-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Sangamon County Data Center community FAQ", "publisher": "CyrusOne", "url": "https://cyrusone.com/sangamon-county-community-faq", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "County Board defends data center approval in court", "publisher": "Illinois Times", "url": "https://www.illinoistimes.com/news/county-board-defends-data-center-approval-in-court/", "date": "2026-09-22", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "amazon-becker-mn", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/amazon-becker-mn", "name": "Amazon Becker Data Center", "aka": [ "AWS Becker", "Amazon Data Services Becker" ], "city": "Becker", "county": "Sherburne County", "state": "MN", "lat": 45.393, "lng": -93.877, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "paused", "statusNote": "Amazon suspended development in May 2025 and says it will keep the land; the site was still vacant as of September 2025.", "developer": "Amazon Data Services Inc.", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Amazon Data Services bought a roughly 348-acre site next to Xcel Energy's Sherco coal plant in Becker, closing on October 30, 2024, for a planned data center. In February 2025, state regulators ruled that its plan for about 250 diesel backup generators needed a Certificate of Need; the data center’s expected peak daily load was 600 MW. Amazon suspended the project in May 2025 while state lawmakers debated data center tax breaks, and said it would keep the property.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 348, "unit": "acres", "note": "site purchased for $73.56 million", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 600, "unit": "MW", "note": "expected peak daily load", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 100, "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1200, "note": "building trade jobs", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "About 250 Tier 4 diesel backup generators (250 kW to 2.75 MW each) proposed", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Xcel Energy", "note": "statement by Xcel spokesman Kevin Coss", "source": "s1", "quote": "As the electric provider for the area, we will be engaged in the site development process and providing the electricity needed to reliably power the site once operational." }, { "field": "utility_docket", "value": "Minnesota PUC Docket No. PT7151/CN-24-435", "note": "Certificate of Need proceeding for backup generators", "source": "s5", "quote": "Docket No. PT7151/CN-24-435" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-04", "event": "Elk River Technologies buys the site from Xcel Energy for $7.97 million", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2024-10-30", "event": "Amazon Data Services closes on the 348-acre site for $73.56 million", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2024-12-27", "event": "Amazon asks the Minnesota PUC to exempt its backup generators from Certificate of Need requirements (Docket PT7151/CN-24-435)", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2025-02-28", "event": "Minnesota PUC rules the backup generators require a Certificate of Need", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-05-23", "event": "Amazon says it is suspending its development activities in Minnesota but will keep the property", "source": "s3" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Opponents objected to the environmental review of about 250 diesel backup generators; CURE argued the 600 MW plan was twelve times the Certificate of Need threshold (s5)", "City officials said the pause was a blow: the project would have nearly replaced about $5 million a year in Sherco tax revenue, roughly 40% of the school district's local tax income (s4)", "Amazon cited 'uncertainty' as state lawmakers debated repealing a sales tax break on data center electricity (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Amazon Data Services buys site slated for data center near Sherco in Becker", "publisher": "Minnesota Star Tribune", "url": "https://www.startribune.com/amazon-data-center-xcel-sherco-becker-minnesota/601180310", "date": "2024-11-13", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Minnesota Regulators Rule That Certificate of Need is Required for Backup Generators at Data Center", "publisher": "American Public Power Association", "url": "https://www.publicpower.org/periodical/article/minnesota-regulators-rule-certificate-need-required-backup-generators-data-center", "date": "2025-03-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Amazon pulls back on plans for large data center in Becker", "publisher": "MPR News", "url": "https://www.mprnews.org/story/2025/05/23/amazon-pulls-back-on-plans-for-large-data-center-in-becker", "date": "2025-05-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Amazon's retreat from its planned Minnesota data center is latest 'gut punch' for Becker", "publisher": "Minnesota Star Tribune", "url": "https://www.startribune.com/amazon-retreat-from-its-planned-minnesota-data-center-is-latest-gut-punch-for-becker/601371681", "date": "2025-09-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Initial Comments of CURE regarding Amazon Data Services, Inc.'s Petition for Exemption from Certificate of Need Requirements", "publisher": "CURE", "url": "https://curemn.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/CURE-Policy-Document-Regarding-Amazon-Back-Up-Generation-Certificate-of-Need.pdf", "date": "2025-01-31", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Amazon Web Services suspends plans for Minnesota data center", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/amazon-web-services-suspends-plans-for-minnesota-data-center/", "date": "2025-05-28", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "aws-louisa-county-va", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/aws-louisa-county-va", "name": "Amazon Web Services Louisa County campuses", "aka": [ "Lake Anna Technology Campus", "North Creek Technology Campus" ], "city": "Louisa", "county": "Louisa County", "state": "VA", "lat": 38.0251, "lng": -78.0044, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Two by-right campuses in development; a separate third-campus application was withdrawn in July 2025", "developer": "Amazon Web Services", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Amazon Web Services is developing two data center campuses, Lake Anna Technology Campus and North Creek Technology Campus, in Louisa County's Technology Overlay District, backed by a planned $11 billion investment by 2040. The county expects a 15-year build-out. A separate 7.2 million sq ft AWS proposal on 1,370 acres near Northeast Creek Reservoir was withdrawn in July 2025 after community opposition, and AWS later bought about 1,920 acres in that area.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 11000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "by 2040, for the two campuses", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 153, "unit": "acres", "note": "Lake Anna Technology Campus only", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 1700000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "seven standard data centers at Lake Anna Technology Campus", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 600, "unit": "MW", "note": "two substations of 300 MW each planned at Lake Anna Technology Campus (substation capacity)", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Northeast Creek Reservoir (raw water)", "note": "reservoir safe yield 3.2 million gallons per day; AWS pays for water/sewer infrastructure", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "water-cooled using untreated raw water", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Rappahannock Electric Cooperative", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Projected 15-year build-out", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "County rebate of a portion of new tax revenues paid by AWS; share of a $140M statewide grant fund; state sales and use tax waiver", "note": "County FAQ: 'A statewide grant fund of $140M will be allocated proportionally based on the investment amounts in each, and the state has also waived associated sales and use taxes.'", "source": "s1", "quote": "No funds from the County's current revenues will be used. The county will rebate a portion of the new tax revenues paid by AWS." }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "Virginia DEQ VPDES discharge permit, effective August 1, 2026, allowing 280,000 gallons per day of treated non-contact cooling water into Sedges Creek (Lake Anna Technology Campus)", "source": "s6", "quote": "The [permit], effective August 1, allows AWS to release treated, non-contact cooling water, at a rate of 280,000 gallons per day, into Sedges Creek" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-08", "event": "AWS announces plan for two campuses in Louisa County, $11 billion by 2040", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2024-07-17", "event": "Pre-construction meeting for Lake Anna Technology Campus; land disturbance permit issued", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-07", "event": "AWS withdraws conditional use permit application for a 7.2 million sq ft third campus on 1,370 acres", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-08", "event": "A neighboring homeowner and business owner files a private nuisance lawsuit against Amazon over construction impacts", "source": "s7", "quote": "In August 2025, Newsom filed a lawsuit against the company seeking relief from the negative impacts the construction levied on his home and boat detailing and repair business." }, { "date": "2026-01", "event": "AWS closes purchase of about 1,920 acres near Northeast Creek Reservoir for about $72 million", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-08-01", "event": "Virginia DEQ discharge (VPDES) permit for cooling water discharge into Sedges Creek takes effect", "source": "s6" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Newsom v. Amazon (private nuisance)", "court": "U.S. District Court for the Western District of Virginia (Charlottesville)", "filed": "2025-08", "status": "pending", "summary": "A homeowner across the road from the construction site alleges brown water, noise, dust and light from construction harm his home and business; Amazon has asked the court to dismiss the nuisance claim.", "source": "s7", "quote": "Newsom’s lawsuit continues playing out in court, with a preliminary hearing set in the case for Aug. 19, according to U.S. District Court for the Western District of Virginia (Charlottesville) records." } ], "issues": [ "Residents opposed the withdrawn third campus over water use, noise, light, traffic, proximity to schools and loss of rural character (s4)", "The two existing campuses were permitted by right in the Technology Overlay District with little public input; the county changed the district in 2024 to require conditional use permits for future projects (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Community Update/Press FAQs: AWS", "publisher": "Louisa County", "url": "https://www.louisacounty.gov/faq.aspx?TID=40", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "AWS to expand into Virginia's Louisa County, develop two campuses northwest of Richmond", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aws-to-expand-into-virginias-louisa-county-develop-two-campuses-northwest-of-richmond/", "date": "2023-08-31", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Plan to Build 1.7 Million Square Feet of Data Centers Adjacent to North Anna Power Station", "publisher": "Lake Anna Life", "url": "https://lakeannalife.com/amazon-planning-to-commence-work-at-lake-anna-technology-campus/", "date": "2024-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Amazon pulls Louisa County data center proposal after strong resistance", "publisher": "Virginia Mercury", "url": "https://virginiamercury.com/2025/07/28/amazon-pulls-louisa-county-data-center-proposal-after-strong-resistance/", "date": "2025-07-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Amazon Web Services purchases nearly 2,000 acres of land in Louisa County", "publisher": "WVVA", "url": "https://www.wvva.com/2026/01/16/amazon-web-services-purchases-nearly-2000-acres-land-louisa-county/", "date": "2026-01-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "With eye toward rural preservation, planning commission gets details on proposed PDR program; DEQ issues controversial discharge permit for AWS data center campus by Lake Anna", "publisher": "Tammy Purcell (Substack)", "url": "https://tammypurcell.substack.com/p/with-eye-toward-rural-preservation", "type": "news", "date": "2026-07-20" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Brown water, dust and loud noises: Louisa homeowner sues Amazon over data center construction", "publisher": "Virginia Mercury", "url": "https://virginiamercury.com/2026/07/28/brown-water-dust-and-loud-noises-louisa-homeowner-sues-amazon-over-data-center-construction/", "date": "2026-07-28", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "crg-festus-mo", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/crg-festus-mo", "name": "CRG Festus Data Center", "aka": [ "Festus Data Center" ], "city": "Festus", "county": "Jefferson County", "state": "MO", "lat": 38.22, "lng": -90.4, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Development agreement approved March 2026; CRG unveiled scaled-back 4-building design June 2026; resident lawsuit pending", "developer": "CRG (Clayco)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "CRG, the data center arm of St. Louis builder Clayco, plans a hyperscale data center campus with an estimated cost of $6 billion on about 360 acres north of Highway 67 in Festus. The city council rezoned the land in November 2025 and approved a development agreement 6-2 in March 2026. A week later, four incumbent council members lost reelection to candidates who opposed the project. In June 2026 CRG shrank the design to four single-story buildings of about 600 MW, and residents have filed a lawsuit that is still pending. No operator has been named.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 6000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "estimated", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 360, "unit": "acres", "note": "Leader reports ~370 acres rezoned, ~250 acres for data center use; CRG says 188 acres to be preserved", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 600, "unit": "MW", "note": "approximate, per CRG's June 2026 refined design", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 4, "note": "single-story, reduced from 12 two-story buildings", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1000, "note": "at peak, per CRG", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 200, "note": "200+, per CRG", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop (per CRG)", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Ameren Missouri", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "5-year tax abatement; community payments of $3M/yr for 5 years then $5M/yr for 5 years", "source": "s2" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-11", "event": "City annexes 240 acres; Planning & Zoning recommends and council approves rezoning ~370 acres to I-1 industrial", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-03-30", "event": "City Council approves development agreement with CRG, 6-2", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-04-07", "event": "Four pro-project incumbent council members lose reelection", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-04-08", "event": "Residents and Wake Up Jeffco LLC sue City of Festus and CRG Acquisition LLC in St. Louis County Circuit Court", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-06-08", "event": "Council rejects recall petitions, 4-3", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-06-30", "event": "CRG unveils refined design: four single-story buildings, ~600 MW, closed-loop cooling", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-07-17", "event": "St. Louis County Circuit Judge Ellen W. Dunne denies plaintiffs' motion for default judgment in the residents' lawsuit", "source": "s9" }, { "date": "2026-08-24", "event": "Council annexes three more parcels (6.55 acres) in CRG's plan, 5-2, days before a new state annexation law took effect", "source": "s8" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Wake Up Jeffco LLC et al. v. City of Festus, Missouri and CRG Acquisition LLC", "court": "St. Louis County Circuit Court", "filed": "2026-04-08", "status": "pending", "summary": "Residents and Wake Up Jeffco LLC seek to stop the data center, alleging unlawful rezoning, open meetings and records violations, and challenging the infrastructure development agreement; the case was removed to federal court and remanded.", "source": "s9", "quote": "Attorney Steve Jeffery filed the lawsuit seeking to stop the project — Wake Up Jeffco LLC, Sherman Doyle, Vernon Valish, Sharon Valish and Rozilyn Daniels v. City of Festus, Missouri and CRG Acquisition LLC — on April 8 in St. Louis County Circuit Court." } ], "issues": [ "Residents objected to secret meetings, a rushed process, and placing the campus near homes (s2, s5)", "Residents raised concerns about electric rates and wastewater capacity (s7)", "CRG's president estimates a November 2026 start (s8)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Information related to the Proposed Data Center", "publisher": "City of Festus", "url": "https://www.festusmo.gov/461/Information-related-to-the-Proposed-Data", "date": "2026", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Festus council approves $6 billion data center plan despite massive public pushback", "publisher": "St. Louis Public Radio", "url": "https://www.stlpr.org/government-politics-issues/2026-03-31/festus-data-center-development-approval", "date": "2026-03-31", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "After $6B data center plan, Festus voters oust every incumbent council member", "publisher": "St. Louis Public Radio", "url": "https://www.stlpr.org/government-politics-issues/2026-04-08/6b-data-center-festus-voters-oust-every-incumbent-council-member", "date": "2026-04-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "No plans yet submitted for proposed Festus data center project; civil lawsuits loom", "publisher": "Jefferson County Leader", "url": "https://www.myleaderpaper.com/news/festus-data-center-project-crg-no-plans/article_ab6bdd18-252a-4a31-a1c1-5aa2abaea351.html", "date": "2026-06-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Festus data center developer scales back project after public opposition", "publisher": "KMOV First Alert 4", "url": "https://www.firstalert4.com/2026/07/01/festus-data-center-developer-scales-back-project-after-public-opposition/", "date": "2026-06-30", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Press Release: CRG Unveils Refined Conceptual Design for Proposed Festus Data Center, Launches Community Information Website", "publisher": "The Missouri Times (CRG release)", "url": "https://themissouritimes.com/press-release-crg-unveils-refined-conceptual-design-for-proposed-festus-data-center-launches-community-information-website/", "date": "2026-06-30", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Festus City Council passes data center rezoning request", "publisher": "Jefferson County Leader", "url": "https://www.myleaderpaper.com/news/festus-passes-data-center-project-rezoning/article_e36dc7c5-6260-4eed-9241-32fd7d0f35e5.html", "date": "2025-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Festus council approves more data center-related annexations", "publisher": "Jefferson County Leader", "url": "https://www.myleaderpaper.com/news/festus-council-approves-annexations-crg-related/article_2d90ac52-c9bb-4fbd-b24c-0a0b3c3070e0.html", "date": "2026-09-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Judge tells both sides in data center lawsuit to communicate better", "publisher": "Leader (Jefferson County, MO)", "url": "https://www.myleaderpaper.com/news/police_fire/judge-denies-motion-for-default-judgment-in-crg-case/article_edda6eef-de3e-480d-9817-3af5c69d187d.html", "type": "news", "date": "2026-07-17" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "project-aggie-college-station-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-aggie-college-station-tx", "name": "Project Aggie", "aka": [ "College Station Midtown data center" ], "city": "College Station", "county": "Brazos County", "state": "TX", "lat": 30.628, "lng": -96.3344, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "denied", "statusNote": "City Council unanimously rejected sale of city land on 2025-09-11", "developer": "Priority Power Management (PPM Data LLC)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Priority Power Management sought to buy about 200 acres of city-owned land in College Station's Midtown Business Park for a data center campus the developer said would serve AI, planned at up to 600 MW. The College Station City Council unanimously rejected the $30 million land sale on September 11, 2025, after hours of public comment from opponents.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 200, "unit": "acres", "note": "approximately", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 600, "unit": "MW", "note": "at full build-out", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Land purchase price of $30 million ($150,000 per acre)", "note": "land price, not a construction investment; $1-4 billion capital expenditure cited for full development", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "College Station City Council unanimously voted to deny the real estate contract with Priority Power Management after a public hearing on September 11, 2025", "source": "s6", "quote": "After a public hearing, the Council unanimously voted to deny a real estate contract with Priority Power Management for the sale of about 200 acres of City-owned property in the Midtown Business Park near Midtown Drive and Corporate Parkway." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "About 200 city-owned acres near Midtown Drive and Corporate Parkway in the Midtown Business Park", "source": "s6", "quote": "the sale of about 200 acres of City-owned property in the Midtown Business Park near Midtown Drive and Corporate Parkway" }, { "field": "nearest_residence", "value": "600-900-foot green belt to be retained between the proposed development and nearby homes", "note": "as described by the city", "source": "s7", "quote": "The city argues the noise pollution will be addressed in part by their retention of a 600-900-foot green belt between the proposed development and nearby homes." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-10", "event": "Priority Power first contacts the city", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2024-11", "event": "Project presented to City Council after NDA signed", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-09-11", "event": "City Council unanimously votes against the land sale after more than five hours of comment", "source": "s2" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents cited noise, infrastructure strain, and property values; a petition against the sale drew more than 5,000 signatures (s2, s3)", "Some residents and press described the project as crypto mining; the company's CEO said it would be for AI, not crypto or bitcoin mining (s1, s5)", "City staff projected $10-22 million a year in revenue to the city (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "College Station City Council Unanimously Votes Against The Sale Of City Land For A Data Center", "publisher": "WTAW", "url": "https://wtaw.com/college-station-city-council-unanimously-votes-against-the-sale-of-city-land-for-a-data-center/", "date": "2025-09-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "College Station City Council unanimously rejects land sale for AI data center", "publisher": "KBTX", "url": "https://www.kbtx.com/2025/09/12/college-station-city-council-unanimously-rejects-land-sale-ai-data-center/", "date": "2025-09-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "College Station, Texas rejects land sale for data center", "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/college-station-texas-rejects-land-sale-for-data-center/", "date": "2025-09-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "College Station considers $30M land deal for data center", "publisher": "KXXV", "url": "https://www.kxxv.com/news/local-news/in-your-neighborhood/brazos-county/college-station/college-station-considers-30m-land-deal-for-data-center", "date": "2025-09-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Residents versus revenue: College Station's high-stakes vote on crypto data mining center looms", "publisher": "KXXV", "url": "https://www.kxxv.com/news/local-news/in-your-neighborhood/brazos-county/college-station/residents-versus-revenue-college-stations-high-stakes-vote-on-crypto-data-mining-center-looms", "date": "2025-09-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Live from City Hall: Thursday's City Council meeting (Sept. 11)", "publisher": "City of College Station", "url": "https://blog.cstx.gov/2025/09/11/live-from-city-hall-thursdays-city-council-meeting-sept-11/", "type": "government", "date": "2025-09-11" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "College Station City Council to discuss potential data center on Midtown Drive at Sept. 11 meeting", "publisher": "KBTX", "url": "https://www.kbtx.com/2025/09/07/college-station-city-council-discuss-potential-data-center-midtown-drive-sept-11-meeting/", "type": "news", "date": "2025-09-07" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "project-lincoln-oldham-county-ky", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-lincoln-oldham-county-ky", "name": "Project Lincoln", "aka": [ "Western Hospitality Partners Oldham County data center" ], "city": null, "county": "Oldham County", "state": "KY", "lat": 38.4, "lng": -85.45, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "cancelled", "statusNote": "Developer withdrew July 2025; county has no adopted data center regulations (Fiscal Court denied revised rules 5-4 on Aug. 18, 2026) and whether the moratorium is still in effect is disputed", "developer": "Western Hospitality Partners", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Western Hospitality Partners proposed a 600 MW, $6 billion hyperscale data center on 267 acres at 3557 North Highway 53 in Oldham County, later revising it to a smaller proposal near the Sauerbeck Drive-In off Commerce Parkway. After strong resident opposition and a 150-day countywide moratorium with no exemptions, the company withdrew in July 2025. The county has not adopted data center regulations: the Fiscal Court sent draft rules back in January 2026 and, on Aug. 18, 2026, voted 5-4 to deny a revised version and hire a consultant. Judge-Executive David Voegele says the moratorium has effectively expired, a view some magistrates dispute.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 600, "unit": "MW", "note": "original proposal; revised proposal reported as 100 MW", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 6000000000, "note": "original proposal; revised proposal reported at $1.5 billion", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 267, "note": "original site at 3557 North Highway 53", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Original 267-acre site zoned for agriculture; developer sought a conditional use permit as a \"private utility\" from the appointed Board of Adjustments rather than a rezoning by the Fiscal Court. The revised Sauerbeck Drive-In site was described by the Judge-Executive as zoned industrial, while the county PVA website listed it as commercial.", "source": "s9", "quote": "He added that the company would go through the same local process of seeking a conditional use permit as a \"private utility,\" which could be approved by the appointed board of adjustments." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Revised site: 3210 DW Griffith Lane (former Sauerbeck Drive-in theater), along Commerce Parkway", "note": "address reported by news, not a government document", "source": "s10", "quote": "WHP has instead submitted a new application for a smaller data center along Commerce Parkway at the site of the Sauerbeck Drive-in theater located at 3210 DW Griffith Lane." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-03", "event": "Western Hospitality Partners' 600 MW data center proposal announced", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-06", "event": "Original application withdrawn; revised proposal filed south of original site", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-07-01", "event": "Fiscal Court passes 150-day moratorium on data centers 4-2 with no exemptions; Deputy Judge-Executive Joe Ender fired over secret recording", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-07-03", "event": "Western Hospitality Partners says project will be withdrawn and will not proceed", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-11-18", "event": "Fiscal Court approves new moratorium lasting until regulations are approved", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-01-20", "event": "Fiscal Court unanimously denies draft data center regulations, sending them back to Planning and Zoning Commission", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-03-25", "event": "Planning Commission reworking regulations; moratorium remains in effect", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-06-23", "event": "Planning and Zoning Commission unanimously sends revised data center regulations to Fiscal Court", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-08-18", "event": "Fiscal Court votes 5-4 to deny revised data center regulations and hire a consultant; Judge-Executive calls Aug. 24 special meeting for a new first reading", "source": "s8" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Former deputy judge-executive's attorney alleged favoritism tied to a promised sports complex; Kentucky Attorney General opened an investigation (s1)", "Residents organized as We Are Oldham County raised utility and community concerns (s1, s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Oldham County passes sweeping data center moratorium, executive fired over recording", "publisher": "Louisville Public Media", "url": "https://www.lpm.org/news/2025-07-02/oldham-county-passes-sweeping-data-center-moratorium-executive-fired-over-recording", "date": "2025-07-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Kentucky's Oldham County passes 150-day data center moratorium", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/kentuckys-oldham-county-passes-150-day-data-center-moratorium/", "date": "2025-07-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Plans for Oldham County data center project withdrawn", "publisher": "WAVE / WDRB", "url": "https://www.wdrbwave.com/2025/07/03/plans-oldham-county-data-center-project-withdrawn/", "date": "2025-07-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Leaders rework proposed zoning regulations as fight over data centers continues in Oldham Co.", "publisher": "WAVE / WDRB", "url": "https://www.wdrbwave.com/2026/03/26/leaders-rework-proposed-zoning-regulations-fight-over-data-centers-continues-oldham-co/", "date": "2026-03-25", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Court halts data center development until regulations ready", "publisher": "The Oldham Era", "url": "https://www.pmg-ky1.com/oldham_era/news/court-halts-data-center-development-until-regulations-ready/article_5977d012-168c-520a-a5c4-d7314e830c9e.html", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Court sends data center regulations back for revision", "publisher": "The Oldham Era", "url": "https://www.pmg-ky1.com/oldham_era/news/court-sends-data-center-regulations-back-for-revision/article_41e48b38-fa71-5afc-b40d-44538b774a0c.html", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "P&Z sends revised data center regulations to fiscal court", "publisher": "The Oldham Era", "url": "https://www.pmg-ky1.com/oldham_era/news/p-z-sends-revised-data-center-regulations-to-fiscal-court/article_9f7dc88d-b0bd-5af9-8b1d-2777c748ee73.html", "date": "2026-06-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Oldham leaders in dispute over data center regulations", "publisher": "The Oldham Era", "url": "https://www.pmg-ky1.com/oldham_era/news/dispute-over-proposed-data-center-regulations-oldham/article_5ba3bfdc-8486-56ec-ae85-0a44117f4e07.html", "date": "2026-08-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Oldham County data center switches sites, reduces size amid local resistance", "publisher": "Louisville Public Media", "url": "https://www.lpm.org/news/2025-06-03/oldham-county-data-center-switches-sites-reduces-size-amid-local-resistance", "type": "news", "date": "2025-06-03" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Planned data center project in Kentucky's Oldham County relocated and downsized amid backlash", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/planned-data-center-project-in-kentuckys-oldham-county-relocated-and-downsized-amid-backlash/", "type": "news", "date": "2025-06-10" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "aws-calvert-cliffs-lusby-md", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/aws-calvert-cliffs-lusby-md", "name": "Calvert Technology Center", "aka": [], "city": "Lusby", "county": "Calvert County", "state": "MD", "lat": 38.362356, "lng": -76.437915, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "cancelled", "statusNote": "Calvert County announced in August 2026 that Amazon Data Services had formally withdrawn its Calvert Technology Center Conceptual Site Development Plan application", "developer": "Amazon Web Services (Amazon Data Services)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Amazon Web Services proposed a data center campus, called the Calvert Technology Center in its county application, on the grounds of the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant in Lusby, Maryland; Maryland Matters reported it covered 2.4 million square feet, and DatacenterDynamics reported it would have totaled around 500MW via a power agreement with Constellation Energy. The company submitted its proposal to Calvert County in early May 2026. On Aug. 4, 2026, Calvert County government announced that Amazon was abandoning the plans, and DatacenterDynamics reported that Amazon Data Services had formally withdrawn its Conceptual Site Development Plan application.", "facts": [ { "field": "sqft", "value": 2400000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "Maryland Matters, citing a county planning document that described 'multiple data center campuses'; DatacenterDynamics reported more than 2.46 million sq ft over eight buildings, citing documents filed with the county", "source": "s1", "quote": "covering 2.4 million square feet, according to a planning document published on the Calvert County government website" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 8, "note": "DatacenterDynamics, citing documents filed with the county; WJLA reported plans for three data centers", "source": "s2", "quote": "Documents filed with the county suggest more than 2.46 million sq ft (228,540 sqm) of data center space could have been developed over eight buildings." }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 500, "unit": "MW", "note": "reported as 'around 500MW'", "source": "s2", "quote": "The campus would have reportedly totaled around 500MW, served via a power agreement with Constellation Energy." }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Power agreement with Constellation Energy (reported)", "source": "s2", "quote": "The campus would have reportedly totaled around 500MW, served via a power agreement with Constellation Energy." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "1650 Calvert Cliffs Parkway, Lusby (Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant)", "note": "address as reported by DatacenterDynamics", "source": "s2", "quote": "near the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant at 1650 Calvert Cliffs Parkway in Lusby, Calvert County" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-02", "event": "Residents first learn of plans for data centers on part of the Calvert Cliffs property in Lusby, according to WJLA", "source": "s3", "quote": "Residents first learned in February about plans for the data centers, which would have been built on a portion of the Calvert Cliffs property in Lusby." }, { "date": "2026-04", "event": "Amazon reveals it may develop a data center close to the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, according to DatacenterDynamics", "note": "WJLA reports residents first learned of the plans in February", "source": "s2", "quote": "Amazon first revealed plans in April to potentially develop a data center near the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant" }, { "date": "2026-05", "event": "Amazon submits its proposal to Calvert County", "source": "s1", "quote": "The company submitted its proposal to Calvert in early May." }, { "date": "2026-06-23", "event": "Calvert County primary election, in which voters push back against hyperscale data centers", "source": "s1", "quote": "It comes after fierce voter pushback against hyperscale data centers in Calvert County's primary election on June 23." }, { "date": "2026-08-04", "event": "Calvert County government issues a news release saying Amazon Web Services is abandoning its plans for data centers on the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant campus", "source": "s1", "quote": "Amazon Web Services is abandoning its plans to develop data centers on the campus of Southern Maryland's Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, according to a news release issued Tuesday by Calvert County government." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The three county commissioners who had voted against a pause on data centers lost their June 2026 primaries (s1, s3)", "Amazon said it decided not to move forward after careful evaluation of factors including development timelines and operational requirements; it said the decision was driven by business considerations and that politics did not influence it (s1, s2, s3)", "Residents raised concerns about environmental impacts, including on the Chesapeake Bay and Patuxent River; commissioner-nominee Patti Stueckler said the project would have destroyed 'a thousand acres of forest' (s3)", "Maryland Matters reported the county would hold a public meeting on Aug. 18, 2026 to consider a temporary six-month moratorium on site plan approvals for data center development projects (s1, s3)", "Local press reported the county had been in discussions with Rowan Digital Infrastructure about the project, according to DatacenterDynamics (s2)", "Reported size differs by source: 2.4 million sq ft in 'multiple data center campuses' (s1), more than 2.46 million sq ft over eight buildings (s2), and three data centers (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Amazon abandons plans for data center campus at Calvert Cliffs", "publisher": "Maryland Matters", "url": "https://marylandmatters.org/2026/08/04/amazon-abandons-plans-for-a-data-center-at-calvert-cliffs/", "date": "2026-08-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "AWS pulls out of planned data center campus next to Maryland nuclear plant", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aws-pulls-out-of-planned-data-center-campus-next-to-maryland-nuclear-plant/", "date": "2026-08-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Amazon abandons Calvert County data centers after community pushes back", "publisher": "WJLA (7News)", "url": "https://wjla.com/news/local/amazon-abandons-calvert-county-data-centers-after-community-pushes-back", "date": "2026-08-13", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-24" }, { "slug": "compass-statesville-nc", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/compass-statesville-nc", "name": "Compass Statesville", "aka": [ "Stamey Farm Road data center" ], "city": "Statesville", "county": "Iredell County", "state": "NC", "lat": 35.7826, "lng": -80.8873, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Rezoning approved September 2025; the city says it is exempt from the 180-day data center moratorium adopted in September 2026", "developer": "Compass Datacenters", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Dallas-based Compass Datacenters plans five data center buildings totaling 1.34 million square feet on about 333 acres on Stamey Farm Road in Statesville, with power from a nearby Duke Energy substation. The Statesville City Council approved the rezoning 8-0 in September 2025. The city says the previously approved project is exempt from a moratorium on new data center applications; the council adopted a 180-day moratorium on Sept. 14, 2026, which WBTV reports does not affect previously approved data centers.", "facts": [ { "field": "sqft", "value": 1340000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s1", "quote": "five data center buildings spanning a total of 1.34 million square feet" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 5, "source": "s1", "quote": "five data center buildings spanning a total of 1.34 million square feet" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 500, "unit": "MW", "note": "site marketed by JLL with up to 500MW of power capacity", "source": "s1", "quote": "up to 500MW of power capacity" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Duke Energy", "source": "s1", "quote": "located nearby to a Duke Energy substation, which would provide power to the site" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "air-cooled", "note": "later reporting cites a closed-loop hybrid system", "source": "s1", "quote": "the data center will be air-cooled to reduce water usage" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop hybrid cooling (developer-stated)", "note": "differs from earlier air-cooled description", "source": "s3", "quote": "a closed-loop, hybrid cooling system that recycles the same water" }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "40 backup generators per building", "source": "s3", "quote": "Each building would include 40 backup generators in case of power outages" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 200, "note": "about 200", "source": "s3", "quote": "The center will have about 200 well-paying engineering, electrical and other jobs" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Statesville City Council approved rezoning 8-0 in September 2025", "source": "s3", "quote": "8-0 vote to rezone the land" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Annexation into city limits and a site-specific conditional zoning district", "source": "s4", "quote": "That project required annexation into the city limits and the establishment of a very specific conditional zoning district, including site-specific development standards." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-08", "event": "Statesville Planning Board votes 6-0 to recommend the rezoning", "source": "s2", "quote": "board members voted 6-0 to recommend Dallas-based Compass Datacenters' rezoning request." }, { "date": "2025-08-18", "event": "Compass proposes a five-building campus on Stamey Farm Road", "source": "s1", "quote": "Compass is planning to develop on 333 acres of land on Stamey Farm Road in Statesville" }, { "date": "2025-09", "event": "Statesville City Council approves the rezoning 8-0", "source": "s3", "quote": "8-0 vote to rezone the land" }, { "date": "2026-09-14", "event": "Statesville City Council unanimously approves a 180-day moratorium on new data centers in the city; WBTV reports it will not affect previously approved data centers", "source": "s5", "quote": "However, the moratorium will not impact previously approved data centers." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents at the public hearing raised concerns about environmental impact, noise and pollution (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Compass Datacenters proposes 333-acre campus in Statesville, North Carolina", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/compass-datacenters-proposes-333-acre-campus-in-statesville-north-carolina/", "date": "2025-08-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Government Board Backs Massive Data Center in Rural N.C.", "publisher": "GovTech (The Charlotte Observer)", "url": "https://www.govtech.com/products/government-board-backs-massive-data-center-in-rural-n-c", "date": "2025-08-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Despite Protests, North Carolina City Approves Data Center", "publisher": "GovTech (The Charlotte Observer)", "url": "https://www.govtech.com/products/despite-protests-north-carolina-city-approves-data-center", "date": "2025-09-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Why the City of Statesville Is Considering a Proposed Data Center Moratorium", "publisher": "City of Statesville", "url": "https://www.statesvillenc.net/2026/07/28/31820/why-the-city-of-statesville-is-considering-a-proposed-data-center-moratorium/", "date": "2026-08-20", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Statesville unanimously approves 180-day moratorium on data centers: What we know", "publisher": "WBTV", "url": "https://www.wbtv.com/2026/09/15/statesville-unanimously-approves-180-day-moratorium-data-centers-what-we-know/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-09-15" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-24" }, { "slug": "hut8-logan-prairie-logan-county-il", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/hut8-logan-prairie-logan-county-il", "name": "Logan Prairie Data Center", "aka": [], "city": "Latham", "county": "Logan County", "state": "IL", "lat": 40.011597, "lng": -89.200186, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Applications pending; Latham's Aug. 3 annexation vote was called off and county consideration could come in September at the earliest; no later outcome in sources", "developer": "Hut 8 (application filed by Logan Prairie Data Center LLC)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Hut 8 wants to build a 500-megawatt, $5 billion data center on about 200 acres of farm ground in rural Laenna Township near Latham, roughly 30 miles northeast of Springfield. Logan County's zoning officer deemed the land-use applications complete on June 29, 2026, after the state's attorney declared that a 12-month moratorium the County Board approved in May was invalid. In late July 2026 the Village of Latham called off an Aug. 3 vote on whether to annex and rezone the site, and county officials said technical mistakes in the applications meant they could be considered in September at the earliest.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 500, "unit": "MW", "source": "s2", "quote": "Hut 8, a publicly traded company based in Miami, wants to build a 500-megawatt data center in rural Laenna Township near Latham, about 30 miles northeast of Springfield." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 200, "note": "Hut 8's project page lists a 50-acre site footprint (s6); Hut 8's initial rezoning request, withdrawn at county officials' request, covered about 250 acres (s2)", "source": "s4", "quote": "Opponents of the proposed 500-megawatt Logan Prairie Data Center, on 200 acres of farm ground in unincorporated Logan County a mile west of Latham" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 5000000000, "note": "Hut 8's project page lists \"$5B+\" (s6)", "source": "s2", "quote": "Logan County officials are on track to consider and potentially vote on land-use applications for a $5 billion data center near Latham as soon as August after the local state's attorney declared invalid a 12-month moratorium that the County Board approved in May." }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1500, "note": "Hut 8 estimate, over an 18-month buildout", "source": "s5", "quote": "Hut 8's project materials estimate 1,500 construction jobs over an 18-month buildout and as many as 200 permanent positions." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 200, "note": "Hut 8 estimate (\"as many as 200\"); Blockspace says the village application lists more than 100 permanent, full-time jobs", "source": "s5", "quote": "Hut 8's project materials estimate 1,500 construction jobs over an 18-month buildout and as many as 200 permanent positions. The village application puts the figure at over 100 permanent, full-time jobs." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Closed-loop cooling (company description)", "source": "s6", "quote": "The facility is designed to use a closed-loop cooling system that recirculates water through sealed piping." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Cooling water hauled in from elsewhere, per Hut 8 officials", "source": "s2", "quote": "Hut 8 officials have said the data center wouldn't use vast amounts of water from local water supplies because computer servers would be cooled with a 'closed-loop' system that uses water that is hauled in from elsewhere and constantly recycled." }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 9000, "note": "company projection for domestic uses only (restrooms, sinks, limited landscaping); company says no local water will be used for cooling", "source": "s6", "quote": "is projected to be comparable to that of a standard office building, or up to approximately 9,000 gallons per day" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Ameren", "note": "Blockspace says Ameren and MISO have not publicly confirmed an approved interconnection (s5)", "source": "s6", "quote": "We work with Ameren and MISO to confirm how the site can be served safely and reliably." }, { "field": "grid_operator", "value": "MISO", "source": "s5", "quote": "The proposed load would draw about 500 megawatts near an Ameren substation, although Ameren and regional grid operator MISO have not publicly confirmed an approved interconnection." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "County applications seeking either an agricultural-to-industrial rezoning or a conditional permitted use within an agricultural zone; separately, a request for annexation into the Village of Latham and business zoning", "source": "s4", "quote": "Hut 8's applications – for either a zoning change to industrial or a conditional permitted use in an agricultural zone" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Proposed community-benefit agreement that would pay Latham $8 million to $11 million a year for 15 years once the facility operates, contingent on annexation", "source": "s5", "quote": "Hut 8 has discussed a community-benefit agreement under which Latham would receive $8 million to $11 million annually for 15 years once the facility began operating." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-02-24", "event": "Logan County Board approves a 60-day data center moratorium", "source": "s2", "quote": "Hauge didn't respond when asked why an earlier 60-day data center moratorium, approved by the County Board on Feb. 24, wasn't ruled invalid at the time." }, { "date": "2026-04", "event": "County Board does not extend the moratorium and sends the issue back to the zoning board pending a data center ordinance", "source": "s1", "quote": "The board kicked the moratorium back to their zoning board, while they wait for an ordinance to be passed regarding regulations for data centers." }, { "date": "2026-05-19", "event": "Logan County Board votes 6-4 for a 12-month data center moratorium", "source": "s2", "quote": "Logan County Board members on May 19 voted 6-4 in favor of the moratorium" }, { "date": "2026-06-18", "event": "State's Attorney Bradley Hauge advises County Board members that proper procedures were not followed for the moratorium to be legally binding", "source": "s2", "quote": "advised County Board members during a closed-door meeting June 18 and before the board meeting that same day that proper procedures weren't followed for the moratorium to be legally binding" }, { "date": "2026-06-18", "event": "County Board fails 5-6 to approve a zoning ordinance specifically for data centers", "source": "s2", "quote": "On June 18, the board on a 5-6 vote failed to approve a zoning ordinance specifically designed for data centers" }, { "date": "2026-06-29", "event": "Logan County Zoning Officer Allan Green deems Hut 8's land-use applications complete", "source": "s2", "quote": "Logan County Zoning Officer Allan Green said he deemed the applications complete on June 29." }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "Village of Latham calls off a planned Aug. 3 public hearing and vote on annexing and rezoning the site; the village attorney says the meeting was postponed and the application has not been withdrawn", "source": "s5", "quote": "Hut 8's proposed 500-megawatt data center in central Illinois faces another permitting delay after the Village of Latham canceled an Aug. 3 vote on annexing and rezoning the project site.", "note": "Illinois Times quotes the village attorney: \"Meeting has been postponed\" (s4)" }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "County zoning officer says the state's attorney determined technical mistakes disqualified Hut 8's applications from August county meetings; if fixed and resubmitted they could be considered in September at the earliest", "source": "s4", "quote": "Hut 8 could fix the technical errors and resubmit the applications, allowing them to be considered in September at the earliest, Green said." }, { "date": "2026-07-31", "event": "Logan County officials cancel the Aug. 6 Zoning Board of Appeals meeting", "source": "s4", "quote": "On July 31, Logan County officials announced that the Aug. 6 ZBA meeting would be canceled." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents have raised concerns about noise, light pollution, electricity rates and farmland conversion (s5)", "Some residents questioned Hut 8's claims of benefits for the county (s1)", "Hut 8 estimates up to $65 million in annual property tax revenue; this is a company estimate (s2, s6)", "Sources differ on distance from Latham: about one mile west (s4, s5) or two miles west (s3)", "The eventual customer and use remain undetermined, per Blockspace; Hut 8 says the facility would support cloud or AI workloads, not cryptocurrency mining (s5, s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "No new moratorium, but no data center either for Logan County", "publisher": "FOX Illinois", "url": "https://www.foxillinois.com/news/local/no-new-moratorium-but-no-data-center-either-for-logan-county/article_2feb7f42-1597-45aa-af0e-404b38d028bd.html", "date": "2026-04-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Data center moratorium declared invalid", "publisher": "Illinois Times", "url": "https://www.illinoistimes.com/news/data-center-moratorium-declared-invalid/", "date": "2026-07-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "End run for data center developer", "publisher": "Illinois Times", "url": "https://www.illinoistimes.com/news/end-run-for-data-center-developer/", "date": "2026-07-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Future uncertain for Logan County data center", "publisher": "Illinois Times", "url": "https://www.illinoistimes.com/news/future-uncertain-for-logan-county-data-center/", "date": "2026-07-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Hut 8's 500 MW Illinois data center stalls as Latham cancels zoning vote", "publisher": "Blockspace", "url": "https://blockspace.media/insight/hut-8-illinois-data-center-stalls/", "date": "2026-07-31", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Logan Prairie Data Center | Hut 8", "publisher": "Hut 8 Corp.", "url": "https://www.hut8.com/data-centers/logan-prairie", "type": "company" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-24" }, { "slug": "stream-stamp-alabama-ny", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/stream-stamp-alabama-ny", "name": "Stream Data Centers STAMP Campus", "aka": [ "Genesee County Data Center Campus" ], "city": "Alabama", "county": "Genesee County", "state": "NY", "lat": 43.0964, "lng": -78.3908, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "July 2026 executive order directs state DEC to hold data center permits in abeyance; lawsuit challenges STAMP zoning agreement", "developer": "Stream Data Centers (Stream U.S. Data Centers)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Stream U.S. Data Centers proposes a three-building data center campus over 90 acres at the 1,250-acre STAMP industrial park in the Town of Alabama, with a 2.2 million sq ft building footprint and 500 megawatts of electricity use. Stream amended its proposal from $11 billion to $19 billion in total spending, and Genesee County Economic Development Center officials are offering $1.46 billion in tax breaks for 125 jobs. A July 2026 executive order by Gov. Kathy Hochul placed a moratorium on new data center approvals that appears to halt the proposal, and a lawsuit by a town resident, the Tonawanda Seneca Nation and the Sierra Club challenges the zoning agreement underpinning the park.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 500, "unit": "MW", "note": "electricity use stated by Stream", "source": "s2", "quote": "To operate the data center campus, Stream has said it will use 500 megawatts of electricity, more than 80 percent of all the power available at the STAMP industrial park." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 90, "source": "s2", "quote": "Stream is proposing a three-building campus at STAMP over 90 acres at the 1,250-acre industrial park." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 3, "source": "s2", "quote": "Stream is proposing a three-building campus at STAMP over 90 acres at the 1,250-acre industrial park." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 2200000, "note": "building footprint", "source": "s2", "quote": "Its buildings will have a footprint of 2.2 million square feet, equivalent to 38 football fields." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 19000000000, "note": "total spending in amended proposal (up from $11 billion)", "source": "s2", "quote": "The company then amended its proposal this year from $11 billion in total spending to $19 billion." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 125, "source": "s2", "quote": "Officials with the Genesee County Economic Development Center are offering Stream U.S. Data Centers $1.46 billion in tax breaks for the creation of 125 jobs at a three-building data campus." }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1000, "note": "temporary, per GCEDC CEO Mark Masse", "source": "s2", "quote": "Additionally, construction of the three-building data center campus would employ an additional 1,000 workers temporarily, according to the Economic Development Center's CEO Mark Masse." }, { "field": "abatement_usd", "value": 1460000000, "note": "tax breaks offered by the Genesee County Economic Development Center", "source": "s2", "quote": "Officials with the Genesee County Economic Development Center are offering Stream U.S. Data Centers $1.46 billion in tax breaks for the creation of 125 jobs at a three-building data campus." }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Direct connection to the 345kV bulk power system (company-stated)", "source": "s8", "quote": "Our project connects directly to the 345kV Bulk Power System" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025", "event": "Stream wins approval for its initial project, later canceling those plans following a lawsuit from the Tonawanda Seneca Nation", "source": "s2", "quote": "Though the company won approval for its initial project last year, it canceled those plans following a lawsuit from the neighboring Tonawanda Seneca Nation." }, { "date": "2025-03-03", "event": "Stream's initial STAMP proposal, a 900,000 sq ft facility with around 250MW of capacity, is presented at a public hearing", "source": "s1", "quote": "The operator is planning a 900,000 sq ft (83,600 sqm) facility, with around 250MW of capacity, including a 600MW substation, as shared at a public hearing on March 3, 2025." }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "Tonawanda Seneca Nation, Sierra Club and a Town of Alabama resident sue the IDA and town officials over the STAMP incentive zoning agreement", "source": "s6", "quote": "On Monday, the Tonawanda Seneca Nation, the Sierra Club and a Town of Alabama resident sued the IDA and town officials over what they say is an illegal zoning agreement underpinning the industrial park." }, { "date": "2026-07-14", "event": "Gov. Kathy Hochul signs executive order enacting a statewide moratorium on large-scale data centers, pausing permitting for up to a year", "source": "s5", "quote": "signed an executive order today enacting the nation's first statewide moratorium on large-scale data centers, pausing the permitting process for up to a year." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Tonawanda Seneca Nation et al. v. Genesee County IDA and Town of Alabama officials", "court": "New York State Supreme Court, Genesee County", "filed": "2026-07", "status": "pending", "summary": "Plaintiffs argue the 2012 incentive zoning agreement between the Town of Alabama and the IDA underpinning the STAMP industrial park violates state law.", "source": "s6", "quote": "The suit, filed in State Supreme Court in Genesee County, argues that the 'incentive zoning agreement' (IZA) signed between the town and IDA in 2012 violates state law." } ], "issues": [ "The Tonawanda Seneca Nation has opposed the STAMP project, citing water and energy usage concerns (s1)", "The governor's executive order directs the Department of Environmental Conservation to hold data center permits and approvals in abeyance during a Public Service study, which Investigative Post reports appears to halt the proposal (s5, s6)", "As of May 2026, neither the Town of Alabama Planning Board nor GCEDC had made a decision on the proposal (s3)", "New York lawmakers passed a one-year moratorium on new data centers with peak demand of 20 megawatts or more in June 2026 (s4)", "GCEDC's CEO said the development will pay for 100% of any electrical infrastructure needed for it (s7)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Stream proposes large data center in Genesee County, New York", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/stream-proposes-large-data-center-in-genesee-county-new-york/", "date": "2025-03-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Subsidies for STAMP data center among largest ever", "publisher": "Investigative Post", "url": "https://investigativepost.org/2026/03/18/subsidies-for-stamp-data-center-among-largest-ever/", "date": "2026-03-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Genesee County town and GCEDC continue reviewing proposed data center", "publisher": "13WHAM", "url": "https://13wham.com/news/local/genesee-county-town-and-gcedc-continue-reviewing-proposed-data-center-stamp-industrial-park-genesee-county-economic-development-center-stream-data-centers", "date": "2026-05-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "A $19.5B data center and a statewide pause: What's at stake in Genesee County", "publisher": "Rochester Business Journal", "url": "https://rbj.net/2026/06/15/new-york-moratorium-genesee-county-data-center/", "date": "2026-06-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Hochul enacts first statewide moratorium on large data centers", "publisher": "The Batavian", "url": "https://www.thebatavian.com/staff/hochul-enacts-first-statewide-moratorium-on-large-data-centers/648283", "date": "2026-07-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Future of STAMP data center uncertain due to Hochul order, lawsuit", "publisher": "Investigative Post", "url": "https://investigativepost.org/2026/07/15/future-of-stamp-data-center-now-uncertain/", "date": "2026-07-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Gov. Hochul signs moratorium on data centers; Here's how it could impact proposed Genesee County data center", "publisher": "WHEC", "url": "https://www.whec.com/top-news/new-york-to-impose-the-countrys-first-statewide-moratorium-on-data-centers-2/", "date": "2026-07-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Genesee County Data Center Campus", "publisher": "Stream Data Centers", "url": "https://www.streamdatacenters.com/project-stamp/", "type": "company" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "tooele-valley-burmester-ut", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/tooele-valley-burmester-ut", "name": "Tooele Valley data center (Burmester Road / I-80)", "aka": [ "Interstate Technology Park", "Interstate Business Park", "Tooele Valley Project Area" ], "city": null, "county": "Tooele County", "state": "UT", "lat": 40.72, "lng": -112.43, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "paused", "statusNote": "Tooele County is not accepting data center applications until its ordinance (Chapter 34) is complete; the planning commission tabled the draft on Oct. 7, 2026", "developer": "Chuck Akerlow", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Developer Chuck Akerlow is pursuing a data center as part of a larger development near Burmester Road and I-80 at the south end of the Great Salt Lake; the Utah Inland Port Authority (UIPA) lists the Tooele Valley project area at 584 acres, while the advocacy group UPHE describes a 1,200-acre industrial development. The Salt Lake Tribune describes a 500-megawatt data center in the plan, along with a truck stop. The Tooele Valley Public Infrastructure District has sought a state permit to discharge up to 260,000 gallons per day of reverse-osmosis brine toward the lake. UIPA has said it has not committed financial support to the data center portion. On Oct. 7, 2026 the Tooele County Planning Commission voted unanimously to table the draft data center ordinance, and the county says it will not accept a data center application until that ordinance is done.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 500, "unit": "MW", "source": "s3", "note": "Salt Lake Tribune says the plan would include a 500-megawatt data center", "quote": "a 500-megawatt data center and a truck stop" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 584, "unit": "acres", "note": "UIPA's figure for the Tooele Valley project area (s7, s8). Conflicting figures: Amendment #1 (s8) says it added 342 acres; advocacy group UPHE (s9) describes a 1,200-acre industrial development; the Salt Lake Tribune (s3) quotes the developer saying the data center itself would cover around 200 acres", "source": "s7", "quote": "584-acre project area" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Developer holds a letter of intent for modular nuclear reactors on site, per ABC4; not confirmed as data center supply", "source": "s10" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Groundwater treated by reverse osmosis; brine discharged toward Great Salt Lake (up to 0.26 MGD at full build-out, ~29,000 gpd Phase I)", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "UPHE cites more than $240 million in port authority infrastructure financing; UIPA says it has not committed financial support to the data center portion", "note": "conflicting characterizations", "source": "s9" }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "UPDES discharge permit UT0026409 (draft, public notice June 16, 2026) for the Tooele Valley Public Infrastructure District reverse-osmosis treatment plant", "note": "Permittee: Tooele Valley Public Infrastructure District (TVPID)", "source": "s4", "quote": "UT0026409" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Burmester – I-80 Interchange, Tooele County, UT 84029", "note": "Facility location listed in UPDES permit notice", "source": "s4", "quote": "Burmester – I-80 Interchange, Tooele County, UT 84029" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-12-05", "event": "Utah Inland Port Authority board approves creation of the Tooele Valley Project Area and adopts its plan.", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2024-03-26", "event": "UIPA board unanimously creates the Tooele Valley Public Infrastructure District (Resolution 2024-04).", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2025-09-12", "event": "Tooele Valley Project Area Plan Amendment #1 adds 342 acres to the project area.", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-06-16", "event": "Utah DWQ draft public notice for TVPID reverse-osmosis water treatment plant discharge permit", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "Utah Division of Water Quality holds public hearing on the discharge permit", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-07-22", "event": "Tooele County Planning Commission hearing on new data center ordinance (Land Use Ordinance Chapter 34)", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-08", "event": "Planning Commission tables the truck stop plat application pending a third-party study and tables the data center ordinance to include public comment in its report", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-09-03", "event": "Utah News Dispatch reports plans paused while county drafts ordinance", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-10-07", "event": "Tooele County Planning Commission votes unanimously to table the draft data center ordinance (Chapter 34); next meeting set for Oct. 28", "source": "s11" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Conservation groups say the brine discharge could harm Great Salt Lake wetlands and Gilbert Bay (s6)", "Residents raised water, traffic, and environmental concerns, and questioned siting in a lower-income community (s2)", "Over 900 residents signed a TooeleCARES letter asking the county not to approve the draft ordinance as written (s11)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Concerns swirl over a developer's push for a Tooele Valley data center, but plans are on pause", "publisher": "Utah News Dispatch", "url": "https://utahnewsdispatch.com/2026/09/03/concerns-swirl-over-a-developers-push-for-a-tooele-valley-data-center-but-plans-are-on-pause/", "date": "2026-09-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Tooele County residents worry proposed changes could bring a data center to the area", "publisher": "Utah Public Radio", "url": "https://www.upr.org/utah-news/2026-08-13/tooele-county-data-center-ordinance-project", "date": "2026-08-13", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Utahns speak out as yet another data center is planned near the Great Salt Lake", "publisher": "The Salt Lake Tribune", "url": "https://www.sltrib.com/news/environment/2026/07/28/yet-another-data-center-planned/", "date": "2026-07-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "PN DRAFT Official Draft Public Notice Version June 16th, 2026 (TVPID RO Water Treatment Plant)", "publisher": "Utah Division of Water Quality", "url": "https://www.utah.gov/pmn/files/1450085.pdf", "date": "2026-06-16", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Notice of Public Hearing (Tooele County Planning Commission, data center ordinance)", "publisher": "Tooele County / Utah Public Notice Website", "url": "https://www.utah.gov/pmn/files/1460331.pdf", "date": "2026-07", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Conservation groups push back against proposed water treatment plant near Great Salt Lake", "publisher": "KSL.com", "url": "https://www.ksl.com/article/51602639/conservation-groups-push-back-against-proposed-water-treatment-plant-near-great-salt-lake", "date": "2026-07-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Tooele Valley (REVAMP)", "publisher": "Utah Inland Port Authority", "url": "https://inlandportauthority.utah.gov/tooelevalley-2/", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Tooele Valley: A Utah Inland Port Project Area — Project Area Plan, Amendment #1", "publisher": "Utah Inland Port Authority", "url": "https://inlandportauthority.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/Tooele-Valley-Project-Area-Plan-Amendment-1-2.pdf", "type": "government", "date": "2025-09-12" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Help STOP another data center proposal - Tooele", "publisher": "Utah Physicians for a Healthy Environment (advocacy group)", "url": "https://www.uphe.org/2026/06/16/help-stop-another-data-center-proposal-tooele/", "date": "2026-06-16", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Tooele residents, UIPA and the proposed data center", "publisher": "ABC4", "url": "https://www.abc4.com/news/local-news/tooele-residents-uipa-data-center/amp/", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "Tooele County Planning Commission votes to table draft of data center ordinance", "publisher": "KSL.com", "url": "https://www.ksl.com/article/51633969/tooele-county-planning-commission-votes-to-table-draft-of-data-center-ordinance", "date": "2026-10-08", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-05" }, { "slug": "cyrusone-chi-11-yorkville-il", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/cyrusone-chi-11-yorkville-il", "name": "CyrusOne CHI-11 Data Center Campus", "aka": [ "C1 Yorkville" ], "city": "Yorkville", "county": "Kendall County", "state": "IL", "lat": 41.6411, "lng": -88.4473, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Construction began in spring 2026; first building expected to be running by end of Q1 2028", "developer": "CyrusOne (C1 Yorkville, LLC)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "CyrusOne, through subsidiary C1 Yorkville LLC, is building a data center campus on approximately 228 acres in Yorkville, Illinois, originally approved in July 2024. In July 2026 the City Council approved a plan update reducing the campus to eight one-story buildings, with a $15 million up-front payment to the city and a 40,000-gallon-per-day water maximum; construction began in spring 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 228, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1", "quote": "preliminary PUD Plan approval for approximately 228 acres across referred to as the Cyrus One CHI-11 data center campus" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 8, "note": "reduced from nine two-story buildings", "source": "s1", "quote": "reducing the development from nine (9) two-story buildings totaling approximately 2,451,200 square feet to eight (8) one-story buildings with a maximum footprint of approximately 2,163,800 square feet." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 2163800, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "maximum footprint of the amended plan", "source": "s1", "quote": "reducing the development from nine (9) two-story buildings totaling approximately 2,451,200 square feet to eight (8) one-story buildings with a maximum footprint of approximately 2,163,800 square feet." }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 480, "unit": "MW", "note": "full electrical capacity allocation from ComEd", "source": "s5", "quote": "CyrusOne secured a full electrical capacity allocation of 480 megawatts from ComEd." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "ComEd", "source": "s5", "quote": "CyrusOne secured a full electrical capacity allocation of 480 megawatts from ComEd." }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 40000, "unit": "gallons/day", "note": "maximum after modifications; initially projected at 500,000 gallons per day", "source": "s5", "quote": "While the CyrusOne project was initially projected to consume 500,000 gallons of water per day, the modifications will now reduce it to a maximum of 40,000 gallons per day." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "source": "s5", "quote": "The developer is installing a closed-loop cooling system which is far more water efficient than an open-loop air drying cooling system." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "$15 million up-front payment to the city on issuance of the first building permit", "source": "s5", "quote": "The developers of the CyrusOne data center in Yorkville have agreed to pay the city $15 million up-front on the issuance of the first building permit." }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First building expected to be running by end of Q1 2028", "source": "s7", "quote": "The first building is expected to be up and running by the end of the first quarter of 2028." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-07-09", "event": "The proposal is approved", "source": "s4", "quote": "The proposal was approved on July 9" }, { "date": "2026", "event": "Construction begins at the site (spring)", "source": "s7", "quote": "Construction at the site began earlier this spring." }, { "date": "2026-07-14", "event": "City Council approves an update to the plan for the CyrusOne campus off Eldamain and Faxon roads", "source": "s6", "quote": "The Yorkville City Council on Tuesday approved an update to the plan for the proposed CyrusOne data center campus off Eldamain and Faxon roads." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Public commenters raised concerns about noise and water consumption (s6)", "The updated agreement adds more rigorous sound testing requirements (s6)", "Roadway improvements are expected to be completed by Nov. 30, 2027, with railroad crossing work by Nov. 30, 2028 (s7)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "C1 Yorkville – Cyrus One CHI-11 Data Center Campus (Major PUD Amendment & Preliminary PUD Plan)", "publisher": "United City of Yorkville", "url": "https://www.yorkville.il.us/940/C1-Yorkville-Cyrus-One-CHI-11-Data-Cente", "date": "2026", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "CyrusOne files for nine-building data center campus outside Chicago, Illinois", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/cyrusone-files-for-nine-building-data-center-campus-outside-chicago-illinois/", "date": "2024-06-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Yorkville City Council approves CyrusOne data center development in Illinois", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/yorkville-city-council-approves-cyrusone-data-center-development-in-illinois/", "date": "2024-07-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "228-acre CyrusOne data center agrees to pay Yorkville $15 million up-front, city imposes water use limits", "publisher": "Shaw Local", "url": "https://www.shawlocal.com/kendall-county-now/2026/07/14/228-acre-cyrusone-data-center-agrees-to-pay-yorkville-15-million-up-front-city-imposes-water-use-limits/", "date": "2026-07-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Yorkville approves CyrusOne data center plan update", "publisher": "WSPY News", "url": "https://www.wspynews.com/news/local/yorkville-approves-cyrusone-data-center-plan-update/article_81fdd921-5e7c-4e21-8fea-a51212a8f2df.html", "date": "2026-07-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Yorkville ready to expand Beecher and Faxon roads for CyrusOne data center", "publisher": "Shaw Local", "url": "https://www.shawlocal.com/kendall-county-now/2026/08/04/yorkville-ready-to-expand-beecher-and-faxon-roads-for-cyrusone-data-center/", "date": "2026-08-04", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "polaris-forge-1-ellendale-nd", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/polaris-forge-1-ellendale-nd", "name": "Polaris Forge 1", "aka": [ "Applied Digital Ellendale campus" ], "city": "Ellendale", "county": "Dickey County", "state": "ND", "lat": 46.0027, "lng": -98.527, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "operating", "statusNote": "Building 1 (100 MW) fully energized Nov 2025; Phase 1 of Building 2 (75 MW) delivered June 30, 2026, per Applied Digital", "developer": "Applied Digital", "endUsers": [ "CoreWeave" ], "summary": "Applied Digital's AI data center campus in Ellendale, North Dakota, with 400 MW of critical IT load fully leased to CoreWeave under 15-year agreements, on a site that began in 2023 as a cryptocurrency hosting facility. The first 100 MW building was fully ready for service in November 2025; a 150 MW second building and 150 MW third building are slated for 2026 and 2027. Applied Digital says the campus could scale to 1 GW. Applied Digital says it delivered the first 75 MW phase of Building 2 on June 30, 2026, bringing live capacity to 175 MW, and that note proceeds will fund a fourth, 150 MW building.", "facts": [ { "field": "it_mw", "value": 400, "unit": "MW", "note": "critical IT load, fully contracted to CoreWeave", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 100, "unit": "MW", "note": "Building 1", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": "Designed to scale to 1 GW over time (company)", "note": "a stated long-term potential; 400 MW of critical IT load is contracted and 175 MW was live as of June 30, 2026", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 3, "note": "100 MW, 150 MW and 150 MW buildings; in July 2026 Applied Digital said bond proceeds will fund a fourth, 150 MW building (s11)", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop recirculating water; company calls it waterless cooling", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Montana-Dakota Utilities", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Grid power, which the company and city describe as excess wind power", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Full capacity mid-to-late 2027", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "grid_operator", "value": "MISO", "note": "stated for the Applied Digital Ellendale load when the PSC approved the MDU electric service agreement in 2023", "source": "s9", "quote": "The Applied Digital load will be purchased from the Midcontinent Independent System Operator (MISO) market and will not impact Montana-Dakota customers' power supply." }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "ND DEQ Air Pollution Control Permit to Construct ACP-18296 v1.0 (synthetic minor) for the ELN Generation Plant, 9663 87th Ave. SE, Ellendale; posted by DEQ as a draft", "note": "application dated December 4, 2024, with June 28, 2025 modeling support", "source": "s10", "quote": "Permit Number: ACP-18296 v1.0 Permit Description: Synthetic Minor Source Name & Location: ELN Generation Plant 9663 87th Ave. SE Ellendale, ND 58436" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09", "event": "Construction begins at the Ellendale campus", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2023-06-06", "event": "North Dakota Public Service Commission unanimously approves Montana-Dakota Utilities' electric service agreement to serve Applied Digital's data center near Ellendale", "source": "s9" }, { "date": "2024-12-10", "event": "Applied Digital petitions to annex the data center into the city of Ellendale", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2025-06-02", "event": "Applied Digital signs 250 MW of 15-year leases with CoreWeave (~$7 billion)", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-08-29", "event": "CoreWeave signs additional 150 MW lease, bringing Polaris Forge 1 to 400 MW", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Phase I of Building 1 reaches ready for service", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-11-24", "event": "Phase II ready for service; Building 1 fully energized at 100 MW", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-04-21", "event": "Dickey County closes several roads damaged by construction traffic", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-06-30", "event": "Applied Digital says it delivered Phase 1 of Building 2 (75 MW), bringing live capacity at the campus to 175 MW", "source": "s11", "quote": "The first 100 MW data center at Polaris Forge 1 became operational in October 2025, and the Company delivered Phase 1 of Building 2 (75 MW) on June 30, 2026, bringing the total live capacity at the campus to 175 MW." }, { "date": "2026-07-27", "event": "Applied Digital says proceeds of a senior secured notes offering will fund construction of a fourth building (150 MW) at Polaris Forge 1", "source": "s11", "quote": "Proceeds from this offering were used to repay the $300 million bridge facility and will fund the construction of the fourth building (150 MW), at Polaris Forge 1." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Construction traffic has damaged county roads, leading to closures; repairs funded jointly by state grant, city, county and Applied Digital (s8)", "Rents in Ellendale have roughly doubled and some lower-income families have moved, per South Dakota Searchlight (s4)", "Residents report an audible hum from the site's first (crypto) facility within about a mile (s4)", "Montana-Dakota Utilities customers have received rate credits tied to the data center load (s4, s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Applied Digital Completes Phase II Ready for Service at Polaris Forge 1, Fully Energizing First 100 MW Building", "publisher": "Applied Digital", "url": "https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/137/applied-digital-completes-phase-ii-ready-for-service-at", "date": "2025-11-24", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Applied Digital Finalizes Additional 150MW Lease with CoreWeave in North Dakota", "publisher": "Applied Digital", "url": "https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/128/applied-digital-finalizes-additional-150mw-lease-with", "date": "2025-08-29", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Applied Digital signs 250MW agreement with CoreWeave for capacity at Ellendale campus, North Dakota", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/applied-digital-signs-250mw-agreement-with-coreweave-for-capacity-at-ellendale-campus-north-dakota/", "date": "2025-06-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "North Dakota town serves as an example of the promise and perils of data centers for South Dakota", "publisher": "South Dakota Searchlight", "url": "https://southdakotasearchlight.com/2026/01/30/north-dakota-town-serves-as-an-example-of-the-promise-and-perils-of-data-centers-for-south-dakota/", "date": "2026-01-30", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Ellendale acts as test case for data centers", "publisher": "KFYR-TV", "url": "https://www.kfyrtv.com/2026/03/06/ellendale-acts-test-case-data-centers/", "date": "2026-03-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "DCL: Applied Digital Answers Ellendale AI Data Center Questions on Roads and Water", "publisher": "KSJB AM 600", "url": "https://www.ksjbam.com/2026/06/04/dcl-applied-digital-answers-ellendale-ai-data-center-questions-on-roads-and-water/", "date": "2026-06-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Data center requests annexation into Ellendale", "publisher": "North Dakota Monitor", "url": "https://northdakotamonitor.com/briefs/data-center-requests-annexation-into-ellendale/", "date": "2024-12-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Vehicles tied to AI data center construction causing severe road damage in Dickey County", "publisher": "KFGO", "url": "https://kfgo.com/2026/04/21/vehicles-tied-to-ai-data-center-construction-causing-severe-road-damage-in-dickey-county/", "date": "2026-04-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "MDU Resources Subsidiary Receives Regulatory Approval to Serve Large Data Center Electric Load", "publisher": "MDU Resources (PR Newswire)", "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/mdu-resources-subsidiary-receives-regulatory-approval-to-serve-large-data-center-electric-load-301844256.html", "type": "company", "date": "2023-06-06" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Air Pollution Control Permit to Construct ACP-18296 v1.0 (draft)", "publisher": "North Dakota Department of Environmental Quality", "url": "https://deq.nd.gov/aq/Notices/ELN/DRAFTACP18296v10.pdf", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "Applied Digital Reports Fiscal Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2026 Results", "publisher": "Applied Digital", "url": "https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/159/applied-digital-reports-fiscal-fourth-quarter-and-full-year", "date": "2026-07-27", "type": "company" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "fleet-tric-storey-county-nv", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/fleet-tric-storey-county-nv", "name": "Fleet Data Centers TRIC campuses (South Valley and Peru Ridge)", "aka": [ "South Valley data center campus", "Peru Ridge data center campus" ], "city": null, "county": "Storey County", "state": "NV", "lat": 39.53, "lng": -119.47, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "PUCN approved two temporary private gas plants (360+ MW) on 2026-09-18; state air permits and Storey County approvals still required", "developer": "Fleet Data Centers (Tract Capital Management)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Fleet Data Centers, a subsidiary of Tract Capital Management, is developing two data center campuses, South Valley and Peru Ridge, at the Tahoe Reno Industrial Center. It plans to power them for two to three years with private gas plants of more than 360 MW until NV Energy can provide permanent service; Nevada regulators approved the plants in September 2026. The project sits within a wider debate over northern Nevada power supply: NV Energy plans to stop supplying about 49,000 Liberty Utilities customers at Lake Tahoe once its Greenlink West line is built, and some coverage linked that to data center demand. NV Energy says data centers did not influence that decision.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 362, "unit": "MW", "note": "Combined on-site gas generation (South Valley 144 MW + Peru Ridge 218 MW), temporary; not stated IT load", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Temporary private natural gas and diesel engine plants for 2–3 years, then NV Energy permanent service", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "NV Energy", "note": "Large load electric service agreement with Fleet subsidiary SV RNO Property Owner 1, LLC signed May 2026", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "utility_docket", "value": "PUCN Docket 26-04026 (South Valley, 144 MW) and Docket 26-04027 (Peru Ridge, 218 MW)", "source": "s5", "quote": "If approved, a temporary 144 MW plant would be built to power the South Valley data center campus, while a separate data center campus would be fueled by the 218 MW Peru Ridge Self-Generation Project, according to applications filed April 20 with state energy regulators." }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "Air quality permit applications for both gas plants submitted to the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (as of April 2026)", "source": "s5", "quote": "Air quality permit applications for the projects have already been submitted to the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection." }, { "field": "acres", "value": "1,600 acres at South Valley; 1,200 acres combined at Peru Ridge and Peru Shelf", "source": "s8", "quote": "the company's expansive land position of 1,600 acres at South Valley is developable to a total of 1215MW." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-03-20", "event": "CalMatters reports NV Energy will not renew power supply to Liberty Utilities' ~49,000 Lake Tahoe customers (contract ending May 2027), citing its own resource needs", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-04-20", "event": "Fleet files PUCN applications for South Valley (Docket 26-04026) and Peru Ridge (Docket 26-04027) self-generation plants", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-05", "event": "NV Energy enters large load electric service agreement with Fleet subsidiary SV RNO Property Owner 1, LLC", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-05-12", "event": "Fortune publishes report linking NV Energy's Tahoe supply exit to data center demand", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-05-15", "event": "NV Energy states data centers did not influence the Liberty decision and it will serve Liberty until Greenlink West is in place", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-05-20", "event": "Fleet and Tract break ground on a 2 million sq ft data center along USA Parkway with Gov. Joe Lombardo in attendance", "source": "s9" }, { "date": "2026-07-02", "event": "California Public Utilities Commission unanimously authorizes Liberty Utilities to seek bids for a new Lake Tahoe power supplier", "source": "s10", "quote": "The resolution allowing Liberty to conduct its RFP was adopted unanimously during the CPUC's July 2 meeting." }, { "date": "2026-09-18", "event": "Public Utilities Commission of Nevada approves the two gas plants, subject to environmental permits and Storey County approvals", "source": "s6" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "NV Energy v. Tract", "court": "Second Judicial District Court, Washoe County, Nevada", "filed": "2026-07", "status": "pending", "summary": "NV Energy sued to keep a dispute over power delivery and infrastructure costs for the South Valley and Peru Ridge campuses before the Public Utilities Commission of Nevada rather than in the private arbitration Tract is seeking.", "source": "s11", "quote": "Projects that create new infrastructure or energy costs must pay those costs and cannot shift them onto Nevada families, small businesses, or existing customers." } ], "issues": [ "Opponents cite air pollution, climate impacts, and bypassing Nevada's 50% by 2030 renewable portfolio standard; intervenor NCARE may appeal (s6)", "An analysis cited by Nevada Current says the plants would burn about three times the gas used by NV Energy's entire northern Nevada residential and commercial customer base in 2025 (s7)", "Lake Tahoe residents and officials worry about replacement power for Liberty customers; NV Energy says “there is no scenario where Liberty customers will be left without service” (s2, s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Nevada utility to Lake Tahoe: Find electricity elsewhere", "publisher": "CalMatters", "url": "https://calmatters.org/economy/2026/03/nevada-utility-to-lake-tahoe-find-electricity-elsewhere/", "date": "2026-03-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "'It's like we don't exist': Nearly 50,000 Lake Tahoe residents face power loss as utility redirects lines to data centers", "publisher": "Fortune", "url": "https://fortune.com/2026/05/12/lake-tahoe-data-center-49000-residents-power-source/", "date": "2026-05-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "NV Energy responds to Fortune article about South Lake Tahoe's power supply", "publisher": "KTVN 2News", "url": "https://www.2news.com/townnews/politics/nv-energy-responds-to-fortune-article-about-south-lake-tahoes-power-supply/article_759d4d36-eac2-496f-b238-05a207f808eb.html", "date": "2026-05-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "A Shock to the System", "publisher": "Moonshine Ink", "url": "https://www.moonshineink.com/tahoe-news/a-shock-to-the-system/", "date": "2026-05-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Why a Northern Nevada data center wants to build its own temporary natural gas power plant", "publisher": "The Nevada Independent", "url": "https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/why-a-northern-nevada-data-center-wants-to-build-its-own-temporary-natural-gas-power-plant", "date": "2026-04-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Public Utility Commission approves gas plants to power data centers", "publisher": "Nevada Current", "url": "https://nevadacurrent.com/2026/09/18/public-utility-commission-approves-gas-plants-to-power-data-centers/", "date": "2026-09-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Private gas plants to power data centers would skirt state's renewable energy law", "publisher": "This Is Reno / Nevada Current", "url": "https://thisisreno.com/2026/09/fleet-data-center-gas-plants/", "date": "2026-09-01", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Fleet Data Centers breaks ground on 2 facilities", "publisher": "Northern Nevada Business Weekly", "url": "https://www.nnbw.com/news/2026/jun/02/fleet-data-centers-breaks-ground-on-2-facilities/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-06-02" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Gov. Lombardo, construction companies break ground on 2 million sq. ft. data center in Storey Co.", "publisher": "KOLO 8 News Now", "url": "https://www.kolotv.com/2026/05/20/gov-lombardo-construction-companies-break-ground-2-million-sq-ft-data-center-storey-co/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-05-20" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Tahoe's power search advances, but questions remain", "publisher": "CapRadio", "url": "https://www.capradio.org/articles/2026/08/06/tahoes-power-search-advances-but-questions-remain/", "date": "2026-08-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "Nevada energy company sues data center in first-of-its-kind fight over who should pay for AI buildout", "publisher": "CBS News", "url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nevada-data-center-lawsuit-ai-energy-costs/", "date": "2026-08-07", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-25" }, { "slug": "river-bend-west-feliciana-la", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/river-bend-west-feliciana-la", "name": "Hut 8 River Bend Campus", "aka": [ "River Bend" ], "city": "St. Francisville", "county": "West Feliciana Parish", "state": "LA", "lat": 30.7799, "lng": -91.3765, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "First data hall targeted for Q2 2027", "developer": "Hut 8", "endUsers": [ "Fluidstack", "Anthropic" ], "summary": "An AI data center campus in West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana, near St. Francisville, where Hut 8 has leased 245 MW of IT capacity to Fluidstack for 15 years ($7.0 billion), with lease payments backed by a Google financial guarantee. DCD reports it is part of a partnership to deliver infrastructure for Anthropic. Louisiana Economic Development puts Phase I investment at up to $10 billion; operations are expected to begin in Q2 2027.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 330, "unit": "MW", "note": "initial utility capacity; potential to expand by up to 1,000 MW", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "it_mw", "value": 245, "unit": "MW", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 627, "unit": "acres", "note": "in use; 2,361 more acres under option per Hut 8", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 10000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "up to $10 billion, Phase I", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 75, "note": "at least 75 direct; 193 indirect", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1000, "note": "about 1,000 at peak", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Entergy Louisiana", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "State and local sales/use tax rebate on data center equipment (Act 730 of 2024) and Quality Jobs program", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Q2 2027 for first data hall, more halls through 2027", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Hut 8 donates its 611-acre site to the parish Industrial Development Board and leases it back, with rent set at the amount of property tax that would have been due on the GPUs; 30-year agreement, up to $90 million a year to the parish", "source": "s9", "quote": "Instead of paying property taxes on the facility, Hut 8 will donate its 611-acre site to the IDB. The board will then lease the property back to the company, charging rent equal to what property taxes on the GPUs would have been." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "note": "Hut 8 committed $16 million for closed-loop water infrastructure", "source": "s10", "quote": "Hut 8 has committed $16 million to build closed-loop water infrastructure for its planned West Feliciana Parish data center." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-03-18", "event": "Hut 8 announces it has secured 592 acres in West Feliciana Parish for River Bend", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2025-12-17", "event": "Hut 8 signs 15-year, 245 MW lease with Fluidstack; state and Entergy announce $10 billion project", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-12-22", "event": "Parish president says parish permitting is complete; construction already under way", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-06-15", "event": "West Feliciana Parish Council and Industrial Development Board accept an agreement for a $10 million PILOT prepayment from Hut 8 due July 1, 2026", "source": "s11" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Hut 8 Selects Southeast Louisiana as Site of $10 Billion Artificial Intelligence Data Center", "publisher": "Louisiana Economic Development", "url": "https://www.opportunitylouisiana.gov/news/hut-8-selects-southeast-louisiana-as-site-of-10-billion-artificial-intelligence-data-center", "date": "2025-12-17", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Hut 8 selects Entergy, Southeast Louisiana for $10 billion artificial intelligence data center", "publisher": "Entergy", "url": "https://www.entergy.com/news/hut-8-selects-entergy-southeast-louisiana-for-10-billion-artificial-intelligence-data-center", "date": "2025-12-17", "type": "utility" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Hut 8 Signs 15-Year, 245 MW AI Data Center Lease at River Bend Campus with Total Contract Value of $7.0 Billion", "publisher": "Hut 8", "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/hut-8-signs-15-year-245-mw-ai-data-center-lease-at-river-bend-campus-with-total-contract-value-of-7-0-billion-302644600.html", "date": "2025-12-17", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Hut 8 signs 245MW capacity deal with Fluidstack as part of multi-gigawatt partnership with Anthropic", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/hut-8-signs-245mw-capacity-deal-with-fluidstack-as-part-of-multi-gigawatt-partnership-with-anthropic/", "date": "2025-12-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "River Bend | Hut 8", "publisher": "Hut 8", "url": "https://www.hut8.com/data-centers/river-bend", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Hut 8 secures 592 acres for 300MW Bitcoin and AI data center", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/hut-8-secures-592-acres-for-300mw-bitcoin-and-ai-data-center/", "date": "2025-03-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Hut 8 lands a massive partnership for its West Feliciana data center", "publisher": "10/12 Industry Report", "url": "https://www.1012industryreport.com/technology/ai/hut-8-lands-a-massive-partnership-for-its-west-feliciana-data-center/", "date": "2025-12-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Jacobs starts $10B Louisiana data center", "publisher": "Construction Dive", "url": "https://www.constructiondive.com/news/jacobs-louisiana-data-center-hut8/808553/", "date": "2025-12-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Data Center Deal Could Net Louisiana Parish $90M a Year", "publisher": "GovTech (The Advocate)", "url": "https://www.govtech.com/products/data-center-deal-could-net-louisiana-parish-90m-a-year", "type": "news", "date": "2025-10-29" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Hut 8 commits $16 million for 'closed loop' water infrastructure", "publisher": "BIZ Magazine (The Center Square)", "url": "https://bizmagsb.com/hut-8-commits-16-million-for-closed-loop-water-infrastructure/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-05-21" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "West Feliciana Parish Council and Industrial Development Board accept agreement for prepayment from data center", "publisher": "WBRZ", "url": "https://www.wbrz.com/news/west-feliciana-parish-council-and-industrial-development-board-accept-agreement-for-prepayment-from-data-center", "type": "news", "date": "2026-06-15" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "imperial-data-center-imperial-county-ca", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/imperial-data-center-imperial-county-ca", "name": "Imperial Data Center", "aka": [ "Imperial Valley Computer Manufacturing data center" ], "city": "Imperial", "county": "Imperial County", "state": "CA", "lat": 32.8476, "lng": -115.5694, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "paused", "statusNote": "Superior Court set aside the county's lot merger approval on 2026-09-09 and ordered CEQA review; developer plans to appeal", "developer": "Imperial Valley Computer Manufacturing (Sebastian Rucci)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Imperial Valley Computer Manufacturing, led by developer Sebastian Rucci, proposes a nearly 1 million sq ft, 330 MW data center on about 75 acres at Aten and Clark roads just outside the city of Imperial, next to the Victoria Ranch neighborhood. Imperial County supervisors approved a lot merger in April 2026 without environmental review, then adopted a moratorium; courts have since set aside both the moratorium and the lot merger approval, and the developer is also suing the Imperial Irrigation District for Colorado River water.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 330, "unit": "MW", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 950000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "described as nearly 1 million sq ft", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 75, "unit": "acres", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 10000000000, "note": "as reported in developer's federal lawsuit coverage", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 750000, "note": "for cooling; developer seeks 260 million gallons per year from IID", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Originally planned recycled water from nearby cities; developer now seeking Colorado River water from Imperial Irrigation District", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "On-site substation, battery system, and natural gas generators for backup", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 100, "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 2500, "note": "developer figure; county consultant estimated 1,600-1,700", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "100 natural gas-powered backup emergency generators", "note": "per court documents cited in the City of Imperial's petition", "source": "s9", "quote": "An electrical substation and 100 natural gas-powered backup emergency generators to ensure continuous operation." }, { "field": "nearest_residence", "value": "a couple hundred feet from homes in the City of Imperial", "note": "as argued in the City of Imperial's court complaint", "source": "s2", "quote": "The City of Imperial objected to that shortcut in a court complaint that argues that the project is located just a couple hundred feet from homes in the incorporated city" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "No rezoning or conditional use permit required, per Feb. 10, 2026 Superior Court ruling on the City of Imperial's amended complaint", "source": "s10", "quote": "the court on Feb. 10 found the amended complaint legally insufficient, effectively concluding that the project does not require a rezoning or a CUP." }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "Imperial Irrigation District denied the developer's water service request on May 1, 2026, citing Regulation 21", "source": "s11", "quote": "On May 1, 2026, the district denied the request. Court records say the denial rested on Regulation 21, a rule for small parcels that blocks new water hookups within 300 feet of a city's drinking water supply." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-12", "event": "County Planning Commission declines to approve lot merger; developer appeals", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "event": "Developer sues City of Imperial in federal court after moving project to county land", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-02-10", "event": "Imperial County Superior Court finds the City of Imperial's amended CEQA complaint legally insufficient", "source": "s10" }, { "date": "2026-04-07", "event": "Board of Supervisors approves lot merger 4-1", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-05", "event": "Imperial Irrigation District rejects developer's water application", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-06", "event": "Board of Supervisors adopts 45-day data center moratorium; developer sues IID for water access", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "Moratorium extended ten months and fifteen days", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-08-28", "event": "County says Superior Court found moratorium findings insufficient and ordered it withdrawn", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-09-09", "event": "Superior Court sets aside lot merger approval and orders CEQA environmental review", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-09-15", "event": "The Imperial Irrigation District board approves a Large Load Tariff, new pricing rules making data centers the first to have their power cut during surges in demand", "source": "s12", "quote": "The Imperial Valley's water and power agency has approved new pricing rules that put data centers first in line to have their power cut when demand surges." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Imperial Valley Computer Manufacturing v. Imperial Irrigation District", "court": "Imperial County Superior Court", "filed": "2026-06-05", "status": "pending", "summary": "The developer's verified petition challenges the irrigation district's denial of water service for the data center, raising eight legal claims.", "source": "s11", "quote": "On June 5, 2026, the company filed a verified petition in Imperial County Superior Court against the Imperial Irrigation District. The petition lists eight legal claims." } ], "issues": [ "The City of Imperial sued under CEQA, citing air quality, water use, and energy demand near homes (s2)", "The developer previously said the project would not use Colorado River water, then sought it after recycled-water talks failed (s4)", "KPBS reported the campus could use nearly double the electricity Imperial County used in 2024 (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "'This data center will come.' The fight over California's largest AI development", "publisher": "inewsource", "url": "https://inewsource.org/2026/04/05/data-center-developer-imperial-county/", "date": "2026-04-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "This million-square-foot data center would be the biggest in the state. How local leaders are challenging it", "publisher": "CalMatters", "url": "https://calmatters.org/environment/2026/06/imperial-county-data-center/", "date": "2026-06-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Developer of $10B Data Center Sues City of Imperial in Fed Court", "publisher": "Calexico Chronicle", "url": "https://calexicochronicle.com/2026/01/12/developer-of-10b-data-center-sues-city-of-imperial-in-fed-court/", "date": "2026-01-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Imperial Valley data center developer files lawsuit seeking access to Colorado River water", "publisher": "KPBS", "url": "https://www.kpbs.org/news/environment/2026/06/15/imperial-valley-data-center-developer-files-lawsuit-seeking-access-to-colorado-river-water", "date": "2026-06-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Imperial County supervisors clear path for massive data center complex amid fierce opposition", "publisher": "KPBS", "url": "https://www.kpbs.org/news/environment/2026/04/07/imperial-county-supervisors-clear-path-for-massive-data-center-complex-amid-fierce-opposition", "date": "2026-04-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Imperial County Provides Update on Data Center Moratorium", "publisher": "County of Imperial", "url": "https://imperialcounty.org/2026/08/icdcmoratorium2026/", "date": "2026-08-28", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Court overturns approval of Imperial County data center, orders environmental review", "publisher": "KPBS", "url": "https://www.kpbs.org/news/environment/2026/09/09/court-overturns-approval-of-imperial-county-data-center-orders-environmental-review", "date": "2026-09-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Desert data center developer challenges county moratorium in court", "publisher": "Courthouse News Service", "url": "https://www.courthousenews.com/desert-data-center-developer-challenges-county-moratorium-in-court/", "date": "2026-07-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "City of Imperial sues County to halt massive data center project, City of El Centro responds", "publisher": "Imperial Valley Press", "url": "https://www.ivpressonline.com/news/city-of-imperial-sues-county-to-halt-massive-data-center-project-city-of-el-centro/article_df62d7e7-49e4-496f-b55a-70743e48792e.html", "type": "news", "date": "2025-12-13" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Imperial's CEQA Claims Are Insufficient to Challenge Data Center", "publisher": "Calexico Chronicle", "url": "https://calexicochronicle.com/2026/02/11/court-imperials-ceqa-claims-are-insufficient-to-challenge-data-center/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-02-11" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "Data center water fight heads to Imperial County court", "publisher": "Western Water", "url": "https://www.western-water.com/2026/08/04/data-center-water-fight-heads-to-imperial-county-court/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-08-04" }, { "id": "s12", "title": "Imperial Valley utility adopts new pricing rules, putting data centers first for power cuts", "publisher": "KPBS", "url": "https://www.kpbs.org/news/environment/2026/09/16/imperial-valley-utility-adopts-new-pricing-rules-putting-data-centers-first-for-power-cuts", "type": "news", "date": "2026-09-16" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-24" }, { "slug": "cloudhq-ord-mount-prospect-il", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/cloudhq-ord-mount-prospect-il", "name": "CloudHQ ORD Campus", "aka": [ "Mount Prospect Technology Campus" ], "city": "Mount Prospect", "county": "Cook County", "state": "IL", "lat": 42.064202, "lng": -87.937364, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Daily Herald reported in July 2026 that the site remains under construction; the village hired an outside firm for CloudHQ permit reviews", "developer": "CloudHQ (affiliate TUR Venture LLC)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "CloudHQ is redeveloping a former airline campus in Mount Prospect into a data center campus; ComEd said in August 2022 that construction was underway on the first phase of the $2.5 billion, 1.5 million-square-foot campus, and CloudHQ says the site will deliver as much as 300 MWs of critical IT load. The revised plan calls for two three-story structures rather than three two-story buildings, plus a second electrical substation. The Daily Herald reported in July 2026 that the development on the 50-acre site at Algonquin Road, Linneman Road and Dempster Street is still under construction.", "facts": [ { "field": "it_mw", "value": 300, "unit": "MW", "note": "\"up to\"; company figure. CloudHQ's page also lists 252 MWs total critical IT load; the village's original-plan description cited three 84 MW data centers (s2)", "source": "s3", "quote": "The historic site will be transformed into a state-of-the-art data center campus providing up to 300 MWs of critical IT load, deliverable in many different configurations, via the on-site substation." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 1500000, "note": "CloudHQ's page lists 1,700,000 SF (s3); the village's original-plan description cited 566,767 sq ft per building (s2)", "source": "s1", "quote": "construction is now underway on the first phase of a new $2.5 billion, 1.5 million square foot (140,000 sqm) data center campus" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 2500000000, "source": "s4", "quote": "the $2.5 billion development on the former United Airlines site at the intersection of Algonquin Road, Linneman Road and Dempster Street remains under construction" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 50, "source": "s4", "quote": "with cranes jutting out of the sprawling fenced-in 50-acre site" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 2, "note": "revised plan; the original plan called for three buildings", "source": "s4", "quote": "It has been revised from three two-story buildings to two three-story structures, with the plan also calling for a second electrical substation." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "ComEd (Commonwealth Edison)", "source": "s1", "quote": "ComEd is a unit of Chicago-based Exelon Corporation; the company will deliver a new onsite substation, extend high voltage lines, and provide new technology investments to support CloudHQ's development." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Cook County Class 6b tax classification; village resolution supporting CloudHQ/TUR Venture LLC's application (Dec. 14, 2021) and a Nov. 15, 2022 resolution recommending future renewal", "source": "s2", "quote": "Resolution Supporting CloudHQ LLC, and/or its Affiliate TUR Venture LLC's, Application for a Class 6b Tax Classification." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Conditional use for a planned unit development (Mount Prospect Technology Campus); 2025 amendment for a two-building campus with a second electrical substation", "source": "s2", "quote": "The Petitioner proposes to modify the original PUD to construct a two-building datacenter campus, second electrical substation, mechanical yard, satellite antenna yard, and related site improvements." }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First building 2024; two more in the following three to five years based on demand", "note": "ComEd projection reported in August 2022, before the plan was revised to two buildings", "source": "s1", "quote": "According to ComEd, the project's first building is set for completion in 2024, with the additional two buildings completed in the next three to five years based on demand." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2021", "event": "CloudHQ acquires the site, planning to demolish large parts of the former airline campus and build three data center buildings", "source": "s1", "quote": "CloudHQ acquired the site in the Elk Grove area of Chicago in late 2021, with plans to demolish large parts of the former United Airlines site and construct three data center buildings, each about 560,000 sq ft (52,000 sqm) and more than 80MW." }, { "date": "2021-12-14", "event": "Mount Prospect Village Board takes up a first reading of an ordinance granting a preliminary plat and conditional use, and a resolution supporting a Class 6b tax classification application", "source": "s2", "quote": "Resolution Supporting CloudHQ LLC, and/or its Affiliate TUR Venture LLC's, Application for a Class 6b Tax Classification." }, { "date": "2022-06-21", "event": "Village Board holds the first reading of an ordinance approving a conditional use for the final planned unit development, along with the final plat", "source": "s2", "quote": "1st Reading of an Ordinance Granting a Conditional Use for a Final Planned Unit Development and a Final Plat of Subdivision." }, { "date": "2022-08", "event": "CloudHQ breaks ground; ComEd says construction is underway on the first phase", "source": "s1", "quote": "Energy provider Commonwealth Edison Company (ComEd) this week said construction is now underway on the first phase of a new $2.5 billion, 1.5 million square foot (140,000 sqm) data center campus after a groundbreaking ceremony this week." }, { "date": "2022-11-15", "event": "Village Board takes up a resolution recommending future renewal of the Class 6B classification for the Mount Prospect Technology Campus", "source": "s2", "quote": "Resolution Recommending the Future Renewal of a Class 6B Classification for the Mount Prospect Technology Campus" }, { "date": "2025-10-28", "event": "Village Board takes up an ordinance amending the PUD conditional use and final plat for the Mount Prospect Technology Campus", "source": "s2", "quote": "ORDINANCE AMENDING ORDINANCE NO. 6634 GRANTING A CONDITIONAL USE FOR A PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT AND A FINAL PLAT OF SUBDIVISION FOR THE PROPERTY COMMONLY KNOWN AS THE MOUNT PROSPECT TECHNOLOGY CAMPUS" }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "Village hires HR Green, Inc. to review CloudHQ permits, with the developer bearing the cost", "source": "s4", "quote": "The village has hired HR Green, Inc., headquartered in Iowa with a regional office in McHenry, at a maximum of $22,500 for three CloudHQ permit reviews, with the cost passed on to the developer." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Sources differ on the site's history: the village describes it as the former American Airlines training campus, while DCD, CloudHQ and the Daily Herald describe a former United Airlines site (s1, s2, s3, s4)", "The site is in the South Mount Prospect TIF (s2)", "CloudHQ has been submitting permits with more than 3,000 pages of plan sheets, according to the village's community development director (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "CloudHQ breaks ground on 1.5 million sq ft campus in Mount Prospect, Illinois", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/cloudhq-breaks-ground-on-15-million-sq-ft-campus-in-mount-prospect-illinois/", "date": "2022-08-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Cloud HQ - Data Center", "publisher": "Village of Mount Prospect, IL", "url": "https://www.mountprospect.org/services/community-information-and-fact-check-portal/cloud-hq-data-center", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "CloudHQ ORD Campus", "publisher": "CloudHQ", "url": "https://cloudhq.com/campus/ord-campus/", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Mount Prospect hires outside firm to handle data center permitting", "publisher": "Daily Herald", "url": "https://www.dailyherald.com/20260716/news/mount-prospect-hires-outside-firm-to-handle-data-center-permitting/", "date": "2026-07-16", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-24" }, { "slug": "coreweave-lancaster-pa", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/coreweave-lancaster-pa", "name": "CoreWeave Lancaster data center", "aka": [ "Lancaster East", "Chirisa Lancaster" ], "city": "Lancaster", "county": "Lancaster County", "state": "PA", "lat": 40.0379, "lng": -76.3055, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "First Greenfield Road building under construction; second building and Harrisburg Pike site still need approvals", "developer": "Chirisa Technology Parks and Machine Investment Group", "endUsers": [ "CoreWeave" ], "summary": "Chirisa Technology Parks and Machine Investment Group are converting two former LSC Communications/R.R. Donnelley printing plants in Lancaster city, at 216 Greenfield Road and 1375 Harrisburg Pike, into AI data centers with CoreWeave as tenant. CoreWeave says it will commit up to $6 billion for 100 MW of initial capacity, expandable to 300 MW. The first Greenfield Road building is under construction and targeted for summer 2027; residents are appealing approval of a second building.", "facts": [ { "field": "it_mw", "value": 100, "unit": "MW", "note": "initial IT capacity, expandable to 300 MW", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 300, "unit": "MW", "note": "potential expansion", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 6000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "CoreWeave commitment of up to $6 billion; total project budget reported as up to $10 billion", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 144, "unit": "acres", "note": "two former printing plant properties", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 600, "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 175, "note": "about 70 at launch, scaling to 175", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Summer 2027 for the first Greenfield Road building", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Suburban Manufacturing (SM); data center use deemed consistent with the district", "source": "s9", "quote": "These properties are zoned for Suburban Manufacturing (SM), which is regulated by Chapter 300 of the Code of the City of Lancaster." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "None offered by the City of Lancaster", "source": "s9", "quote": "No. The City of Lancaster has not offered any development incentives (tax breaks, discounted fees, etc.) to the project." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Community benefits agreement: owners contribute $10 million each to two funds, paid in $2.5 million increments starting at construction financing", "source": "s10", "quote": "The owners will contribute $10 million each to two funds" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 20000, "unit": "gallons per day", "note": "cap per campus under the community benefits agreement, not a measured figure", "source": "s10", "quote": "Water use is capped at 20,000 gallons per day per campus, significantly less than the use for typical manufacturing" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "air cooling and a closed-loop water system", "source": "s9", "quote": "air cooling and a closed-loop water system for cooling" }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "PA DEP air quality permit for emergency diesel generators at 216 Greenfield Road; draft approval published in the Pennsylvania Bulletin on November 15, 2025", "source": "s9", "quote": "PA DEP posted the draft permit approval in the Pennsylvania Bulletin on November 15, 2025, initiating a 30-day public comment period." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-02", "event": "City zoning officer classifies both data centers as a permitted wholesale trade and storage use", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-06", "event": "Work begins on first Greenfield Road building", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2025-07-15", "event": "CoreWeave announces up to $6 billion commitment for Lancaster data center", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-11-20", "event": "Lancaster City Council approves $20 million community benefits agreement, 6-1", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2025-12-22", "event": "County judge sides with the developers, ruling a resident's appeal of the zoning officer's letters cannot go to the zoning hearing board", "source": "s11", "quote": "A resident’s appeal of the zoning approval for the Lancaster city data centers cannot go forward for procedural reasons, a county court judge has ruled." }, { "date": "2026-02-24", "event": "Report that lenders passed on construction financing; CoreWeave says project is fully funded and moving forward", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-08", "event": "Residents' group appeals planning commission's conditional preliminary approval of a second Greenfield Road data center", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-09-21", "event": "Judge grants the developers' emergency motion to stay the zoning hearing on the residents' group appeal of the second Greenfield Road building", "source": "s12", "quote": "Late Monday, Lancaster County Court of Common Pleas Judge Thomas B. Sponaugle approved developers’ emergency motion to stay the zoning hearing." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents argued the project should not have been approved as 'wholesale trade and storage' without public hearings (s3, s4)", "Community benefits agreement limits noise, restricts testing of 176 backup diesel generators, and requires 100% renewable energy (including nuclear) for 10 years; critics called its penalties 'pay to pollute' (s5)", "Residents raised water, noise and air quality concerns (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "CoreWeave Announces Multi-Billion Dollar Commitment to AI Infrastructure in Pennsylvania", "publisher": "CoreWeave", "url": "https://investors.coreweave.com/news/news-details/2025/CoreWeave-Announces-Multi-Billion-Dollar-Commitment-to-AI-Infrastructure-in-Pennsylvania/default.aspx", "date": "2025-07-15", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "CoreWeave plans $6bn data center in Lancaster, Pennsylvania", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/coreweave-plans-6bn-data-center-in-lancaster-pennsylvania/", "date": "2025-07-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Lancaster, Pa., Hearing to Revisit Data Center Zoning Decision", "publisher": "Government Technology", "url": "https://www.govtech.com/products/lancaster-pa-hearing-to-revisit-data-center-zoning-decision", "date": "2025-08-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Lancaster city data centers face zoning hearing, possible new regulations", "publisher": "WITF", "url": "https://www.witf.org/2025/08/28/lancaster-city-data-centers-face-zoning-hearing-possible-new-regulations/", "date": "2025-08-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Lancaster City Council votes to approve data center benefits agreement", "publisher": "LancasterOnline", "url": "https://lancasteronline.com/news/local/lancaster-city-council-votes-to-approve-data-center-benefits-agreement/article_b05cb1fd-a585-4c4f-8945-c96ada3172ad.html", "date": "2025-11-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Lenders passed on financing for Lancaster city data centers: report", "publisher": "LancasterOnline", "url": "https://lancasteronline.com/business/local_business/report-lenders-passed-on-financing-for-lancaster-city-data-centers/article_cf4631fa-288f-43ef-adf8-d21b63da5d9b.html", "date": "2026-02-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Second planned Lancaster city data center facing residents' appeal", "publisher": "LancasterOnline", "url": "https://lancasteronline.com/news/local/second-planned-lancaster-city-data-center-facing-residents-appeal/article_9c47bec3-7771-48f9-8fb2-5a02a3df25e4.html", "date": "2026-08-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Data Center Information", "publisher": "City of Lancaster", "url": "https://www.cityoflancasterpa.gov/data-center/", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Data Center Frequently Asked Questions", "publisher": "City of Lancaster, PA", "url": "https://www.cityoflancasterpa.gov/data-center/frequently-asked-questions/", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Data Center Community Benefits Agreement", "publisher": "City of Lancaster, PA", "url": "https://www.cityoflancasterpa.gov/data-center/community-benefits-agreement/", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "Lancaster city data center developers win suit to block resident's zoning appeal", "publisher": "LancasterOnline", "url": "https://lancasteronline.com/news/local/lancaster-city-data-center-developers-win-suit-to-block-residents-zoning-appeal/article_70a011c5-7cf2-4b77-9167-df7d2268bb19.html", "date": "2025-12-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s12", "title": "Judge cancels Greenfield Road data center zoning hearing", "publisher": "LancasterOnline", "url": "https://lancasteronline.com/news/local/judge-cancels-greenfield-road-data-center-zoning-hearing/article_467a9aa4-d9b4-4195-b838-e9c049eff84f.html", "date": "2026-09-22", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "google-botetourt-county-va", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/google-botetourt-county-va", "name": "Google Botetourt County Data Center Campus", "aka": [], "city": null, "county": "Botetourt County", "state": "VA", "lat": 37.4994, "lng": -79.8767, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "County issued grading plans and land disturbance permit in August 2026; first building targeted for 2028", "developer": "Google", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Google plans a three-building data center campus on a 312-acre parcel inside the Botetourt Center at Greenfield, the only part of the County zoned for a data center. Peak electricity demand at the campus will be approximately 300 megawatts, and Google's water use is initially capped at 2 million gallons per day, though the first of the three buildings will be air-cooled. The County issued the grading plans and land disturbance permit in August 2026, and completion of the first data center structure is expected during calendar year 2028.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 300, "unit": "MW", "note": "approximate peak electricity demand", "source": "s9", "quote": "Google will have a peak electricity demand of approximately 300 megawatts, a figure that has not previously been made public." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 312, "source": "s1", "quote": "June 24, the Botetourt County Board of Supervisors approved supporting the performance agreement which publicly announced Google's purchase of a 312-acre parcel of land." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 3, "source": "s3", "quote": "The incremental tax base for each of the three data centers in this campus is expected to yield at least $10 million in annual local taxation." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 300000, "note": "about 300,000 square feet per building; three buildings proposed", "source": "s6", "quote": "Each of the three proposed data center buildings will cover about 300,000 square feet, along with three substations, an office building, access roads, utilities, parking areas and stormwater management facilities" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 2000000, "note": "initial cap; Google may later request as much as 8 million gallons per day", "source": "s5", "quote": "Google is initially allowed to use no more than 2 million gallons of water per day, with the option to request up to 8 million gallons per day in the future" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Western Virginia Water Authority (new infrastructure at Google's expense)", "source": "s10", "quote": "with Google, will enable the Authority to develop new, efficient and sustainable water infrastructure solutions, solely at the company's expense" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "air-cooling for the first of three buildings", "source": "s5", "quote": "the first of three buildings will use air-cooling technology instead of water cooling" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Appalachian Power", "source": "s2", "quote": "Appalachian Power evaluated the electric system well in advance to ensure it could safely and reliably support a data center of this magnitude in Botetourt County." }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Power purchase agreement for the full output (79.3 MW) of the Rocky Forge Wind project", "source": "s3", "quote": "the full output (79.3 megawatts) of the Rocky Forge Wind project, Virginia's first utility-scale wind facility." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "$4 million to support County initiatives over five years", "source": "s3", "quote": "$4 million to support County initiatives over the next five years" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Data centers permitted in the Research and Advanced Manufacturing (RAM) zoning district", "source": "s1", "quote": "voted to amend the County's zoning ordinance to permit data centers in the Research and Advanced Manufacturing (RAM) zoning district" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "calendar year 2028 (first data center structure)", "source": "s1", "quote": "The first Data Center structure is expected to be completed and fit for use and during calendar year 2028." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Botetourt Center at Greenfield business park", "source": "s1", "quote": "Located inside the Botetourt Center at Greenfield, which is a designated business park and the only area zoned for a data center in the County." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-11-26", "event": "Board of Supervisors and Planning Commission amend zoning ordinance to permit data centers in the RAM district", "source": "s1", "quote": "voted to amend the County's zoning ordinance to permit data centers in the Research and Advanced Manufacturing (RAM) zoning district" }, { "date": "2025-06-24", "event": "Board of Supervisors approves performance agreement; Google's purchase of a 312-acre parcel announced", "source": "s1", "quote": "June 24, the Botetourt County Board of Supervisors approved supporting the performance agreement which publicly announced Google's purchase of a 312-acre parcel of land." }, { "date": "2025-09-10", "event": "Western Virginia Water Authority board authorizes agreements including one with Google", "source": "s10", "quote": "On September 10, 2025, the Authority's Board of Directors authorized execution of two agreements" }, { "date": "2026-02", "event": "County receives first construction permit applications for grading", "source": "s1", "quote": "The first construction permit applications for grading were received by Botetourt County in February 2026 and the grading plans and land disturbance permit issued by the County in August 2026." }, { "date": "2026-07-22", "event": "Google announces air-cooled technology for the first data center building", "source": "s1", "quote": "On July 22, Google announced it would be using air-cooled technology on the first data center building on the campus." }, { "date": "2026-08", "event": "County issues grading plans and land disturbance permit", "source": "s1", "quote": "The first construction permit applications for grading were received by Botetourt County in February 2026 and the grading plans and land disturbance permit issued by the County in August 2026." }, { "date": "2026-09-04", "event": "Appalachian Power files application with the State Corporation Commission for grid upgrades to serve the campus", "source": "s9", "quote": "Among various technical details in Appalachian's Sept. 4 application" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents have raised concerns about cost, tax revenue allocation and environmental impacts, including potential water use of millions of gallons per day (s9)", "By contracted water use, the site would be Google's eighth-largest data center complex worldwide (s7)", "Appalachian Power estimates $264 million in transmission and substation upgrades, which the county says will be paid for by Google (s2, s9)", "Contractors said grading would start after Labor Day 2026; federal and state environmental permits remained under review by other agencies (s8)", "The Board of Supervisors and Economic Development Authority agreed to a 20-year performance agreement covering taxation of server equipment (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Google Data Center", "publisher": "Botetourt County, VA", "url": "https://www.botetourtva.gov/1021/Google-Data-Center", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Google Data Center • Electricity", "publisher": "Botetourt County, VA", "url": "https://www.botetourtva.gov/1024/Google-Data-Center-Electricity", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Google Advances Botetourt County Data Center Campus Project", "publisher": "Botetourt County, VA", "url": "https://www.botetourtva.gov/m/newsflash/home/detail/1084", "date": "2026-03-25", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Google purchases land for potential data center in Botetourt County", "publisher": "WDBJ7", "url": "https://www.wdbj7.com/2025/06/24/google-purchases-land-potential-data-center-botetourt-county/", "date": "2025-06-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Google to use air-cooling at future Botetourt County data center", "publisher": "WDBJ7", "url": "https://www.wdbj7.com/2026/07/23/google-use-air-cooling-future-botetourt-county-data-center/", "date": "2026-07-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Google says it will break ground on Botetourt data center campus in coming months", "publisher": "Cardinal News", "url": "https://cardinalnews.org/2026/03/27/google-says-it-will-break-ground-on-botetourt-data-center-campus-in-coming-months/", "date": "2026-03-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "By water use, Google's Botetourt site would be its 8th largest data center complex in the world", "publisher": "Cardinal News", "url": "https://cardinalnews.org/2026/07/09/by-water-use-googles-botetourt-site-would-be-its-8th-largest-data-center-complex-in-the-world/", "date": "2026-07-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Roanoke Valley Field Notes: Google gets permit to begin grading for Botetourt County data center", "publisher": "Cardinal News", "url": "https://cardinalnews.org/2026/09/03/roanoke-valley-field-notes-google-gets-permit-to-begin-grading-for-botetourt-county-data-center/", "date": "2026-09-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "New details emerge about Botetourt grid upgrades for Google data center", "publisher": "Cardinal News", "url": "https://cardinalnews.org/2026/09/16/new-details-emerge-about-botetourt-grid-upgrades-for-google-data-center/", "date": "2026-09-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Google Data Center in Botetourt Center at Greenfield", "publisher": "Western Virginia Water Authority", "url": "https://www.westernvawater.org/customers/capital-projects/draft-proposed-data-center-in-botetourt-center-at-greenfield", "date": "2025-09-10", "type": "utility" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "terawulf-lake-hawkeye-lansing-ny", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/terawulf-lake-hawkeye-lansing-ny", "name": "Lake Hawkeye", "aka": [ "TeraWulf Cayuga", "Cayuga Power Plant data center" ], "city": "Lansing", "county": "Tompkins County", "state": "NY", "lat": 42.5972, "lng": -76.5722, "coordPrecision": "site", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Zoning board found the use permitted in December 2025; a contested DEC water withdrawal permit and the July 2026 state moratorium remain unresolved", "developer": "TeraWulf Inc.", "endUsers": [], "summary": "TeraWulf proposes an AI and high-performance computing campus on roughly 80 acres at the former Cayuga Power Plant at 228 Cayuga Drive in the Town of Lansing, on the east shore of Cayuga Lake. The company describes a first phase of three buildings at about 150 MW, rising to roughly 300 MW at full build-out, cooled by a sealed closed-loop system with water supplied by the Bolton Point municipal system. The project became one of the most contested in New York after TeraWulf sought a modified state permit to withdraw more than a million gallons a day from Cayuga Lake; the Tompkins County Legislature voted 14-1 in January 2026 to urge the Department of Environmental Conservation to reject that application.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 300, "unit": "MW", "note": "full build-out, company figure", "source": "s1", "quote": "~300 MW of total capacity at full buildout" }, { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 150, "unit": "MW", "note": "three buildings in Phase I, company figure", "source": "s1", "quote": "~150 MW" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 80, "note": "initial development area", "source": "s1", "quote": "~80 acres initial development" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Former Cayuga Power Plant, 228 Cayuga Drive, Town of Lansing", "source": "s2", "quote": "228 Cayuga Drive, Town of Lansing" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Sealed closed-loop system that recirculates the same fluid, per the developer", "source": "s1", "quote": "fully sealed, closed-loop cooling system that continuously recirculates the same fluid without drawing from or discharging to Cayuga Lake" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Bolton Point municipal system, with on-site storage, per the developer", "source": "s1", "quote": "Water for data center operations will be supplied by the Bolton Point system and supported by on-site storage" }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "Modified DEC water withdrawal permit sought for more than one million gallons a day from Cayuga Lake; opposed by the county legislature", "source": "s2", "quote": "over one million gallons of water daily from Cayuga Lake" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Central New York grid, which the developer describes as predominantly zero-carbon with surplus available", "source": "s1", "quote": "substantial surplus power available" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-08", "event": "TeraWulf secures a long-term lease at the former Cayuga Power Plant site", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-11", "event": "Tensions over the proposal grow in Tompkins County as opponents threaten litigation", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-12-22", "event": "Town of Lansing Zoning Board of Appeals determines that a data center fits the permitted land use at the site", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-01-20", "event": "Tompkins County Legislature votes 14-1, with one recusal, to urge the DEC to reject the water withdrawal permit application and require a new application with environmental review", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-01-28", "event": "Residents organize against the proposal at public meetings in Tompkins County", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-07-14", "event": "Gov. Kathy Hochul signs Executive Order No. 62, pausing state DEC permits for data centers of 50 MW or more", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-08-04", "event": "Statewide reporting describes the project as facing legal challenges, with the town planning board requesting additional work", "source": "s6" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "TeraWulf's modified permit application would withdraw more than one million gallons a day from Cayuga Lake, which the Tompkins County Legislature asked the state to reject (s2)", "Residents raised water quality, utility rate, human health and wildlife concerns during county public comment (s2)", "One legislator recused himself because he is employed by TeraWulf; the resolution passed 14-1 (s2)", "The developer says operational cooling is closed-loop and does not draw from or discharge to the lake (s1)", "The July 2026 state executive order pauses DEC permits for data centers of 50 MW or more (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Project Overview", "publisher": "Lake Hawkeye Data (TeraWulf)", "url": "https://www.lakehawkeyedata.com/project-overview", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Tompkins County Legislature urges state to deny water permit for Lansing data center", "publisher": "Ithaca Times", "url": "https://www.ithaca.com/news/regional_news/tompkins-county-legislature-urges-state-to-deny-water-permit-for-lansing-data-center/article_1d89f22d-fcd0-43b3-97e2-173e08a483ea.html", "date": "2026-01-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Tensions over TeraWulf data center in Tompkins County grow with threatened lawsuit", "publisher": "The Cornell Daily Sun", "url": "https://www.cornellsun.com/article/2025/11/tensions-over-terawulf-data-center-in-tompkins-county-grow-with-threatened-lawsuit", "date": "2025-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Tompkins County residents oppose AI data center on Cayuga Lake", "publisher": "WBNG", "url": "https://www.wbng.com/2026/01/28/tompkins-county-residents-oppose-ai-data-center-cayuga-lake/", "date": "2026-01-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Executive Order No. 62: Establishing a Temporary Moratorium on Data Centers in New York", "publisher": "Office of the Governor of New York", "url": "https://www.governor.ny.gov/executive-order/no-62-establishing-temporary-moratorium-data-centers-new-york-while-state-develops", "date": "2026-07-14", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Proposed data centers dividing New Yorkers", "publisher": "Spectrum News / NY State of Politics", "url": "https://nystateofpolitics.com/state-of-politics/new-york/environment/2026/07/07/proposed-data-centers-divide-new-yorkers", "date": "2026-08-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Our Sites", "publisher": "TeraWulf", "url": "https://www.terawulf.com/our-sites", "type": "company" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "nebius-vineland-nj", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/nebius-vineland-nj", "name": "Nebius Vineland Data Center", "aka": [ "DataOne Vineland" ], "city": "Vineland", "county": "Cumberland County", "state": "NJ", "lat": 39.4864, "lng": -75.026, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "City issued stop-construction orders on LNG tank and fuel cell work, Aug 2026", "developer": "DataOne", "endUsers": [ "Microsoft" ], "summary": "An AI data center in Vineland, New Jersey, built by DataOne for Nebius, which says it will deliver dedicated capacity from the site to Microsoft. It is reported as a 300 MW project drawing most of its power from on-site natural gas generation, including Bloom Energy fuel cells. The project has drawn resident protests over noise, emissions and water, and in August 2026 the city issued stop-construction orders over unpermitted LNG tank and fuel cell work.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 300, "unit": "MW", "note": "WHYY has also reported 350 MW", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 200, "note": "about 200, per Nebius", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1000, "note": "about 1,000, per Nebius", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "About 85% on-site natural gas generation (including Bloom Energy fuel cells; proposed 1.5-million-gallon LNG tank), remainder from Vineland Municipal Utilities and Atlantic City Electric", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Nebius says 1 million-gallon initial fill and about 7 Olympic pools a year; press reports about 20 million gallons a year", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Five-year PILOT agreement approved January 2026", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Operational by 2027, per Nebius", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "NJDEP: no permits issued and no pending permit applications for power generators at the DataOne facility (August 2026)", "source": "s8", "quote": "A New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection spokesperson confirmed that the agency \"has issued no permits, nor are any permit applications under review for power generators at the DataOne facility in Vineland.\"" }, { "field": "onsite_generation", "value": "62 on-site generators, at least 45 observed operating in August 2026", "source": "s8", "quote": "Thermal drone footage we captured last week showed the partly completed DataOne facility in Vineland was operating at least 45 of the site's 62 generators at the time." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "Earlier application: 32 natural gas engines (five for backup) and six diesel emergency generators; second phase now proposes Bloom Energy fuel cells", "source": "s9", "quote": "DataOne's application previously proposed the use of 32 high-efficiency natural gas engines, of which five would be utilized for back-up generation, as well as six diesel generators for emergency power." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-06", "event": "First phase approved; construction begins", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2025-03-05", "event": "Nebius announces up-to-300 MW New Jersey data center", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-09-08", "event": "Nebius announces multi-billion-dollar agreement to deliver Vineland capacity to Microsoft", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-01", "event": "Five-year PILOT agreement approved", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-04", "event": "More than 100 residents rally against the project at Giampietro Memorial Park", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-08-12", "event": "City issues two stop-construction orders over LNG tank and Bloom Energy fuel cell work done without permits", "source": "s7" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Brown, Montgomery and Gentile v. DataOne", "court": "New Jersey Superior Court, Cumberland County", "filed": "2026-06", "status": "pending", "summary": "Nearby residents seek class certification and compensation for diminished property values over continuous humming noise; DataOne has moved to dismiss, with a motion hearing set for Sept. 25, 2026.", "source": "s10", "quote": "N.J. Superior Court Judge James Swift, sitting in Cumberland County, has scheduled a motion hearing for September 25 to dismiss a noise lawsuit filed by nearby residents against DataOne, under construction on South Lincoln Avenue in Vineland." } ], "issues": [ "Residents complain of persistent construction and nighttime noise; a class-action lawsuit over noise has been filed (s6, s7)", "Residents raise air quality and emissions concerns; WHYY reports estimated emissions above 2 billion pounds of CO2 a year (s5, s7)", "Residents question water use during drought and in a wellhead protection area (s5, s6)", "Opponents say DataOne began work without municipal approval (s7)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "DataOne to build Nebius' data center in New Jersey", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/dataone-to-build-nebius-data-center-in-new-jersey/", "date": "2025-03-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Nebius accelerates US expansion, adding up to 300 MW capacity at new data center in New Jersey", "publisher": "Nebius", "url": "https://nebius.com/newsroom/nebius-accelerates-us-expansion-adding-up-to-300-mw-capacity-at-new-data-center-in-new-jersey", "date": "2025-03-05", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Nebius x Vineland, New Jersey", "publisher": "Nebius", "url": "https://nebius.com/vinelandnj", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Nebius announces multi-billion dollar agreement with Microsoft for AI infrastructure", "publisher": "Nebius", "url": "https://nebius.com/newsroom/nebius-announces-multi-billion-dollar-agreement-with-microsoft-for-ai-infrastructure", "date": "2025-09-08", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Vineland residents are protesting AI data center as concerns mount over noise and emissions", "publisher": "WHYY", "url": "https://whyy.org/articles/data-center-artificial-intelligence-vineland-new-jersey/", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Vineland Residents Protest $17B Microsoft-Linked AI Data Center Project", "publisher": "SNJ Today", "url": "https://snjtoday.com/vineland-residents-protest-ai-data-center/", "date": "2026-03-31", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "City of Vineland, N.J. issues stop-work order to parts of data center", "publisher": "WHYY", "url": "https://whyy.org/articles/vineland-data-center-stop-work-orders/", "date": "2026-08-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "One of the East Coast's largest data centers has been accused of 'violating federal law'", "publisher": "Latitude Media (Floodlight)", "url": "https://www.latitudemedia.com/news/one-of-the-east-coasts-largest-data-centers-has-been-accused-of-violating-federal-law/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-08-28" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Vineland data center proposes plan to use fuel cells", "publisher": "WHYY", "url": "https://whyy.org/articles/vineland-data-center-hearing-power-generation/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-08-06" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Data Center Noise Complaint Goes to Judge", "publisher": "South Jersey Media (SNJ Today)", "url": "https://southjersey.media/snj-today/snj-lifestyle/data-center-noise-complaint-goes-to-judge/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-09-14" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "new-hill-digital-campus-apex-nc", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/new-hill-digital-campus-apex-nc", "name": "New Hill Digital Campus", "aka": [], "city": "Apex", "county": "Wake County", "state": "NC", "lat": 35.7197, "lng": -78.8439, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "cancelled", "statusNote": "Developer withdrew annexation and rezoning applications in March 2026; Apex adopted a 12-month data center moratorium in April 2026", "developer": "Natelli Investments", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Natelli Investments proposed the New Hill Digital Campus, a data center on 189 acres near Duke Energy's Shearon Harris Nuclear Plant, and filed annexation, rezoning and land use amendment requests with the Town of Apex. In March 2026 the developer withdrew its annexation and rezoning applications, citing the town's ongoing deliberations over zoning changes, and said the project could be revisited if Apex approves zoning changes allowing data centers. The Apex Town Council then unanimously passed a 12-month moratorium on data centers.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 189, "source": "s1", "quote": "Natelli Investments LLC has filed a request to annex and rezone 189 acres in the Town of Apex for a new data storage facility." }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 300, "unit": "MW", "source": "s2", "quote": "The developer of New Hill Digital Campus is withdrawing its annexation and rezoning applications for the property that was set to house the proposed 300 MW data center." }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 250, "unit": "MW", "note": "differing figure reported by WRAL", "source": "s3", "quote": "The proposed 250-megawatt facility was going to be called the 'New Hill Digital Campus.'" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 6, "note": "70-foot buildings", "source": "s3", "quote": "The project would have included six 70-foot buildings and about 80 3-megawatt generators on 189 acres of Shearon Harris Road, not far from Duke Energy's Harris Nuclear Plant." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "about 80 3-megawatt generators", "source": "s3", "quote": "The project would have included six 70-foot buildings and about 80 3-megawatt generators on 189 acres of Shearon Harris Road, not far from Duke Energy's Harris Nuclear Plant." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "recirculating nonpotable water (developer-stated)", "source": "s1", "quote": "Water used to cool the facility will come from recirculating nonpotable water" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Duke Energy", "note": "Duke Energy transmission grid, per developer release", "source": "s1", "quote": "Duke Energy's transmission grid will serve the facility, according to the release, and it won't create a strain on the town's allocated power supply." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025", "event": "Natelli Investments files land use amendment, rezoning and annexation requests with the Town of Apex", "source": "s1", "quote": "Natelli Investments LLC, the developer behind a proposed data storage facility in western Wake County, filed a land use amendment and rezoning and annexation requests with the Town of Apex Tuesday, according to a press release from the developer." }, { "date": "2026-03-05", "event": "Developer withdraws annexation and rezoning applications", "source": "s2", "quote": "The developer of New Hill Digital Campus is withdrawing its annexation and rezoning applications for the property that was set to house the proposed 300 MW data center." }, { "date": "2026-04", "event": "Apex Town Council unanimously passes a 12-month moratorium on data centers", "source": "s5", "quote": "Apex will be off-limits to data centers for the next year after the Town Council unanimously passed a 12-month moratorium at its Tuesday meeting." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The Protect Wake County Coalition raised concerns including noise, air pollution and energy and water use (s2)", "An online petition against the proposal gathered nearly 2,000 signatures (s1)", "Natelli said the project could be revisited if Apex approves zoning changes allowing data centers (s2, s5)", "After the withdrawal, Apex Mayor Pro Tem Terry Mahaffey said he would propose a one-year moratorium on data center applications, permits and construction (s3, s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Developer Files Plans for \"Digital Campus\" in Western Wake", "publisher": "INDY Week", "url": "https://indyweek.com/news/wake/developer-files-plans-for-digital-campus-in-western-wake/", "date": "2025-09-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Proposed data center in Wake County is withdrawing its application", "publisher": "WUNC", "url": "https://www.wunc.org/environment/2026-03-05/proposed-data-center-new-hill-digital-campus-wake-county-apex", "date": "2026-03-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Residents near proposed Apex data center relieved project is scrapped, says more work needed", "publisher": "WRAL", "url": "https://www.wral.com/news/local/natelli-withdraws-apex-data-center-project-shearon-harris-march-2026/", "date": "2026-03-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Controversial New Hill Data Center Project Withdrawn, Ending Months of Debate in Apex (NC)", "publisher": "Holly Springs Update", "url": "https://www.hollyspringsupdate.com/p/controversial-new-hill-data-center", "date": "2026-03-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Apex Approves One-Year Moratorium on Data Centers", "publisher": "INDY Week", "url": "https://indyweek.com/news/apex-approves-one-year-moratorium-on-data-centers/", "date": "2026-04-15", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "skybox-powercampus-dallas-lancaster-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/skybox-powercampus-dallas-lancaster-tx", "name": "PowerCampus Dallas", "aka": [ "Skybox Lancaster data center campus" ], "city": "Lancaster", "county": "Dallas County", "state": "TX", "lat": 32.592, "lng": -96.756, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Construction on the first building began in June 2024; a January 2025 state filing listed completion for May 2026; completion and tenant not confirmed", "developer": "Skybox Datacenters with Bandera Ventures", "endUsers": [], "summary": "PowerCampus Dallas is Skybox Datacenters' planned campus of up to 300 MW on roughly 100 acres near Interstate 35E in Lancaster, in southern Dallas County. Skybox is developing it with Bandera Ventures, with Principal Asset Management as capital partner. Work on the first building, about 270,900 sq ft, began in June 2024; the sources reviewed do not say whether it has been completed or leased.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 300, "unit": "MW", "note": "campus total served by a private on-site substation; Skybox's site also shows 200 MW of critical load", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 110, "unit": "acres", "note": "Data Center Frontier says 110; Dallas Innovates says roughly 100", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 1000000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "planned full build-out of data center space", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Oncor (private 300 MW substation)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First building (about 270,900 sq ft): delivery anticipated in early 2026 per state planning documents; a January 2025 Texas TDLR filing lists completion on 2026-05-01", "source": "s4" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-11-20", "event": "Skybox and Bandera Ventures announce PowerCampus Dallas in Lancaster", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2024-06", "event": "Construction begins on the first building, estimated at about $85 million in state planning documents", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-01-27", "event": "Texas accessibility filing registered for interior improvements to the 270,900 sq ft Building 1 shell, estimated at $214.3 million", "source": "s4" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Reported cost of the first building differs between the 2024 planning documents (about $85 million) and the 2025 state filing for interior work ($214.3 million), which cover different scopes" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Skybox Plans 300-Megawatt PowerCampus Dallas in Lancaster, Texas", "publisher": "Data Center Frontier", "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/site-selection/article/33015268/skybox-plans-300-megawatt-campus-south-of-dallas", "date": "2023-11-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Skybox Datacenters Begins Work on Massive Data Center in Southern Dallas County", "publisher": "Dallas Innovates", "url": "https://dallasinnovates.com/skybox-datacenters-begins-work-on-massive-data-center-in-southern-dallas-county/", "date": "2023-11-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Skybox launches construction on massive Lancaster data center campus", "publisher": "Corgan", "url": "https://www.corgan.com/news-insights/2024/skybox-launches-construction-on-massive-lancaster-data-center-campus", "date": "2024-06-10", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Skybox - Lancaster 1 Initial Improvements (TABS2025010445)", "publisher": "Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation", "url": "https://www.tdlr.texas.gov/TABS/Search/Print/TABS2025010445", "date": "2025-01-27", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Skybox Datacenters: Dallas locations", "publisher": "Skybox Datacenters", "url": "https://skyboxdatacenters.com/locations/dallas", "date": "2026-10-13", "type": "company" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-10-13" }, { "slug": "novva-project-borealis-mesa-az", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/novva-project-borealis-mesa-az", "name": "Project Borealis", "aka": [ "Novva Mesa campus" ], "city": "Mesa", "county": "Maricopa County", "state": "AZ", "lat": 33.307, "lng": -111.634, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Mesa Planning and Zoning Board approved the plan in late January 2025; no City Council vote required; construction start not confirmed from a primary source", "developer": "Novva Data Centers", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Project Borealis is the code name Mesa city documents use for Novva Data Centers' planned campus on about 160 acres at Ellsworth and Warner roads in southeast Mesa. Novva says it will total 300 MW and cost more than $3 billion over two phases. Mesa's Design Review Board gave feedback in August 2024 and the Planning and Zoning Board approved the plan in late January 2025; Novva has said the first phase would launch in late 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 300, "unit": "MW", "note": "campus total per Novva (company claim)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 96, "unit": "MW", "note": "critical IT load of the first phase, per Novva", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 160, "unit": "acres", "note": "Novva and AZ Big Media say 160; other reports give 159, 160.5 and 165 (the 2023 auction bid covered 165 acres)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 3000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "'more than $3 billion' over two phases across the next decade, per Novva", "source": "s1", "quote": "will invest more than US$3 billion to build the campus in two phases over the next decade" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 5, "unit": "data halls", "note": "AZBEX, reporting on the Design Review Board filing, lists five data center halls of 228,585 sq ft each; an earlier pre-submittal had a sixth", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First phase to launch in late 2026 (Novva statement, August 2024)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Mesa Planning and Zoning Board approved the project in late January 2025; city staff said on Feb. 3, 2025 that it does not need City Council review", "source": "s4", "quote": "approved by Mesa's Planning and Zoning Board in late January" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-08", "event": "Novva wins a state land auction for about 165 acres in southeast Mesa with a $62.7 million bid", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2024-08-13", "event": "Mesa Design Review Board hears the plan under the name Project Borealis and takes no action, giving the applicant feedback", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2024-08-21", "event": "Novva announces a 300 MW campus in Mesa", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-01", "event": "Mesa Planning and Zoning Board approves the project", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-02-03", "event": "City staff confirm the project, a permitted use in the Light Industrial district, does not have to go to the City Council", "source": "s4" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The sources reviewed do not report objections or opposition to the project" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Novva Data Centers Announces New Campus in Mesa", "publisher": "Novva Data Centers", "url": "https://www.novva.com/media-center/novva-data-centers-announces-new-campus-in-mesa/", "date": "2024-08-21", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Utah data center firm gears up for first Arizona project", "publisher": "ABC15 / Phoenix Business Journal", "url": "https://abc15.com/news/business/utah-data-center-firm-gears-up-for-first-arizona-project", "date": "2024-08-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Mesa DRB Reviews Project Borealis Data Center Plan", "publisher": "AZBEX", "url": "https://azbex.com/planning-development/mesa-drb-reviews-project-borealis-data-center-plan/", "date": "2024-08-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "$3 billion Mesa data center campus gets green light", "publisher": "ABC15 / Phoenix Business Journal", "url": "https://www.abc15.com/news/business/3-billion-mesa-data-center-campus-gets-green-light", "date": "2025-02-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Mesa to See Construction of Multi-Billion Dollar Data Center Facilities and Campus", "publisher": "Construction Reporter", "url": "https://constructionreporter.com/mesa-to-see-construction-of-multi-billion-dollar-data-center-facilities-and-campus", "date": "2025-02-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Novva Data Centers will build $3 billion campus in Mesa", "publisher": "AZ Big Media", "url": "https://azbigmedia.com/business/novva-data-centers-will-build-3-billion-campus-in-mesa/", "date": "2024-09-04", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-10-13" }, { "slug": "ranalli-lysander-ny", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/ranalli-lysander-ny", "name": "Ranalli Lysander Data Center", "aka": [ "Hencle Boulevard data center site" ], "city": "Lysander", "county": "Onondaga County", "state": "NY", "lat": 43.181, "lng": -76.29, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "rumored", "statusNote": "Marketed as a 300 MW data center site; the Town of Lysander adopted a six-month moratorium in May 2026, and as of late August 2026 the supervisor said no application was pending", "developer": "Ranalli Super DC, LLC", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Ranalli Super DC, LLC has marketed a 124-acre vacant industrial-zoned property near Hencle Boulevard and Oswego Road in the Town of Lysander as a 300-megawatt data center site; the Baldwinsville Messenger reported a $60 million asking price in the listing. No end user has been named. A citizens' petition against it passed 1,600 signatures, and after an April 16, 2026 town board work session the board voted 4-0 to have the town attorney draft a moratorium. Lysander adopted a six-month moratorium on May 7, 2026, at a meeting more than 350 residents attended.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 300, "unit": "MW", "note": "as marketed in the property listing", "source": "s1", "quote": "300 MW Data Center Site" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 124, "note": "vacant, industrial-zoned property", "source": "s1", "quote": "124-acre vacant, industrial-zoned property" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Near the intersection of Hencle Boulevard and Oswego Road, Town of Lysander", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Industrial; town adopted a six-month moratorium on new data center applications on May 7, 2026", "source": "s2" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-04-16", "event": "Lysander Town Board work session and regular meeting; the board votes 4-0 to start drafting a data center moratorium after a petition passes 1,600 signatures", "source": "s1", "quote": "more than 1,600 signatures" }, { "date": "2026-05-07", "event": "Lysander Town Board adopts a six-month moratorium at a meeting more than 350 residents attend to oppose the project", "source": "s2", "quote": "more than 350 residents attended" }, { "date": "2026-07-14", "event": "Gov. Kathy Hochul signs Executive Order No. 62, pausing state DEC permits for data centers of 50 MW or more", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-08-29", "event": "Town Supervisor Kevin Rode says no applications are before the town and no state DEC permit has been requested for the parcel", "source": "s4" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The site is marketed as a 300 MW data center site, but no developer has filed an application and no end user has been named (s1)", "The group Citizens Against Lysander Data Center cited the project's scale, its proximity to the Three Rivers Wildlife Management Area, water consumption, noise and pollution (s1)", "Town Supervisor Kevin Rode said the board shares community concerns about a data center (s1)", "Lysander's six-month moratorium was one of several adopted by central New York towns in 2026 (s2)", "Town advisory committee meetings on data centers continued through Oct. 30, 2026; no extension of the moratorium appeared in the opened sources (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Possible massive data center in Lysander faces community opposition, town attorney to draft moratorium", "publisher": "Baldwinsville Messenger / Eagle News Online", "url": "https://www.eaglenewsonline.com/baldwinsville_messenger/possible-massive-data-center-in-lysander-faces-community-opposition-town-attorney-to-draft-moratorium/article_635b1885-9f97-4747-bdf4-604d468fc641.html", "date": "2026-04-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Updates on the Cloud: More Moratoriums on Data Centers", "publisher": "Rockefeller Institute of Government", "url": "https://www.rockinst.org/blog/updates-on-the-cloud-more-moratoriums-on-data-centers/", "date": "2026-06-10", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Executive Order No. 62: Establishing a Temporary Moratorium on Data Centers in New York", "publisher": "Office of the Governor of New York", "url": "https://www.governor.ny.gov/executive-order/no-62-establishing-temporary-moratorium-data-centers-new-york-while-state-develops", "date": "2026-07-14", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "State moratorium does not halt local review of proposed Lysander data center", "publisher": "CNYCentral", "url": "https://cnycentral.com/news/local/state-moratorium-does-not-halt-local-review-of-proposed-lysander-data-center", "date": "2026-08-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Data Center Information (Data Center Advisory Committee postings)", "publisher": "Town of Lysander", "url": "https://lysanderny.gov/notices/data-center-information", "date": "2026-10-29", "type": "government" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-05" }, { "slug": "riverview-tonawanda-coke-tonawanda-ny", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/riverview-tonawanda-coke-tonawanda-ny", "name": "Riverview Innovation & Technology Campus", "aka": [], "city": "Tonawanda", "county": "Erie County", "state": "NY", "lat": 42.98337, "lng": -78.875671, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Town SEQRA and site plan review temporarily delayed at the developer's request pending NYISO and National Grid information; the town supervisor called it on hold, the developer says it is not", "developer": "Riverview Innovation & Technology Campus (site owners Jon Williams and John Yensan, with an unnamed data center developer)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Plans put before the Town of Tonawanda planning board call for a 300MW, 500,000 sq ft data center on the 140-acre former Tonawanda Coke plant at 3875 and 3800 River Road, with up to $2 billion in investment. In June 2026 Town Supervisor John Flynn said the project was on hold after the developer asked to pause its application because of a NYISO backlog; the developer said the project is not on hold but that it has temporarily delayed the town's SEQRA and site plan review while it awaits details from NYISO and National Grid.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 300, "unit": "MW", "source": "s1", "quote": "The 140-acre campus, at 3875 and 3800 River Road, formerly the Tonawanda Coke Corp. plant, could be home to a 300MW, 500,000 sq ft (46,450 sqm) data center development" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 500000, "source": "s1", "quote": "could be home to a 300MW, 500,000 sq ft (46,450 sqm) data center development" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 140, "note": "an elected official quoted by WKBW described the former Tonawanda Coke site as '160 acres of legacy pollution' (s4)", "source": "s1", "quote": "The 140-acre campus, at 3875 and 3800 River Road, formerly the Tonawanda Coke Corp. plant" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "3875 and 3800 River Road", "source": "s1", "quote": "The 140-acre campus, at 3875 and 3800 River Road, formerly the Tonawanda Coke Corp. plant" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 2000000000, "note": "\"up to\"; WKBW describes it as a $2B AI data center (s4)", "source": "s1", "quote": "Up to $2 billion could be invested in the project." }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "End of 2027", "note": "as reported in April 2026, before the town review was delayed", "source": "s1", "quote": "Construction on the data center could happen concurrently with the environmental cleanup — breaking ground late this year and finishing the project by the end of 2027." }, { "field": "grid_operator", "value": "NYISO", "source": "s3", "quote": "NYISO's review of the proposed data center's electrical usage is a key tool local governments use in development approvals" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "National Grid", "note": "developer says it awaits approvals from NYISO and National Grid", "source": "s2", "quote": "Riverview Innovation and Technology Campus officials in a statement say they will move forward once they get the necessary approvals from the New York Independent System Operator and National Grid." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2019", "event": "Jon Williams and John Yensan acquire the former Tonawanda Coke site at auction", "source": "s1", "quote": "Developers Jon Williams and John Yensan acquired the site in 2019 at auction for $1 with the only bid." }, { "date": "2026-04", "event": "Plans for a 300MW, 500,000 sq ft data center on the site are before the Town of Tonawanda planning board", "source": "s1", "quote": "could be home to a 300MW, 500,000 sq ft (46,450 sqm) data center development, according to plans put before the Town of Tonawanda planning board" }, { "date": "2026-06", "event": "Town Supervisor John Flynn says the project is on hold after the developer requested its application be paused because of a backlog at NYISO", "source": "s3", "quote": "That's according to Town of Tonawanda Supervisor John Flynn, who told BTPM NPR that the developer requested their application to be paused because of a 'backlog' with New York Independent System Operator." }, { "date": "2026-06", "event": "Riverview officials say in a statement that the project is not on hold", "source": "s2", "quote": "To be clear, the project is not on hold, and we still firmly believe that our proposed project represents the best avenue to return this historically contaminated site back to active and productive economic use for Tonawanda and Western New York." }, { "date": "2026-06", "event": "The developer says it has temporarily delayed SEQRA and site plan review with the Town of Tonawanda Planning Board while it awaits information from NYISO and National Grid", "source": "s4", "quote": "While we await further details and clarification from NYISO and National Grid, we have temporarily delayed the project's SEQRA and site plan review process with the Town of Tonawanda Planning Board." }, { "date": "2026-06-03", "event": "Residents pack a Town of Tonawanda planning board meeting to share concerns about the proposal", "source": "s4", "quote": "Town of Tonawanda residents packed a planning board meeting on Wednesday night to listen and share their concerns and frustrations about a proposed $2B AI data center on River Road." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The site is the former Tonawanda Coke plant; Jon Williams, one of the main developers, has led an estimated $100 million remediation of the site (s1, s3)", "The data center developer partnering with the site owners has not been named (s1)", "Residents raised concerns about noise from cooling systems, and one called for a three-year moratorium (s4)", "State lawmakers have proposed a moratorium on new data center permits (s3, s4)", "The project would include a planned $50 million electrical substation (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Former coke plant near Buffalo eyed for 300MW data center", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/former-coke-plant-near-buffalo-eyed-for-300mw-data-center/", "date": "2026-04-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Proposal for data center at former Tonawanda Coke site on hold, town supervisor says", "publisher": "Spectrum News 1 (Buffalo)", "url": "https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nys/buffalo/news/2026/06/01/public-hearing-set-on-proposed-data-center-at-former-tonawanda-coke-plant", "date": "2026-06-01", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Data center project at former Tonawanda Coke site 'on hold'", "publisher": "Buffalo Toronto Public Media (BTPM NPR)", "url": "https://www.btpm.org/local/2026-06-03/data-center-project-at-former-tonawanda-coke-site-on-hold", "date": "2026-06-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Town of Tonawanda residents share concerns, frustrations about proposed $2B AI data center on River Road", "publisher": "WKBW 7 News Buffalo", "url": "https://www.wkbw.com/news/local-news/northtowns/developer-proposed-2b-ai-data-center-on-river-road-not-on-hold-process-temporarily-delayed", "date": "2026-06-04", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-24" }, { "slug": "xai-colossus-memphis-tn", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/xai-colossus-memphis-tn", "name": "xAI Colossus", "aka": [ "Colossus 1", "SpaceXAI Colossus" ], "city": "Memphis", "county": "Shelby County", "state": "TN", "lat": 35.14611, "lng": -90.05194, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "operating", "statusNote": "Operating since 2024 (Musk says July 2024). Anthropic agreed in May 2026 to use all of Colossus 1's compute; appeal of 15-turbine permit dismissed as moot Dec. 2025", "developer": "xAI", "endUsers": [ "xAI", "Anthropic" ], "summary": "xAI's first Colossus AI supercomputer, at a former Electrolux plant on Paul R. Lowry Road in South Memphis, where Musk said in July 2024 that the first 100,000-GPU cluster was online. Anthropic announced on May 6, 2026 that it would use all of the site's compute. The site draws grid power via MLGW/TVA and on-site gas turbines; the Shelby County Health Department permitted 15 turbines in July 2025 after advocates documented up to 35 operating, and the NAACP and others appealed; the Memphis and Shelby County Air Pollution Control Board dismissed the appeals as moot in December 2025. A separate, larger Colossus 2 site in Memphis's Whitehaven area is tracked as its own record.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 300, "unit": "MW", "note": "Anthropic says its agreement adds more than 300 MW of capacity at Colossus 1 (company claim); FOX13 reports xAI saying the site has more than 220,000 NVIDIA GPUs", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "MLGW/TVA grid plus on-site gas turbines (15 permitted, 247.2 MW) and Tesla Megapacks", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Memphis Light, Gas and Water (MLGW) / TVA", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Memphis Community Benefit Ordinance data center property tax: 25% spent on communities within five miles of data centers; $3.28 million in FY2026 revenue proposed for the area near Colossus I", "source": "s8", "quote": "Twenty-five percent will be spent directly on the communities that lie within a five-mile radius of data centers." }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "TDEC Division of Water Resources operating permit issued to CTC Property LLC for the Colossus Water Recycling Plant, 3231 Paul R. Lowry Road (up to 13 million gallons per day of aquifer water preserved)", "note": "TDEC described CTC Property LLC as a separate legal entity from the xAI data center", "source": "s9", "quote": "A state operating permit has been issued for the Colossus Water Recycling Plant located on 3231 Paul R. Lowry Road. The permit was issued to CTC Property LLC by the Tennessee's Department of Environment and Conservation's Division of Water Resources(TDEC)." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-06-05", "event": "xAI announces 'world's largest supercomputer' in Memphis and begins installing gas turbines", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2024-07-22", "event": "Elon Musk says on X that the 100,000-H100 Colossus cluster is online in Memphis, built in 122 days (company claim as reported by Converge Digest on Sep 2, 2024; the Census found no primary record for the Sept 2024 start date seen elsewhere)", "source": "s11" }, { "date": "2025-03-07", "event": "xAI announces Colossus 2 expansion at Tulane Road site in Whitehaven", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-04-09", "event": "Aerial imaging shows 35 turbines operating, per SELC", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-07-02", "event": "Shelby County Health Department approves permit for 15 gas turbines through Jan. 1, 2027 (DCD reports July 1 meeting)", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-07-17", "event": "SELC, on behalf of NAACP Memphis and Young, Gifted & Green, appeals permit to Memphis and Shelby County Air Pollution Control Board", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-12-15", "event": "Memphis and Shelby County Air Pollution Control Board dismisses appeals of the turbine permit as moot", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-05-06", "event": "Anthropic announces an agreement with SpaceX to use all of the compute capacity at Colossus 1, which it says adds more than 300 MW and over 220,000 NVIDIA GPUs; FOX13 Memphis reports the same agreement", "source": "s1" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Advocates say xAI ran up to 35 unpermitted turbines producing over 420 MW near frontline South Memphis neighborhoods (s3, s4)", "SELC says the permit ignored hundreds of residents' objections and disputes Clean Air Act compliance (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Higher usage limits and a SpaceX compute deal", "publisher": "Anthropic", "url": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/higher-limits-spacex", "date": "2026-05-06", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "xAI granted permits for 15 gas turbines at Memphis data center", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/elon-musk-xai-gas-turbines-memphis/", "date": "2025-07-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "NAACP, others appeal xAI turbine permits for Memphis data center", "publisher": "Tennessee Lookout", "url": "https://tennesseelookout.com/briefs/naacp-others-appeal-xai-turbine-permits-for-memphis-data-center/", "date": "2025-07-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Inside Memphis' fight against xAI", "publisher": "Southern Environmental Law Center", "url": "https://www.selc.org/news/inside-memphis-fight-against-xai/", "date": "2026-05-08", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Memphis | SpaceXAI Memphis", "publisher": "SpaceXAI", "url": "https://x.ai/memphis", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "The data center backlash comes for SpaceXAI's Colossus", "publisher": "Scientific American", "url": "https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/spacexais-colossus-data-center-is-fueling-a-massive-backlash/", "date": "2026-09-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Shelby Co. Air Pollution Control Board denies appeal over xAI's turbine use, citing 'mootness'", "publisher": "Action News 5", "url": "https://www.actionnews5.com/2025/12/16/shelby-co-air-pollution-control-board-denies-appeal-over-xais-turbine-use-citing-mootness/", "date": "2025-12-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Memphis data center tax revenue to fund $3.28 million in community investments near xAI facilities", "publisher": "Tri-State Defender", "url": "https://tri-statedefender.com/memphis-data-center-tax-revenue-to-fund-3-28-million-in-community-investments-near-xai-facilities/07/24/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-07-24" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "State Issues Operating Permit for Colossus Water Plant", "publisher": "Memphis Flyer", "url": "https://www.memphisflyer.com/state-issues-operating-permit-for-colossus-water-plant/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-01-28" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "xAI announces agreement with Anthropic parent company for Claude to use data center in Memphis", "publisher": "FOX13 Memphis", "url": "https://www.fox13memphis.com/news/xai-announces-agreement-with-anthropic-parent-company-for-claude-to-use-data-center-in-memphis/article_ca4f81ce-d4ac-4548-b247-ac9d02674294.html", "date": "2026-05-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "xAI activates Project Colossus in Memphis with 100K H100 GPUs", "publisher": "Converge Digest", "url": "https://convergedigest.com/xai-activates-project-colossus-in-memphis-with-100k-h100-gpus/", "date": "2024-09-02", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-05" }, { "slug": "project-blue-pima-county-az", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-blue-pima-county-az", "name": "Project Blue", "aka": [], "city": "Tucson", "county": "Pima County", "state": "AZ", "lat": 32.22167, "lng": -110.92639, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Construction began April 2026 on unincorporated county land after Tucson ended annexation talks; end user undisclosed", "developer": "Beale Infrastructure", "endUsers": [], "summary": "A $3.6 billion data center campus by Beale Infrastructure on a 290-acre former Pima County parcel west of Houghton Road near the Pima County Fairgrounds outside Tucson, with four initial buildings and up to ten possible. After the Tucson City Council ended annexation talks in August 2025, Beale redesigned to closed-loop air cooling, secured a 286 MW TEP power agreement approved by the Arizona Corporation Commission, and began construction in April 2026. A judge dismissed an open-meeting-law challenge in April 2026; the end user is confidential.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 290, "unit": "acres", "note": "Sold by Pima County for $20,875,000", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 4, "note": "Initial phase; up to 10 buildings possible", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 3600000000, "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 180, "note": "By 2029", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 3000, "note": "3,000+ over 2026-2028", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 286, "unit": "MW", "note": "Utility supply under TEP agreement by 2028", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 20000, "unit": "gal/day", "note": "Estimated 15,000-20,000 gallons daily; groundwater rights total 96.5 acre-feet/year", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Groundwater wells approved by ADWR", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop air-cooled", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Tucson Electric Power (TEP)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First building operational as soon as 2027", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "ADWR approved two commercial groundwater wells for Bobcat Tucson Water LLC, each with 600 gpm pumping capacity, using three existing groundwater rights totaling 96.50 acre-feet per year", "source": "s5", "quote": "each well will have the pumping capacity of 600 gallons per minute" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-06-17", "event": "Pima County Board of Supervisors approves sale of 290 acres to Beale", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-08-06", "event": "Tucson City Council votes to end annexation negotiations, cutting off Tucson Water", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-08-25", "event": "Beale and TEP file special power agreement with Arizona Corporation Commission", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "event": "Arizona Corporation Commission approves TEP agreement 4-1", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-01", "event": "Beale-affiliated Bobcat Tucson Water LLC applies to ADWR for two commercial groundwater wells", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-01-14", "event": "No Desert Data Center Coalition sues Pima County in Superior Court alleging Open Meeting Law violations in the rezoning", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-02-19", "event": "Arizona Attorney General files appeal in Maricopa County Superior Court challenging the ACC's approval of the TEP–Beale agreement", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-04-13", "event": "Superior Court Judge Brenden Griffin dismisses No Desert Data Center Coalition's open-meeting lawsuit; plaintiffs planned appeal", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-04-24", "event": "Construction underway as dozens protest at the site", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-05-28", "event": "Arizona water officials' approval of the two wells is reported", "source": "s5" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Arizona Attorney General appeal of Arizona Corporation Commission approval of TEP–Beale energy supply agreement", "court": "Maricopa County Superior Court", "filed": "2026-02-19", "status": "pending", "summary": "Attorney General Kris Mayes asks the court to vacate the Commission's approval of the TEP–Beale Infrastructure agreement for Project Blue and remand with instructions to remove a provision letting the parties set rates privately.", "source": "s7", "quote": "Attorney General Mayes today filed an appeal in Maricopa County Superior Court challenging the Arizona Corporation Commission's approval of a special energy agreement between Tucson Electric Power (TEP) and and Beale Infrastructure for the Project Blue data center." } ], "issues": [ "Opponents argue TEP's fossil-heavy generation undermines the developer's water and renewable claims (s6)", "Coalition alleged the county's rezoning agenda failed to disclose the data center purpose; judge disagreed (s2)", "Amazon reportedly dropped out as customer per Arizona Daily Star sources; Beale says a customer will be ready by 2027 (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Project Blue FAQ | Pima County, AZ", "publisher": "Pima County", "url": "https://www.pima.gov/3552/Project-Blue-FAQ", "date": "2026-04-23", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Pima County judge tosses lawsuit over Project Blue data center rezoning", "publisher": "AZPM", "url": "https://news.azpm.org/p/azpmnews/2026/4/13/229275-pima-county-judge-tosses-lawsuit-over-project-blue-data-center-rezoning/", "date": "2026-04-13", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Project Blue is back: Beale moving ahead with data center on county land", "publisher": "AZ Luminaria", "url": "https://azluminaria.org/2025/08/27/project-blue-data-center-pima-county-beale-infrastructure-tep/", "date": "2025-08-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Arizona Corporation Commission gives green light to Project Blue power agreement", "publisher": "AZ Luminaria", "url": "https://azluminaria.org/2025/12/03/arizona-corporation-commission-gives-green-light-to-project-blue-power-agreement/", "date": "2025-12-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Arizona water officials approve wells tied to Project Blue data center", "publisher": "AZPM", "url": "https://www.azpm.org/s/103423-arizona-water-officials-approve-wells-tied-to-project-blue-data-center/", "date": "2026-05-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "\"We said no!!\": Dozens protest as construction of Project Blue data center begins", "publisher": "AZ Luminaria", "url": "https://azluminaria.org/2026/04/24/we-said-no-dozens-protest-as-construction-of-project-blue-data-center-begins/", "date": "2026-04-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Attorney General Mayes Appeals Arizona Corporation Commission's Approval of Tucson Electric Power Data Center Deal for Project Blue", "publisher": "Arizona Attorney General's Office", "url": "https://www.azag.gov/press-release/attorney-general-mayes-appeals-arizona-corporation-commissions-approval-tucson", "type": "government", "date": "2026-02-19" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Activists file to sue Pima County over Project Blue approval process", "publisher": "AZPM", "url": "https://news.azpm.org/p/newsheadlines/2026/1/14/227982-activists-file-to-sue-pima-county-over-project-blue-approval-process/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-01-14" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "golden-valley-technology-hub-kern-county-ca", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/golden-valley-technology-hub-kern-county-ca", "name": "Golden Valley Technology Hub", "aka": [ "CRC Elk Hills data center", "Taft data center" ], "city": "Taft", "county": "Kern County", "state": "CA", "lat": 35.28, "lng": -119.47, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Taft Midway Driller reports CRC filed permit applications with Kern County in June 2026; conditional use permit and environmental review pending. No annexation found", "developer": "California Resources Corp. (CRC)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "California Resources Corp. (CRC) and Beacon Data Centers propose the Golden Valley Technology Hub on CRC’s Elk Hills oil field property outside Taft in Kern County. It would run on power from CRC’s existing Elk Hills gas-fired power plant, with the grid as limited backup, and use closed-loop cooling. The project needs a county conditional use permit and environmental review; reported sizes differ widely between outlets (275 MW or 25 MW; 90 or 100 acres). The Bakersfield Californian placed the site near Valley Acres, while 23ABC and the Driller place it in the Taft area.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 275, "unit": "MW", "note": "275 MW of surplus plant power per The Bakersfield Californian (s1); Taft Midway Driller reports 25 MW (s3); company site gives no figure (s4)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 90, "unit": "acres", "note": "90-acre parcel per Taft Midway Driller (s3); 23ABC reports about 100 acres (s2); Bakersfield Californian gives no acreage", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 400000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "about 400,000 sq ft including substation, offices and parking per 23ABC (s2); Taft Midway Driller reports 40,000 sq ft for the data center (s3)", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Surplus power from CRC's natural gas-fired Elk Hills Power Plant; grid as limited backup", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop, non-evaporative", "note": "closed-loop, non-evaporative; initial fill about 600,000 gallons and top-offs about 6,000 gallons a year per CRC (s1)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1500, "note": "at peak", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 250, "note": "up to", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "15 diesel generators of 2.5 MW each, plus batteries", "note": "as proposed (s1); the article's text was garbled in the page source", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "nearest_residence", "value": "About a mile and a half from the nearest home (s1); 1.4 miles from the nearest residential neighborhood (s3)", "source": "s1", "quote": "a mile and a half from the nearest home" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-06", "event": "CRC files permit applications with Kern County (reported in August; the June 15 Bakersfield Californian report said CRC was planning to apply)", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-06-24", "event": "Project publicly reported as Golden Valley Technology Hub", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-08", "event": "CRC holds informational meetings in Taft", "source": "s3" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Nearest residence is about 1.4–1.5 miles away (s1, s3)", "Water availability in the region has been raised as a concern for Kern data center proposals (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "CRC proposes W. Kern data center with dedicated power, closed-loop cooling", "publisher": "The Bakersfield Californian", "url": "https://www.bakersfield.com/news/crc-proposes-w-kern-data-center-with-dedicated-power-closed-loop-cooling/article_5f2d14f7-8f86-4478-958d-513b8f9de1da.html", "date": "2026-06-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Massive AI data center proposed for Kern County's Elk Hills", "publisher": "23ABC News (KERO)", "url": "https://www.turnto23.com/news/in-your-neighborhood/taft-maricopa/massive-ai-data-center-proposed-for-kern-countys-elk-hills", "date": "2026-06-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "CRC holds informational meetings on proposed data center", "publisher": "Taft Midway Driller", "url": "https://www.taftmidwaydriller.com/news/crc-holds-informational-meetings-on-proposed-data-center/article_c5ebd0e4-9843-41d6-baf6-c9568b1270dc.html", "date": "2026-08-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Golden Valley", "publisher": "Golden Valley Technology Hub (CRC / Beacon)", "url": "https://www.goldenvalleytechhub.com/", "date": "2026", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Data center proposed in Inyokern and now Taft", "publisher": "KBAK/KBFX Eyewitness News", "url": "https://bakersfieldnow.com/news/local/data-center-proposed-in-inyokern-and-now-taft", "date": "2026-06-17", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-05" }, { "slug": "core-scientific-coreweave-denton-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/core-scientific-coreweave-denton-tx", "name": "Core Scientific Denton Data Center", "aka": [ "CoreWeave Denton" ], "city": "Denton", "county": "Denton County", "state": "TX", "lat": 33.2164, "lng": -97.1292, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "operating", "statusNote": "More than 16,000 GPUs deployed as of January 2026; facility expansion under construction as of April 2026", "developer": "Core Scientific", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Core Scientific is converting its former bitcoin mining campus at 8171 Jim Christal Road in Denton into an AI data center for CoreWeave, a project the Denton City Council approved in 2024 with a total real property investment of roughly $6.1 billion. A February 2025 expansion brought the site's full critical IT load to approximately 260 MW, and CoreWeave had deployed more than 16,000 GPUs at the delayed facility as of January 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "it_mw", "value": 260, "unit": "MW", "note": "approximately; full critical IT load after 70 MW expansion (company-stated)", "source": "s4", "quote": "The 70 MW of additional contracted power at the Denton site increases the full critical IT load to approximately 260 MW." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 6100000000, "note": "roughly; total real property investment", "source": "s3", "quote": "The improvements will require a total real property investment of roughly $6.1 billion" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 78, "note": "leased footprint after November 2024 expansion", "source": "s3", "quote": "Core Scientific would expand its footprint to 78 acres — doubling its current size." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 300, "note": "up to 300 at full development", "source": "s3", "quote": "Core Scientific plans to have up to 300 full-time employees on-site at full development." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Denton Municipal Electric", "source": "s2", "quote": "On Tuesday night, the Denton City Council unanimously approved modifying the power purchase agreement between Core Scientific and Denton Municipal Electric." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "Backup generators and heat exchangers on an additional 2.1 leased acres", "source": "s1", "quote": "The council also approved an amendment to the city's lease with Core Scientific to include an additional 2.1 acres for the backup generators and heat exchangers." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "8171 Jim Christal Road, Denton", "source": "s3", "quote": "The Denton City Council approved several measures that would allow the conversion and expansion of facilities at 8171 Jim Christal Road in a specially called meeting Tuesday evening." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-08", "event": "Denton City Council votes 5-0 to amend Core Scientific's power purchase agreement and lease to allow high-performance computing for AI", "source": "s1", "quote": "The City Council voted 5-0 to approve amending the power purchase agreement and amending its lease agreement with Core Scientific." }, { "date": "2024-11", "event": "Denton City Council approves measures allowing conversion and expansion of the Jim Christal Road facility, with roughly $6.1 billion in real property investment and a 78-acre footprint", "source": "s3", "quote": "The Denton City Council approved several measures that would allow the conversion and expansion of facilities at 8171 Jim Christal Road in a specially called meeting Tuesday evening." }, { "date": "2025-02-26", "event": "Core Scientific and CoreWeave announce a $1.2 billion expansion adding 70 MW of contracted power at Denton", "source": "s4", "quote": "The new agreement brings an additional $1.2 billion in contracted revenue across Core Scientific's Denton TX location" }, { "date": "2026-01-13", "event": "DCD, citing The Information, reports CoreWeave has deployed more than 16,000 GPUs at the delayed Denton facility", "source": "s5", "quote": "According to a report from The Information and citing internal communications, the neocloud has now successfully deployed more than 16,000 GPUs at the facility." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The Information, as reported by DCD, identified the Denton facility as being developed for OpenAI and as the CoreWeave project delayed by a third-party developer (s5)", "Some residents raised concerns about noise and health impacts from Denton's data center growth (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Core Scientific gets approval to bring high-powered computing for AI to Denton", "publisher": "KERA News", "url": "https://www.keranews.org/science-technology/2024-08-28/core-scientific-gets-approval-to-bring-high-powered-computing-for-ai-to-denton", "date": "2024-08-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Goodbye, crypto; hello, AI: Denton data center is changing focus, planning to grow and use more power", "publisher": "KERA News", "url": "https://www.keranews.org/news/2024-11-21/goodbye-crypto-hello-ai-denton-data-center-is-changing-focus-planning-to-grow-and-use-more-power", "date": "2024-11-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Denton approves $6.1 billion bitcoin mining to AI data center conversion", "publisher": "The Dallas Morning News", "url": "https://www.dallasnews.com/business/real-estate/2024/11/20/denton-approves-61-billion-bitcoin-mining-to-ai-data-center-conversion/", "date": "2024-11-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Core Scientific and CoreWeave Announce $1.2 Billion Expansion at Denton, TX Site", "publisher": "Core Scientific", "url": "https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/110/core-scientific-and-coreweave-announce-1-2-billion-expansion-at-denton-tx-site", "date": "2025-02-26", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "CoreWeave deploys 16,000 GPUs at delayed data center in Denton, Texas", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/coreweave-deploys-16000-gpus-at-delayed-data-center-in-denton-texas/", "date": "2026-01-13", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Denton's data center boom sparks debate over growth and resources", "publisher": "Denton Record-Chronicle", "url": "https://dentonrc.com/news/denton/denton-s-data-center-boom-sparks-debate-over-growth-and-resources/article_edd8a259-a067-45b1-bd99-7aefa775f940.html", "date": "2026-04-03", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "prologis-project-mila-trenton-oh", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/prologis-project-mila-trenton-oh", "name": "Project Mila", "aka": [], "city": "Trenton", "county": "Butler County", "state": "OH", "lat": 39.478808, "lng": -84.466373, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "WVXU (Aug. 2026) reports construction underway and says the city expects Amazon Web Services to be the end user; the Journal-News calls it an AWS campus and says Trenton's Nov. 3 data center ban vote would not affect it; Issue 17 passed Nov. 3, 2026 (unofficial results) and the project's standing under it is unsettled", "developer": "Prologis", "endUsers": [ "Amazon Web Services" ], "summary": "Prologis is building Project Mila, a planned 250-megawatt data center with four buildings and an electrical substation on 141 acres in the Trenton Industrial Park, land it bought from the City of Trenton in October 2025. Trenton's planning commission unanimously approved the site plan in March 2026, and City Council approved a 15-year, 75% property tax abatement on the buildings in July 2026. WVXU reports the city expects Amazon Web Services to be the end user, and the Journal-News describes it as an AWS data center campus under construction.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 250, "unit": "MW", "note": "also stated by the Journal-News (June 2026) and WVXU (July 2026)", "source": "s9", "quote": "Construction is underway on a planned 250-megawatt data center." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 893034, "note": "WVXU and WCPO (March 2026) reported about 880,000 sq ft; the 2025 purchase agreement described an approximately 1 million sq ft data center (WCPO/Journal-News); DCD reports four 220,000 sq ft buildings; the Journal-News (Sept. 2026) says almost 900,000 sq ft", "source": "s7", "quote": "The project, led by developer Prologis, calls for a 250-megawatt data center spanning 893,034 square feet across 141 acres" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 141, "note": "WVXU describes the site as more than 140 acres / 140 acres", "source": "s1", "quote": "A California-based real estate company has purchased 141 acres of land in the city of Trenton for a proposed 1 million-square-foot data center." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 4, "note": "plus an electrical substation (WVXU); preliminary conceptual plans released by the city Jan. 6 showed six data center buildings (WCPO, Feb. 2026); the CRA agreement expects Prologis to build at least two buildings with an option for more (Journal-News, June 2026)", "source": "s10", "quote": "Construction is progressing on the almost 900,000-square-foot, four-building Amazon Web Services data center campus on 141 acres within the city of Trenton." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 120, "note": "Prologis estimate, by Dec. 31, 2035, with a pledged annual payroll of about $9 million; city officials earlier cited 100-150 full-time jobs (WCPO, 2025-10-29) and WVXU (March 2026) reported a projected 140 jobs", "source": "s8", "quote": "Prologis estimates the project will create 120 new full-time jobs by Dec. 31, 2035." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Duke Energy", "source": "s1", "quote": "increased costs due to water — which is provided by the city — and electricity — provided by Duke Energy." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "municipal (City of Trenton system)", "note": "Prologis statement at a March 2026 public forum", "source": "s3", "quote": "they would pull water from the municipal system and all water used to cool the facility would be disposed of in the city's sewer system." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "direct evaporative free-air cooling", "note": "expected water use up to 15.8 million gallons a year; the city earlier said approximately 15 million gallons a year (DCD, quoting the city); Prologis said its design requires water cooling for only 3% of the year (WCPO, March 2026)", "source": "s7", "quote": "The project is expected to use up to 15.8 million gallons of water annually, largely due to a direct evaporative free-air cooling system designed to reduce overall water demand." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "75% property tax abatement for 15 years on the value of the data center buildings, under a Community Reinvestment Area agreement", "source": "s8", "quote": "City Council voted Thursday to approve an agreement granting developer Prologis a 15-year, 75% property tax abatement on the value of the planned data center buildings." }, { "field": "abatement_years", "value": 15, "source": "s8", "quote": "City Council voted Thursday to approve an agreement granting developer Prologis a 15-year, 75% property tax abatement on the value of the planned data center buildings." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Compensation agreement with up-front payments of $940,200 to Edgewood City Schools and $59,800 to Butler Tech", "note": "the Journal-News reports an existing TIF arrangement would direct PILOTs to Edgewood City Schools and Butler Tech; Prologis also paid about $2.5 million to Trenton Water Works and $210,400 for sewer capacity (WVXU)", "source": "s8", "quote": "The developer is paying $940,200 to Edgewood City Schools and $59,800 to Butler Tech." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Industrial General (IG) zoning district (City of Trenton statement)", "note": "WVXU reports that in November 2025 Council voted to establish an I-T zoning district in anticipation of the data center; in March 2025 the planning commission approved zoning code updates to allow data centers (WCPO)", "source": "s4", "quote": "The project site is located within the City's Industrial General (IG) zoning district," }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Trenton City Planning Commission unanimously approved Prologis' site plan (March 2026)", "source": "s5", "quote": "Trenton City Planning Commissioners voted unanimously Monday to approve Prologis' site plan for the 880,000-square-foot development." }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First building 2028; all four buildings by 2029", "note": "as reported by DCD from a March 2026 public meeting", "source": "s4", "quote": "Construction on the first building could start later this year for a 2028 launch, with all four buildings complete by 2029." }, { "field": "nearest_residence", "value": "City says residential areas are 2,300 feet away; a resident says two houses are within 750-800 feet of the construction zone", "source": "s2", "quote": "He disputes the city's claim that residential areas are 2,300 feet away, saying two houses behind him are within 750-800 feet of the construction zone." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-04", "event": "Prologis and the City of Trenton sign a purchase agreement for the land, listed at $55,000 per acre (about $7.7 million for 141 acres)", "source": "s1", "quote": "the price at the time of the purchase agreement in April 2024 between Prologis and the city was listed at $55,000 per acre — approximately $7.7 million for a total of 141 acres." }, { "date": "2025-03", "event": "Trenton's planning commission approves updates to three zoning code ordinances to allow data centers, at the request of a Prologis representative", "source": "s1", "quote": "In March 2025, the city's planning commission also approved updating three zoning code ordinances to allow data centers, according to city public documents. The update was requested by a Prologis representative." }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Prologis's purchase of the city-owned industrial park land closes", "source": "s1", "quote": "The sale closed the week of Oct. 13, according to Mattie Sorrentino, vice president of communications at real estate company Prologis." }, { "date": "2025-11", "event": "Trenton City Council votes to create an I-T zoning district, which the city manager says anticipated the data center", "source": "s9", "quote": "That's why Council voted to create an I-T zoning district in November 2025." }, { "date": "2025-12", "event": "A nearby resident says heavy machinery began breaking ground on the site just before Christmas", "source": "s2", "quote": "he discovered heavy machinery breaking ground on the site just before Christmas." }, { "date": "2026-03", "event": "Trenton City Planning Commission unanimously approves Prologis' site plan", "source": "s5", "quote": "Trenton City Planning Commissioners voted unanimously Monday to approve Prologis' site plan for the 880,000-square-foot development." }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "Residents submit a petition to amend Trenton's charter to prohibit construction of data centers over 25 megawatts", "source": "s8", "quote": "Earlier this week, a group of residents submitted a petition to the city to change its charter to prohibit the construction of data centers over 25 megawatts." }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "Trenton City Council approves a 15-year, 75% property tax abatement agreement and a compensation agreement with Prologis", "source": "s8", "quote": "City Council voted Thursday to approve an agreement granting developer Prologis a 15-year, 75% property tax abatement on the value of the planned data center buildings." }, { "date": "2026-11-03", "event": "Trenton voters pass Issue 17, a charter amendment barring data centers over 25 MW, with about 80% of the vote (unofficial Butler County Board of Elections results, not yet certified). WVXU says it puts the 250 MW Prologis facility into question; Prologis told WCPO the result does not affect its project, and whether the project has vested rights is unsettled. Work so far is site work", "source": "s11" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "WVXU: \"The city expects the data center's end user to be Amazon Web Services.\" WVXU also describes the site as being prepared for a data center for Amazon Web Services by Prologis (s9)", "Trenton voters decide Nov. 3 on a charter amendment banning data centers with more than 25 megawatts of demand; the Journal-News says: \"The amendment would not affect the Amazon Web Services data center already under construction in Trenton.\" Residents' lawsuit led the Ohio Supreme Court to order the measure onto the ballot (s10)", "Residents, organized as Woodsdale and Trenton Environmental Resistance (W.A.T.E.R.), have raised concerns about transparency, noise, light, utility bills and environmental impacts (s2, s5, s9)", "A city official signed a non-disclosure agreement for the project; a resident says she had to file a Court of Claims complaint to obtain it (s9)", "The site is south of Kennel Road and east of Woodsdale Road in the Trenton Industrial Park, east of Molson Coors' Trenton brewery and near Duke Energy's Woodsdale Substation, which Duke is looking to expand (s1, s3, s4, s9)", "Prologis says it will pay for its water use, electricity costs and power system upgrades (s3, s9)", "The mayor said Trenton's water treatment plant can handle up to 6 million gallons per day with minor improvements, against current city usage of 1.5 million gallons daily; the city has frozen residential water rate increases through 2032, citing revenue from the development (s2, s9)", "Butler County's June 2026 six-month data center moratorium applies only to six townships under county zoning; Trenton manages its own zoning (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "1 million-square-foot data center proposed across 141 acres in Trenton", "publisher": "WCPO (Journal-News story by Bryn Dippold)", "url": "https://www.wcpo.com/news/local-news/butler-county/trenton/1-million-square-foot-data-center-proposed-across-141-acres-in-trenton", "date": "2025-10-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Trenton residents demand transparency as data center construction begins", "publisher": "WCPO", "url": "https://www.wcpo.com/news/local-news/butler-county/trenton/trenton-residents-demand-transparency-as-data-center-construction-begins", "date": "2026-02-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Prologis reveals tentative plans for major Trenton data center project", "publisher": "WCPO", "url": "https://www.wcpo.com/news/local-news/butler-county/trenton/prologis-reveals-tentative-plans-for-major-trenton-data-center-project", "date": "2026-03-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Prologis details plans for data center campus outside Cincinnati, Ohio", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/prologis-details-plans-for-data-center-campus-outside-cincinnati-ohio/", "date": "2026-03-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Trenton commission approves plan for data center, moving project closer to construction", "publisher": "WVXU", "url": "https://www.wvxu.org/local-news/2026-03-30/trenton-planning-commission-approves-site-plan-data-center", "date": "2026-03-30", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Butler County Commissioners approve short-term data center moratorium", "publisher": "WVXU", "url": "https://www.wvxu.org/environment/2026-06-17/butler-county-approves-data-center-moratorium", "date": "2026-06-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "What to know about Trenton's proposed data center tax incentives", "publisher": "Journal-News", "url": "https://www.journal-news.com/local/what-to-know-about-trenton-s-proposed-data-center-tax-incentives/article_7b381512-adde-58f8-b35b-b43ca25051ef.html", "date": "2026-06-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Trenton approves 15-year tax abatement for data center", "publisher": "WVXU", "url": "https://www.wvxu.org/environment/2026-07-09/trenton-approves-15-year-tax-abatement-for-data-center", "date": "2026-07-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Data center in Trenton spurs transparency concerns", "publisher": "WVXU", "url": "https://www.wvxu.org/environment/2026-08-11/data-center-trenton-prologis-transparency-concerns", "date": "2026-08-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Trenton voters will decide on a data center ban: Election 2026", "publisher": "Journal-News", "url": "https://www.journal-news.com/local/elections/trenton-voters-will-decide-on-a-data-center-ban-election-2026/article_b2162dd4-ef96-56f3-9d38-c623021b2ee6.html", "date": "2026-09-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "Trenton votes to ban data centers", "publisher": "WVXU", "url": "https://www.wvxu.org/environment/2026-11-03/trenton-votes-to-ban-data-centers", "date": "2026-11-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s12", "title": "Trenton voters approve Issue 17, limiting new data centers to 25 megawatts", "publisher": "WCPO", "url": "https://www.wcpo.com/news/local-news/in-your-community/butler-county/trenton-voters-approve-issue-17-limiting-new-data-centers-to-25-megawatts", "date": "2026-11-04", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-05" }, { "slug": "qts-fayetteville-ga", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/qts-fayetteville-ga", "name": "QTS Fayetteville data center campus", "aka": [ "Project Excalibur", "Microsoft Fairwater Atlanta" ], "city": "Fayetteville", "county": "Fayette County", "state": "GA", "lat": 33.4487, "lng": -84.4549, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "operating", "statusNote": "First building (Microsoft Fairwater) opened October 2025; rest of campus under construction", "developer": "QTS Data Centers (Blackstone)", "endUsers": [ "Microsoft" ], "summary": "QTS, a Blackstone subsidiary, is building a 615-acre data center campus on Highway 54 on the west side of Fayetteville, planned for up to about 7 million sq ft. Its first building, over 1 million sq ft, opened in October 2025 and is leased to Microsoft for its Fairwater AI 'superfactory'. QTS has also filed plans for a 2 million sq ft expansion on 313 acres west of Veterans Parkway.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 615, "unit": "acres", "note": "land acquired in 2022 for about $154 million", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 7000000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "up to about 7 million sq ft planned; DCD reports 6.6 million sq ft in 16 buildings", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 16, "note": "planned", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 250, "unit": "MW", "note": "approximate capacity as reported by DCD", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Fayette County Water System (municipal)", "note": "construction use under 1% of county production; operational use described as about four households", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Georgia Power", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Fully operational by 2030; ATL2 East expansion by 2029", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 2000, "unit": "gal/day", "note": "per city officials; closed-loop system", "source": "s8", "quote": "According to officials, QTS uses 2,000 gallons of water a day compared to a 'typical data center' using more than one million gallons per day." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "East campus expansion: two parcels fronting Veterans Parkway rezoned from planned community district to business park, with a future land use map update", "source": "s8", "quote": "Rezoning changes the two parcels from planned community district to business park." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-08", "event": "QTS confirmed as buyer of about 600 acres for $153.8 million for a 250 MW campus", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-05", "event": "First building occupied", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-09-25", "event": "Certificate of completion issued for first building", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Microsoft Fairwater AI facility opens in first building", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-01", "event": "QTS files plans for 2 million sq ft ATL2 East expansion on 313 acres west of Veterans Parkway", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-05-13", "event": "Fayette County issues statement on QTS construction water use", "source": "s5" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "County records showed QTS used 109 million gallons across 13 water lines during construction, and two lines were installed without county inspection; QTS says it did not use water improperly, and the county later attributed billing problems to a smart meter transition (s7)", "Residents along Georgia Power's Ashley Park-Wansley 500 kV transmission line face easement and eminent domain demands; Georgia Power says the line does not serve a single customer (s4)", "Neighbors say the campus does not fit Fayette County's residential character (s7)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "QTS confirmed as behind 250MW data center mega-project in Fayetteville, Georgia", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/qts-confirmed-as-behind-250mw-data-center-mega-project-in-fayetteville-georgia/", "date": "2022-08-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "QTS files to expand Fayetteville data center campus in Georgia", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/qts-files-to-expand-fayetteville-data-center-campus-in-georgia/", "date": "2026-01-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Microsoft's newest AI 'superfactory' opens at sprawling Fayetteville campus", "publisher": "Atlanta Journal-Constitution", "url": "https://www.ajc.com/business/2025/11/microsofts-newest-ai-superfactory-opens-at-sprawling-fayetteville-campus/", "date": "2025-11-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The data center boom is transforming Georgia. Some residents could lose their land.", "publisher": "Atlanta Journal-Constitution", "url": "https://www.ajc.com/business/2026/05/the-data-center-boom-is-transforming-georgia-some-residents-could-lose-their-land/", "date": "2026-05-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Facts about the QTS Fayetteville Data Center Campus Project", "publisher": "Fayette County", "url": "https://fayettecountyga.gov/news_detail_T2_R185.php", "date": "2026-05-13", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Fayetteville, Georgia", "publisher": "QTS Data Centers", "url": "https://q.com/data-centers/fayetteville/", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Questions raise about massive data center in Georgia as QTS pursues plans to build campus in Bessemer", "publisher": "WBRC", "url": "https://www.wbrc.com/2026/07/17/questions-raise-about-massive-data-center-georgia-qts-pursues-plans-build-campus-bessemer/", "date": "2026-07-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Fayetteville Updates City's Future Land Use Map for QTS East Campus", "publisher": "The Fayette County News", "url": "https://www.fayette-news.net/news/fayetteville-updates-city-s-future-land-use-map-for-qts-east-campus/article_0e53c7d2-4977-49e7-99ea-18f52136c62e.html", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "sabey-decatur-township-indianapolis-in", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/sabey-decatur-township-indianapolis-in", "name": "Sabey Decatur Technology Park", "aka": [ "Sabey Data Centers Decatur Township" ], "city": "Indianapolis", "county": "Marion County", "state": "IN", "lat": 39.695, "lng": -86.29, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Variances approved March 2026 and tax abatements September 2026; residents' judicial review petition pending", "developer": "Sabey Data Centers", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Seattle-based Sabey plans a two-building, 1,062,500-square-foot data center campus on 130 acres at 6400 Kentucky Ave. in Decatur Township, with an on-site substation that could provide up to 250 megawatts. The Metropolitan Development Commission approved the project's variances in March 2026 and more than $240 million in tax breaks for the $4.3 billion project in September 2026. Decatur Township residents are separately suing to block the development.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 130, "unit": "acres", "source": "s4", "quote": "The Sabey data center will be a two-building campus totaling 1,062,500 square-feet on 130 acres of land at 6400 Kentucky Ave." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 1062500, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s4", "quote": "The Sabey data center will be a two-building campus totaling 1,062,500 square-feet on 130 acres of land at 6400 Kentucky Ave." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 2, "source": "s4", "quote": "The Sabey data center will be a two-building campus totaling 1,062,500 square-feet on 130 acres of land at 6400 Kentucky Ave." }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 250, "unit": "MW", "note": "up to 250 MW via on-site electrical substation", "source": "s4", "quote": "There will be an on-site electrical substation with the potential to provide up to 250 megawatts of computing energy." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 75, "source": "s4", "quote": "Sabey said the data center will create 75 jobs that will pay an average of $50 an hour." }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 300, "note": "about 300", "source": "s4", "quote": "the project will bring about 300 construction jobs." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop water-reduction system (developer-stated)", "source": "s4", "quote": "Sabey said the design includes a closed-loop water-reduction system to reduce water usage and cool the equipment." }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "2031", "source": "s4", "quote": "The company anticipates that construction will begin soon and reach completion by 2031." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Real estate tax break of 60% over 10 years; equipment tax break of 90% over 15 years", "source": "s4", "quote": "The real estate tax break — a 60% reduction over 10 years — passed 6-1." }, { "field": "abatement_usd", "value": 240000000, "note": "more than $240 million", "source": "s4", "quote": "Indianapolis approved more than $240 million in tax breaks for a $4.3 billion data center a Seattle-based company is building in Decatur Township." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "$29.8 million additional investment in the southwest community", "source": "s5", "quote": "the company will invest an additional $29.8 million into the southwest community" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Metropolitan Development Commission approved tax breaks 6-1 (real estate) and 5-2 (equipment) on September 16, 2026", "source": "s5", "quote": "The commission approved the proposed tax break 6-1 for real estate taxes and 5-2 for equipment taxes" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Variance of use (no full rezoning)", "source": "s2", "quote": "Instead of seeking a full rezoning of the site — land located near residential neighborhoods — Sabey filed for a variance of use." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "6400 Kentucky Ave.", "source": "s4", "quote": "on 130 acres of land at 6400 Kentucky Ave." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-03-18", "event": "Metropolitan Development Commission approves the project's variances", "source": "s3", "quote": "Seven Decatur Township residents filed a petition April 17 for judicial review of the Metropolitan Development Commission's decision March 18." }, { "date": "2026-04-17", "event": "Seven Decatur Township residents file petition for judicial review of the commission's decision", "source": "s3", "quote": "Seven Decatur Township residents filed a petition April 17 for judicial review of the Metropolitan Development Commission's decision March 18." }, { "date": "2026-09-16", "event": "Metropolitan Development Commission approves more than $240 million in tax breaks", "source": "s4", "quote": "The Metropolitan Development Commission approved the tax breaks for Sabey Data Centers at a meeting Wednesday at the City-County Building." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about noise, energy demand, water use, lack of jobs and property values (s1)", "Opponents say filing for variances instead of a rezoning deprived the City-County Council of a vote (s1, s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Indianapolis approves plan to build $4B data center in Decatur Township after months of pushback", "publisher": "WFYI", "url": "https://www.wfyi.org/wfyi-news/2026-03-18/decatur-township-data-center-mdc-vote", "date": "2026-03-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Decatur Township residents sue to block $4B data center", "publisher": "WFYI", "url": "https://www.wfyi.org/wfyi-news/2026-04-20/decatur-township-residents-sue-to-block-sabey-data-center", "date": "2026-04-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Anti-data center advocates take their battle to court", "publisher": "Mirror Indy", "url": "https://mirrorindy.org/decatur-township-civic-council-sabey-data-center-judicial-review-metropolitan-development-commission/", "date": "2026-04-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "City approves $240 million tax break for data center developer's Decatur Township project", "publisher": "WFYI", "url": "https://www.wfyi.org/wfyi-news/2026-09-16/city-approves-240-million-tax-break-for-data-center-developers-decatur-township-project", "date": "2026-09-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Indy officials greenlight $240M in tax breaks for southside data center", "publisher": "Mirror Indy", "url": "https://mirrorindy.org/decatur-township-sabey-data-center-tax-abatement-incentives-southside-indianapolis-marion-county-economic-development/", "date": "2026-09-16", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "panattoni-perry-township-stark-county-oh", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/panattoni-perry-township-stark-county-oh", "name": "Perry Township Data Center", "aka": [ "Panattoni Perry Township Data Center" ], "city": "Canton", "county": "Stark County", "state": "OH", "lat": 40.7989, "lng": -81.3784, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Developers broke ground in 2026; a residents' lawsuit over township approvals does not seek to halt development", "developer": "Panattoni Development Company", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Panattoni Development Company is building a 240-megawatt data center in Perry Township, Stark County, on a site of more than 100 acres at Faircrest Street SW and Kropf Avenue. The city of Canton and Perry Township trustees approved it under a JEDD agreement, the Stark County Board of Commissioners gave final approval to its tax break 2-0 in June 2026, and developers broke ground earlier in 2026; local officials say it is an Amazon data center. Residents have raised concerns about air quality, water, noise and secrecy, and some are petitioning for a statewide ballot measure on large data centers.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 240, "unit": "MW", "source": "s1", "quote": "The project aims to bring a 240-megawatt data center to a more than 100-acre site at Faircrest Street SW and Kropf Avenue in Perry Township." }, { "field": "acres", "value": "more than 100", "unit": "acres", "source": "s1", "quote": "The project aims to bring a 240-megawatt data center to a more than 100-acre site at Faircrest Street SW and Kropf Avenue in Perry Township." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": "two buildings of approximately 218,000 sq ft each and two of approximately 160,000 sq ft each", "source": "s2", "quote": "Two buildings of approximately 218,000 square feet each. Two buildings of approximately 160,000 square feet each" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 670, "note": "approximately", "source": "s2", "quote": "approximately 670 construction jobs" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "municipal (City of Canton)", "source": "s2", "quote": "City of Canton will supply water to the project and has confirmed that there is adequate excess capacity to serve the facility" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "ambient air in cooler months; active cooling mainly in summer", "source": "s2", "quote": "facility utilizes ambient air during cooler months. Active cooling is primarily reserved for the warmer summer months" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Stark County Board of Commissioners approved 2-0 in June 2026; Commissioner Alan Harold abstained", "source": "s3", "quote": "The vote was 2 to 0. Commissioner Alan Harold abstained." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Community Reinvestment Area property tax abatement: Perry Township receives $2.75 million upfront and forgoes 75% of future property taxes from the project for 30 years", "source": "s6", "quote": "The property tax abatement gives Perry Township $2.75 million upfront in exchange for foregoing 75% of future property tax payments from the project for 30 years." }, { "field": "abatement_years", "value": 30, "source": "s6", "quote": "The property tax abatement gives Perry Township $2.75 million upfront in exchange for foregoing 75% of future property tax payments from the project for 30 years." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026", "event": "Perry Township trustees and the city of Canton approve the project under a JEDD agreement", "source": "s3", "quote": "Perry Township trustees and the city of Canton as part of a JEDD agreement gave their approval earlier." }, { "date": "2026", "event": "Developers break ground on the 240-megawatt data center", "source": "s5", "quote": "Developers broke ground on the 100-acre, 240-megawatt data center in Perry Township earlier this year." }, { "date": "2026-03-24", "event": "Perry Township trustees approve the Community Reinvestment Area tax break agreement for the data center", "source": "s6", "quote": "Township trustees approved the tax break agreement March 24, and Canton council members approved it May 18." }, { "date": "2026-04", "event": "Panattoni hosts an open house at Perry High School on the project", "source": "s1", "quote": "Panattoni Development Company hosted the open house Wednesday at Perry High School to address remaining community concerns directly." }, { "date": "2026-05-17", "event": "The Canton Repository describes the Amazon data center in Perry Township as under construction", "source": "s7", "quote": "With an Amazon data center under construction in Perry Township and other sites under consideration, Stark County's elected officials say that they're trying to balance economic development and constituent complaints about the developments." }, { "date": "2026-05-18", "event": "Canton City Council approves the tax break agreement", "source": "s6", "quote": "Township trustees approved the tax break agreement March 24, and Canton council members approved it May 18." }, { "date": "2026-06", "event": "Stark County Board of Commissioners approves the project's Community Reinvestment Area tax deal, the final step in granting it", "source": "s6", "quote": "Getting the county's approval was the final step in granting the Community Reinvestment Area tax deal." }, { "date": "2026-09-01", "event": "Residents sue the Perry Township trustees, Panattoni and other local bodies over the noise ordinance and tax-exemption resolution; the suit does not seek to halt development", "source": "s5", "quote": "The lawsuit, filed Tuesday, challenges the amended noise ordinance approved by trustees in October, along with the tax-exemption consent resolution approved by the board in March." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Perry Township residents v. Perry Township Board of Trustees et al.", "court": null, "filed": "2026-09-01", "status": "pending", "summary": "Residents allege the township's amended noise ordinance and a tax-exemption consent resolution were adopted in violation of the Ohio Revised Code and the Open Meetings Act; Panattoni, the Stark County commissioners, the City of Canton and the Perry Local Schools board are also named.", "source": "s5", "quote": "The lawsuit, filed Tuesday, challenges the amended noise ordinance approved by trustees in October, along with the tax-exemption consent resolution approved by the board in March." } ], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about inhalable particles, water, noise and secrecy (s1)", "Opponents are collecting signatures for a statewide ballot initiative to ban large-scale data centers (s1, s4)", "County Commissioner Richard Regula said he believes there was a conflict of interest (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Some Stark County residents skeptical of developers' answers on data center project", "publisher": "Ideastream Public Media", "url": "https://www.ideastream.org/environment-energy/2026-04-15/some-stark-county-residents-skeptical-of-developers-answers-on-data-center-project", "date": "2026-04-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Data Center Community FAQ", "publisher": "Perry Township, Stark County", "url": "https://www.perrytwp.com/Documents/Departments/Administration/FAQs%20Data%20Center%20April%202026.pdf?t=202604211620460", "date": "2026-04", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Perry Data Center Gets County OK", "publisher": "WHBC", "url": "https://www.whbc.com/perry-data-center-gets-county-ok/", "date": "2026-06-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "As data center proposals spread across Stark County, neighbors fear what's next", "publisher": "News 5 Cleveland", "url": "https://www.news5cleveland.com/news/local-news/we-follow-through/as-data-center-proposals-spread-across-stark-county-neighbors-fear-whats-next", "date": "2026-06-25", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Stark County residents sue township trustees alleging lack of transparency in data center project", "publisher": "Ideastream Public Media", "url": "https://www.ideastream.org/environment-energy/2026-09-03/stark-county-residents-sue-township-trustees-alleging-lack-of-transparency-in-data-center-project", "date": "2026-09-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Stark County grants final approval for Perry Twp. data center tax break", "publisher": "The Canton Repository (via AOL)", "url": "https://www.aol.com/articles/stark-county-grants-final-approval-210423381.html", "date": "2026-06-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Stark County officials try to balance data center progress, pushback", "publisher": "The Canton Repository (via AOL)", "url": "https://www.aol.com/news/stark-county-officials-try-balance-100517291.html", "date": "2026-05-17", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "prime-phoenix-avondale-az", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/prime-phoenix-avondale-az", "name": "Prime Phoenix Campus", "aka": [ "Prime Phoenix" ], "city": "Avondale", "county": null, "state": "AZ", "lat": 33.4336, "lng": -112.3497, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Ground broken on first three buildings in May 2026", "developer": "Prime Data Centers", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Prime Data Centers is building a five-building hyperscale data center campus in Avondale; at full build-out it will cover 66.5 acres and 1.3 million square feet, with 240MW of total critical power. In May 2026 Prime broke ground on the first three buildings, each a 267,000 square-foot facility delivering 48MW of critical IT load, and a leading hyperscaler has secured Buildings 1–3. The campus is powered by a dedicated on-site substation and uses a closed-loop cooling system designed to use no process water during operations.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 240, "unit": "MW", "note": "total critical power at full build-out", "source": "s2", "quote": "the campus, which will ultimately span 66.5 acres, 1.3 million square feet and 240MW of total critical power across five hyperscale data centers" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 210, "unit": "MW", "note": "differing figure: critical power stated at the May 2023 announcement", "source": "s1", "quote": "Prime Phoenix will feature 210 megawatts of critical power and 1.3 million square feet of space." }, { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 144, "unit": "MW", "note": "critical IT load across first three buildings", "source": "s3", "quote": "48MW of critical IT load, for a combined 144MW in the opening phase" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 66.5, "source": "s2", "quote": "the campus, which will ultimately span 66.5 acres, 1.3 million square feet and 240MW of total critical power across five hyperscale data centers" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 1300000, "source": "s2", "quote": "the campus, which will ultimately span 66.5 acres, 1.3 million square feet and 240MW of total critical power across five hyperscale data centers" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 5, "source": "s2", "quote": "the campus, which will ultimately span 66.5 acres, 1.3 million square feet and 240MW of total critical power across five hyperscale data centers" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 3000000000, "note": "more than $3 billion by Prime; release says customers invest an average 2x more", "source": "s2", "quote": "This more than $3 billion investment by Prime with its customers investing an average 2x more represents a major step forward for our local economy, bringing new jobs, long-term growth and world-class infrastructure to our community." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 150, "note": "around", "source": "s4", "quote": "Around 150 high-tech, well-paid jobs will also be created." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop cooling engineered for zero process water use during operations", "source": "s2", "quote": "The facility will feature a closed-loop cooling system engineered for zero process water use during operations, eliminating the need for ongoing water consumption as part of the cooling process while enabling precise thermal management for high-density compute environments." }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Dedicated on-site substation", "source": "s2", "quote": "Powering the campus is a dedicated on-site substation." }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "250MW substation, Phase 1 commissioned", "source": "s3", "quote": "Phase 1 of the campus's 250MW substation has already been commissioned." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-05-04", "event": "Prime announces a five-building, 66.5-acre campus in Avondale", "source": "s1", "quote": "Prime, a developer and operator of hyperscale and wholesale data centers in America and Europe, today announced expansion into the Phoenix market with a five-building, 66.5-acre campus in Avondale." }, { "date": "2026-05-21", "event": "Prime breaks ground on three buildings; Buildings 1–3 secured by a leading hyperscaler", "source": "s2", "quote": "Buildings 1–3 have been secured by a leading hyperscaler, with Buildings 4 and 5 remaining available to meet additional demand." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Prime Announces First Phoenix Data Center Campus", "publisher": "Prime Data Centers", "url": "https://primedatacenters.com/news/prime-announces-its-first-phoenix-data-center-campus/", "date": "2023-05-04", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Prime Data Centers Breaks Ground on Three Buildings at its 240MW Campus in Phoenix, Advancing $3B Investment in Avondale", "publisher": "Prime Data Centers", "url": "https://primedatacenters.com/news/prime-data-centers-breaks-ground-on-three-buildings-at-its-240mw-phoenix-campus-advancing-3billion-dollar-investment-in-avondale/", "date": "2026-05-21", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Prime Data Centers Breaks Ground on Three Buildings in Phoenix", "publisher": "ConstructConnect", "url": "https://news.constructconnect.com/prime-data-centers-breaks-ground-on-three-buildings-in-phoenix", "date": "2026-05-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Avondale is getting its first data center. Here's what you need to know", "publisher": "12News", "url": "https://www.12news.com/article/money/avondale-arizona-first-prime-data-center/75-aa998b8d-4faa-494e-92e8-7c68ee1e69ac", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-05" }, { "slug": "meta-beaver-dam-wi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/meta-beaver-dam-wi", "name": "Meta Beaver Dam Data Center", "aka": [], "city": "Beaver Dam", "county": "Dodge County", "state": "WI", "lat": 43.4578, "lng": -88.8373, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Wisconsin PSC approved Alliant Energy's rates for the campus in May 2026; opening expected 2027", "developer": "Meta", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Meta is putting more than $1 billion into an AI-optimized data center campus of over 700,000 square feet in Alliant Energy's Beaver Dam Commerce Park in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. Alliant would supply the campus with 220 megawatts of power; Wisconsin regulators signed off on the rates in May 2026 while criticizing the secrecy of the deal. Operations at the data center are expected to begin in 2027.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1000000000, "note": "more than $1 billion", "source": "s1", "quote": "Meta is investing more than $1 billion in an artificial-intelligence-optimized data center campus located in Beaver Dam." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 700000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "over 700,000 square feet", "source": "s1", "quote": "The data center campus will span over 700,000 square feet, with its operational buildings set to achieve LEED Gold certification." }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 220, "unit": "MW", "note": "power Alliant would supply under amended agreement, 10-year term", "source": "s3", "quote": "An amended agreement shows Alliant would supply the data center campus with 220 megawatts of power, or the equivalent of two large power plants, over a 10-year term." }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1000, "note": "more than 1,000 skilled trade jobs at peak construction", "source": "s1", "quote": "Meta anticipates the project will result in more than 1,000 skilled trade jobs on site at peak construction." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 100, "note": "more than 100 operational jobs", "source": "s1", "quote": "The data center is expected to come online in 2027, after which it will support more than 100 operational jobs." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "dry cooling", "note": "Meta says there are no water demands for cooling once operational", "source": "s1", "quote": "Additionally, the facility will use dry cooling, which means that there will be no water demands for cooling once it is operational." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop liquid", "note": "per City of Beaver Dam fact sheet", "source": "s5", "quote": "closed-loop, liquid cooled system that will use zero water for a majority of the year" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Alliant Energy", "source": "s3", "quote": "Wisconsin utility regulators signed off on Alliant Energy's proposed rates for Meta's $1 billion data center campus in Beaver Dam" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Meta will underwrite close to $200 million of energy infrastructure investment", "source": "s1", "quote": "Meta will underwrite nearly $200 million in energy infrastructure investments including network upgrades, utility substations, and transmission lines." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Tax increment district (TID 10) with taxable property guarantee", "source": "s5", "quote": "Taxable property guarantee for life of TID 10" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "2027", "source": "s1", "quote": "The data center is expected to come online in 2027" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Meta says it will restore 100% of water consumed to local watersheds", "source": "s2", "quote": "We'll also restore 100% of the water consumed by the data center to local watersheds." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-11-12", "event": "Meta and state and local officials announce the $1 billion Beaver Dam data center campus", "source": "s1", "quote": "Meta is investing more than $1 billion in an artificial-intelligence-optimized data center campus located in Beaver Dam." }, { "date": "2026-01-20", "event": "Construction is ongoing at the Beaver Dam Commerce Park site", "source": "s4", "quote": "Construction is ongoing at the 350-plus-acre Beaver Dam Commerce Park where a Meta data center is being built, Jan. 20, 2026, in Beaver Dam, Wis." }, { "date": "2026-05-07", "event": "Wisconsin Public Service Commission approves a modified version of Alliant Energy's one-off power supply contract with the Meta subsidiary", "source": "s4", "quote": "Strand and fellow commissioners Kristy Nieto and Marcus Hawkins approved a modified version of the agreement, acknowledging that the Beaver Dam campus will open in 2027 with or without a tailored contract with Alliant." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "PSC Chair Summer Strand criticized nondisclosure agreements, redacted filings and corporate pseudonyms in the approval process (s3, s4)", "Regulators ordered Alliant to set a standard rate for future data center customers (s3)", "Meta says it will restore 570 acres of wetlands and prairie around the site, with about 175 acres deeded to Ducks Unlimited (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Meta, state and local officials announce $1 billion data center investment in Beaver Dam project", "publisher": "Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation", "url": "https://wedc.org/meta-state-and-local-officials-announce-1-billion-data-center-investment-in-beaver-dam-project/", "date": "2025-11-12", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Meta's 30th Data Center: Delivering AI, Creating Community Benefits, and Supporting Wetlands Restoration", "publisher": "Meta", "url": "https://about.fb.com/news/2025/11/metas-30th-data-center-delivering-ai-supporting-wetlands-restoration/", "date": "2025-11-12", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Wisconsin regulators approve rates for Meta's Beaver Dam data center, with sharp criticism", "publisher": "WPR", "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/wisconsin-regulators-approve-rates-for-metas-beaver-dam-data-center-with-sharp-criticism", "date": "2026-05-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "PSC approves Alliant-Meta data center power deal while criticizing 'black box' approach", "publisher": "Wisconsin Watch", "url": "https://wisconsinwatch.org/2026/05/psc-approves-alliant-meta-data-center-power-deal-while-criticizing-black-box-approach/", "date": "2026-05-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Fact Sheet Notes 11.12.25 Data Center Information", "publisher": "City of Beaver Dam", "url": "https://www.ci.beaverdam.wi.gov/DocumentCenter/View/2458", "date": "2025-11-12", "type": "government" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "compass-goodyear-az", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/compass-goodyear-az", "name": "Compass Datacenters Goodyear Campus", "aka": [ "Compass Phoenix Campus" ], "city": "Goodyear", "county": "Maricopa County", "state": "AZ", "lat": 33.254031, "lng": -112.366472, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Construction began in 2019; contractor Sundt said in December 2023 it had completed and turned over multiple buildings", "developer": "Compass Datacenters", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Compass Datacenters' hyperscale data center campus sits on land at the northwest corner of Bullard Avenue and Yuma Road in Goodyear, Arizona, announced in July 2019 as a 225-acre campus of eight data centers totaling more than 1.8 million square feet and up to 350 MW at full build-out. On July 8, 2019, the Goodyear City Council gave unanimous approval to an agreement for the project, and Compass said it had begun building the first two data centers (72 MW of IT load). Contractor Sundt said in December 2023 that it had completed and turned over multiple buildings; Compass has since described the Goodyear site as a 190-acre, 240 MW campus and, on its current markets page, as a 212 MW campus it is developing.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 225, "unit": "acres", "note": "As announced in July 2019; 2019 reports said Compass bought more than 200 acres (s4, s5), and a Compass page (s8) describes a 190-acre campus", "quote": "Compass Datacenters has chosen to build its campus on 225 acres of land at the northwest corner of Bullard Avenue and Yuma Road, with future phases to include six additional data centers.", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 212, "unit": "MW", "note": "Compass's current description of the Goodyear campus; the July 2019 announcement planned up to 350 MW at full build-out (s1), and another Compass page describes 240 MW (s8)", "source": "s9", "quote": "To meet the region's growing demand, Compass is developing multiple sites — including a 212 MW campus in Goodyear and a 108 MW campus in El Mirage." }, { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 72, "unit": "MW", "note": "IT load of the first two data centers", "quote": "The first phase, delivering a combined 72 MW of IT load, is projected to be completed by fourth quarter 2019.", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 1800000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "\"over 1.8 million square feet\" across eight data centers at full build-out", "quote": "Upon the project's completion, the eight data centers will be over 1.8 million square feet, equivalent to 31 football fields.", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 8, "note": "Eight data centers of 227,000 sq ft each, per 2019 planning documents", "quote": "Planning documents for the site show that eight 227,000 sq ft data centers are planned along with one Compass-owned 230kV substation and two 69kV substations", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Grid power through a Compass-owned 230kV substation and two 69kV substations, per 2019 planning documents", "quote": "Planning documents for the site show that eight 227,000 sq ft data centers are planned along with one Compass-owned 230kV substation and two 69kV substations", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Arizona Public Service (APS)", "quote": "Goodyear is supported by Arizona Public Services, who work with Compass to customize their infrastructure.", "source": "s8" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Rezoned from light industrial to light industrial park (March 2019)", "quote": "In March of this year, the city of Goodyear agreed to rezone the land Compass bought from a light industrial zone into a light industrial park", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Goodyear City Council unanimously approved an agreement with Compass on July 8, 2019", "note": "Release datelined July 8, 2019", "quote": "The Goodyear City Council unanimously approved an agreement at tonight's meeting.", "source": "s1" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2019-01", "event": "Data Center Frontier reports that Compass Datacenters has acquired more than 200 acres in Goodyear", "quote": "Compass Datacenters has acquired more than 200 acres of land in Goodyear, Arizona", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2019-01-14", "event": "Data Center Frontier reports Compass has quietly acquired more than 200 acres in Goodyear, Arizona.", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2019-03", "event": "City of Goodyear agrees to rezone Compass's land from light industrial to light industrial park", "quote": "In March of this year, the city of Goodyear agreed to rezone the land Compass bought from a light industrial zone into a light industrial park", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2019-07-08", "event": "Goodyear City Council unanimously approves an agreement for the 225-acre Compass campus", "quote": "The Goodyear City Council unanimously approved an agreement at tonight's meeting.", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2019-07-09", "event": "Compass announces that construction has started on the campus's first two data centers", "quote": "Compass Datacenters has begun construction of the first two data centers on its campus in the Phoenix suburb of Goodyear, Arizona.", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2023-12-08", "event": "Contractor Sundt marks completion of Building 3 on the campus", "quote": "On December 8, the entire jobsite—including Sundt, the client and subcontractor teams—came together to celebrate the completion of Building 3", "source": "s7" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Goodyear, Arizona welcomes Compass Datacenters to its rapidly expanding technology corridor", "publisher": "Greater Phoenix Economic Council (GPEC)", "url": "https://www.gpec.org/news/goodyear-welcomes-compass-datacenters-to-technology-corridor/", "date": "2019-07-09", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Compass Datacenters will build 225-acre Goodyear campus", "publisher": "AZ Big Media", "url": "https://azbigmedia.com/business/economic-development/compass-datacenters-will-build-225-acre-goodyear-campus/", "date": "2019-07-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "New data centers to be built in Goodyear technology corridor", "publisher": "KTAR News", "url": "https://ktar.com/arizona-news/new-data-centers-to-be-built-in-goodyear-technology-corridor/2654079/", "date": "2019-07-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Compass Datacenters starts to build hyperscale Arizona campus", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/compass-datacenters-starts-build-hyperscale-arizona-campus/", "date": "2019-07-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Compass Datacenters Preps Land for Phoenix Campus", "publisher": "Data Center Frontier", "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/cloud/article/11429823/compass-datacenters-preps-land-for-phoenix-campus", "date": "2019-01-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Compass Datacenters Begins Construction of First Two Data Centers on Phoenix Campus", "publisher": "Compass Datacenters", "url": "https://www.compassdatacenters.com/news/compass-datacenters-begins-construction-of-first-two-data-centers-on-phoenix-campus/", "date": "2019-07-09", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Sundt Team Completes Building at Compass Datacenters’ Campus, Celebrating Major Milestone with Toy Drive for Local Nonprofits", "publisher": "Sundt Construction", "url": "https://www.sundt.com/2023/sundt-team-completes-building-at-compass-datacenters-campus-celebrating-major-milestone-with-toy-drive-for-local-nonprofits/", "date": "2023-12-12", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Building for What's Next: Phoenix Data Centers", "publisher": "Compass Datacenters", "url": "https://www.compassdatacenters.com/leadership-thoughts/building-for-whats-next-phoenix-data-centers/", "date": "2020-09-02", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Data Center Markets", "publisher": "Compass Datacenters", "url": "https://www.compassdatacenters.com/data-center-markets/", "date": null, "type": "company" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "remington-site-ilion-ny", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/remington-site-ilion-ny", "name": "Remington Site Data Center", "aka": [ "Turin Hoefler Avenue data center", "Ilion Remington Site C" ], "city": "Ilion", "county": "Herkimer County", "state": "NY", "lat": 43.0148, "lng": -75.0374, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Brownfield Cleanup Program application filed with the state DEC; contamination found in an environmental assessment of the former arms plant", "developer": "Turin Hoefler Avenue LLC", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Turin Hoefler Avenue LLC proposes converting part of the former Remington Arms plant at 14 Hoefler Avenue in Ilion into AI data centers, after the 207-year-old gun factory closed in March 2024 and the 32-acre, 1.1-million-square-foot complex changed hands. Reporting describes two 250,000-square-foot data centers on Sites C and E totaling about 200 megawatts, with a substation planned on Site D and some existing buildings demolished, at an estimated cost of $2 billion to $3 billion. The developer has filed a Brownfield Cleanup Program application with the state Department of Environmental Conservation; an environmental assessment found contamination at the site.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 200, "unit": "MW", "note": "combined across the two proposed buildings", "source": "s1", "quote": "Total capacity: 200 MW" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 500000, "note": "two data centers of 250,000 sq ft each, on Sites C and E within a 1.1 million sq ft complex", "source": "s1", "quote": "Two 250,000 sq ft data centers (Sites C and E)" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 2, "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 32, "source": "s1", "quote": "Site size: 32 acres" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 2500000000, "note": "reported estimate of $2 billion to $3 billion", "source": "s1", "quote": "$2-3 billion (estimated)" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Former Remington Arms manufacturing plant, 14 Hoefler Avenue, Ilion", "source": "s1", "quote": "14 Hoefler Avenue" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Brownfield Cleanup Program application filed with the New York State DEC", "source": "s1", "quote": "Brownfield Cleanup Program (BCP) application filed with New York Department of Environmental Conservation" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-12", "event": "Remington announces it will close the Ilion plant, ending more than two centuries of arms manufacturing in the village", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2024-03", "event": "Remington Arms closes the Ilion factory, which employed about 300 people; the property is later sold to Turin Hoefler Avenue LLC", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-04", "event": "An environmental assessment of the Remington Arms site finds contamination", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-04-20", "event": "Reporting describes plans for two 250,000 sq ft data centers totaling 200 MW on the former plant site, with an online petition against the proposal gathering more than 150 signatures", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-07-14", "event": "Gov. Kathy Hochul signs Executive Order No. 62, pausing state DEC permits for data centers of 50 MW or more", "source": "s5" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "An environmental assessment of the former arms plant found contamination, and the developer has entered the state Brownfield Cleanup Program (s1, s3)", "A local online petition opposing the proposal had gathered more than 150 signatures by April 2026 (s1)", "The closure of the Remington plant in March 2024 cost the village roughly 300 jobs, which frames the local economic argument for reuse (s1, s4)", "At 200 MW the project falls above the 50 MW threshold in the July 2026 state executive order pausing DEC permits (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Former Remington gun factory in New York set to become 200MW data center", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/former-remington-gun-factory-in-new-york-set-to-become-200mw-data-center/", "date": "2026-04-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "250,000-square-foot AI data center planned for Ilion's Remington Site C", "publisher": "WKTV", "url": "https://www.wktv.com/news/focus-economy/250-000-square-foot-ai-data-center-planned-for-ilions-remington-site-c/article_ebf3d79e-aeb4-4033-8b0c-558a3749c42e.html", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Remington Arms environmental assessment finds contamination", "publisher": "New York Almanack", "url": "https://www.newyorkalmanack.com/2026/04/remington-arms-contamination/", "date": "2026-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Remington to close Ilion facility in March", "publisher": "WAMC Northeast Public Radio", "url": "https://www.wamc.org/news/2023-12-01/remington-to-close-ilion-facility-in-march", "date": "2023-12-01", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Executive Order No. 62: Establishing a Temporary Moratorium on Data Centers in New York", "publisher": "Office of the Governor of New York", "url": "https://www.governor.ny.gov/executive-order/no-62-establishing-temporary-moratorium-data-centers-new-york-while-state-develops", "date": "2026-07-14", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Proposed data center planned for former Remington site in Ilion", "publisher": "Rome Sentinel", "url": "https://www.romesentinel.com/news/proposed-data-center-planned-for-former-remington-site-in-ilion/article_73ca88c1-0e36-4aa6-8f16-f48888450aee.html", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "wf-industrial-yaphank-ny", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/wf-industrial-yaphank-ny", "name": "WF Industrial Yaphank Data Center", "aka": [ "Wildflower Yaphank data center", "Brookhaven Logistics Center" ], "city": "Yaphank", "county": "Suffolk County", "state": "NY", "lat": 40.8376, "lng": -72.9176, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "No application had been filed with the Town of Brookhaven; a state executive order and an 18-month town moratorium adopted in July 2026 both block approval", "developer": "WF Industrial (Wildflower Ltd)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Wildflower Ltd, through its WF Industrial arm, proposes converting three vacant warehouses it built near the Long Island Expressway in Yaphank into an AI data center drawing up to 176.6 megawatts from the LIPA grid. The roughly $1 billion project would occupy about 549,000 square feet on a 71-acre site roughly 1,000 feet from homes. It drew sustained opposition from residents and from Brookhaven Supervisor Dan Panico, and after a public hearing that ran nearly six hours on July 16, 2026, the Town Board unanimously adopted an 18-month moratorium on data centers. Gov. Kathy Hochul's July 14, 2026 executive order separately paused state permits for data centers of 50 megawatts or more. As of the town's action, no formal application had been filed.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 176.6, "unit": "MW", "note": "stated demand from the LIPA grid at full build-out", "source": "s5", "quote": "Up to 176.6 megawatts from LIPA grid" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 549000, "note": "three existing warehouse buildings to be converted", "source": "s5", "quote": "549,000 square feet on 71 acres" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 71, "source": "s5", "quote": "549,000 square feet on 71 acres" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 3, "note": "existing vacant warehouses", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1000000000, "source": "s3", "quote": "more than $1 billion" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "LIPA (Long Island Power Authority)", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "nearest_residence", "value": "approximately 1,000 feet", "source": "s5", "quote": "approximately 1,000 feet from residences" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1000, "note": "developer figure", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Closed-loop system; developer says rainwater collection would supply it", "source": "s5", "quote": "would consume no more water than the trucking warehouses previously approved for the site" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 700000, "note": "one-time fill of the cooling system, not daily use, per town reporting", "source": "s3", "quote": "about 700,000 gallons" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Existing 12-year PILOT from the Brookhaven IDA on the 2023 warehouse project, starting at $40,448 and rising to $2.11 million a year", "source": "s7", "quote": "12-year payment-in-lieu-of-taxes agreement" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-04", "event": "Brookhaven IDA approves benefits for Wildflower's $162 million Brookhaven Logistics Center, three industrial buildings totaling about 550,000 sq ft west of Sills Road on the LIE north service road", "source": "s7", "quote": "West of Sills Road on the north side of Long Island Expressway North Service Road, Yaphank" }, { "date": "2026-05-26", "event": "News12 reports an AI-generated flyer sparking concern over a possible Brookhaven data center proposal.", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-05-27", "event": "An AI-generated flyer circulating on Long Island sparks confusion and concern about a possible Brookhaven data center proposal", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-06-25", "event": "The proposal draws opposition from residents and from Town Supervisor Dan Panico, who proposes an 18-month moratorium and says he has support from other Suffolk town supervisors", "source": "s2", "quote": "an 18-month moratorium" }, { "date": "2026-07-14", "event": "Gov. Kathy Hochul signs Executive Order No. 62, pausing state DEC permits for data centers of 50 MW or more", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-07-16", "event": "Brookhaven Town Board public hearing on the moratorium runs nearly six hours, with about 300 attending and some 60 speaking against data centers", "source": "s3", "quote": "ran nearly six hours" }, { "date": "2026-07-17", "event": "Brookhaven Town Board votes unanimously for an 18-month moratorium on data centers, running to early 2028 while the town writes zoning rules defining data center use", "source": "s4" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "No formal application for the data center had been filed with the Town of Brookhaven as of the moratorium vote; the town's code does not define data center use (s3, s5)", "Residents raised electricity, water and noise concerns; the site sits about 1,000 feet from homes (s2, s5)", "The Suffolk County Water Authority said it could not assess impacts because no application had been submitted (s2)", "LIPA said it does not anticipate any issues serving the project's proposed load (s2)", "Town reporting put the property tax change at $1.8 million to $40 million a year, with about $30 million going to the Longwood Central School District (s3)", "Two moratoria now apply: Brookhaven's 18-month town moratorium and the state executive order covering data centers of 50 MW or more (s4, s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "AI-generated flyer sparks confusion, concern over possible Brookhaven AI data center proposal", "publisher": "News 12 Long Island", "url": "https://longisland.news12.com/2026/05/27/ai-generated-flyer-sparks-confusion-concern-over-possible-brookhaven-ai-data-center-proposal/4prcIwVzum96OPbolCLPu5", "date": "2026-05-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Proposed AI data center in Yaphank meets opposition from residents and town leaders", "publisher": "News 12 Long Island", "url": "https://longisland.news12.com/2026/06/26/proposed-ai-data-center-in-yaphank-meets-opposition-from-residents-and-town-leaders/4dG9mouCvXwvgvC6Mjsvkr", "date": "2026-06-25", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Brookhaven approves 18-month data center moratorium after marathon hearing", "publisher": "Fire Island News", "url": "https://www.fireislandnews.com/suffolk-county/brookhaven-approves-18-month-data-center-moratorium-after-marathon-hearing/", "date": "2026-07-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Brookhaven Town Board approves 18-month moratorium on AI data centers", "publisher": "News 12 Long Island", "url": "https://longisland.news12.com/2026/07/17/brookhaven-votes-on-18-month-ai-data-center-moratorium/6YkzeNccge6U6eW4JZQqBv", "date": "2026-07-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "State and town moratoriums halt proposed Yaphank data center", "publisher": "The South Shore Press", "url": "https://www.southshorepress.com/local/state-and-town-moratoriums-halt-proposed-yaphank-data-center-39f5572d", "date": "2026-07-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Executive Order No. 62: Establishing a Temporary Moratorium on Data Centers in New York", "publisher": "Office of the Governor of New York", "url": "https://www.governor.ny.gov/executive-order/no-62-establishing-temporary-moratorium-data-centers-new-york-while-state-develops", "date": "2026-07-14", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "$162M Yaphank warehouse project gets IDA assist", "publisher": "Long Island Business News, via Wildflower Ltd", "url": "https://www.wildflowerltd.com/press/162m-yaphank-warehouse-project-gets-ida-assist", "date": "2023-04-05", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Local and state moratoria puts $1bn Long Island data center project in limbo", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/local-and-state-moratoria-puts-1bn-long-island-data-center-project-in-limbo/", "date": "2026-07-20", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "qts-richmond-henrico-county-va", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/qts-richmond-henrico-county-va", "name": "QTS Richmond campus expansion (RIC4 and RIC5)", "aka": [ "QTS Richmond Technology Park", "White Oak Technology Park" ], "city": "Sandston", "county": "Henrico County", "state": "VA", "lat": 37.505019, "lng": -77.259867, "coordPrecision": "site", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Henrico development plan approvals received for RIC4 and RIC5; federal wetland permitting under way for part of RIC5", "developer": "QTS", "endUsers": [], "summary": "QTS is expanding its data center hub at White Oak Technology Park in eastern Henrico County with two campuses, RIC4 (up to 10 data centers on a 478-acre site) and RIC5 (up to seven data centers on a 622-acre site), adding 1,100 acres to its footprint. QTS has received development plan approvals from Henrico and has applied to Virginia DEQ to permit 370 diesel-fired emergency generators. Part of RIC5 is a FAST-41 covered project requiring U.S. Army Corps of Engineers review for wetland impacts.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 1100, "note": "combined RIC4 and RIC5 expansion", "source": "s1", "quote": "QTS is moving forward with two campus expansions that would add 1,100 acres to its footprint in Varina." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 17, "note": "new data centers across RIC4 and RIC5", "source": "s2", "quote": "QTS is moving forward with plans that would add 17 data centers across that site and another sizeable tract near its Richmond homebase at White Oak Technology Park." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 26, "note": "overall QTS campus when completed", "source": "s1", "quote": "Once completed, QTS's overall campus is planned to total 26 buildings" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 7, "note": "RIC5, up to seven data centers on 236 developed acres of a 622-acre site", "source": "s1", "quote": "RIC5 could consist of as many as seven data centers. The buildings and other development would fill 236 acres of the 622-acre site" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 10, "note": "RIC4, up to 10 data centers on 127 developed acres of a 478-acre site", "source": "s1", "quote": "RIC4 is approved to consist of as many as 10 data centers. The development would fill 127 acres of the 478-acre site" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 110, "note": "existing QTS Richmond facility at 6000 Technology Blvd (former Qimonda semiconductor plant), three buildings, 1.3 million sq ft", "source": "s4", "quote": "That facility currently spans 1.3 million sq ft (120,800 sqm) and offers 110MW of capacity across three buildings." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "370 diesel-fired emergency generators (DEQ application)", "source": "s1", "quote": "The company has submitted an application to the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality to permit 370 diesel-fired emergency generators" }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "Application submitted to Virginia DEQ for 370 diesel-fired emergency generators", "source": "s1", "quote": "The company has submitted an application to the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality to permit 370 diesel-fired emergency generators" }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "U.S. Army Corps of Engineers individual permit review (FAST-41) for RIC5 expansion; 4.48 acres of forested wetland impact proposed for DC5", "source": "s3", "quote": "4.48-acres of PFO wetland impact" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": "well exceeding $200 million", "note": "RIC5 expansion portion (DC4-6) per federal permitting dashboard", "source": "s3", "quote": "The project's total capital investment will well exceed $200 million." }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Construction start targeted by January 2028 (RIC5 DC4-6)", "source": "s3", "quote": "QTS hopes to begin construction by January 2028." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Henrico development plan approvals for RIC4 and RIC5", "source": "s1", "quote": "QTS has received development plan approvals from Henrico for that project, referred to as RIC5, as well as another campus, RIC4" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-04", "event": "QTS buys the RIC4 land from the Henrico Economic Development Authority for $43.8 million", "source": "s1", "quote": "QTS purchased the land for RIC4 from the Henrico Economic Development Authority for $43.8 million in April 2024" }, { "date": "2026-05-18", "event": "QTS's plans for 17 new data centers across RIC4 and RIC5 are reported", "source": "s2", "quote": "QTS is moving forward with plans that would add 17 data centers across that site and another sizeable tract near its Richmond homebase at White Oak Technology Park." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Proposed RIC5 expansion would impact forested wetlands, requiring federal review (s3, s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Data center giant QTS progressing on 1,100-acre expansion that would add 17 buildings to its Henrico hub", "publisher": "Richmond BizSense", "url": "https://richmondbizsense.com/2026/05/18/data-center-giant-qts-preparing-1100-acre-expansion-that-would-add-17-buildings-to-its-henrico-hub/", "date": "2026-05-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Company looks to add 17 data center buildings to Henrico hub", "publisher": "WTVR CBS 6 (Richmond BizSense)", "url": "https://www.wtvr.com/news/local-news/henrico-county/qts-data-center-expansion-may-18-2026", "date": "2026-05-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "FAST-41 Covered Projects Postings by Agencies for QTS Richmond Technology Park Data Center 5 (RIC5)", "publisher": "Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council (Permitting Dashboard)", "url": "https://www.permits.performance.gov/fast-41-covered-projects-postings-agencies-qts-richmond-technology-park-data-center-5-ric5", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "QTS files to expand Richmond data center campus in Virginia", "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/qts-files-to-expand-richmond-data-center-campus-in-virginia/", "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "quiet-data-centers-halifax-county-nc", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/quiet-data-centers-halifax-county-nc", "name": "Quiet Data Centers, Trestle Road", "aka": [], "city": "Enfield", "county": "Halifax County", "state": "NC", "lat": 36.183547, "lng": -77.644602, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Economic development and land purchase agreements signed December 2025; an amended agreement failed 3-3 on Sept. 8, 2026, then passed 5-1 later in September, the Daily Herald reports", "developer": "Quiet Data Centers (Quiet Data Centers Halifax Inc.)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Halifax County agreed in December 2025 to sell its US 301 industrial site near Enfield, about 251 acres off Trestle Road, to Quiet Data Centers Halifax Inc. for $1.7 million for a small-scale enterprise data center, with the company committing to a minimum $250 million investment and at least 50 full-time jobs. The county says the project will use a sealed cooling loop; commissioners split 3-3 on Sept. 8, 2026 on an amended agreement, and the Daily Herald reported a 5-1 approval later that month.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 251, "source": "s3", "quote": "concerns approximately 251 acres off Trestle Road in Enfield Township, where Quiet Data Centers intends to locate a fixed data center." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 250000000, "note": "minimum private capital investment required under the economic development agreement", "source": "s2", "quote": "The EDA requires a minimum private capital investment of $250 million by the company and a commitment to create at least 50 new full-time jobs." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 50, "note": "minimum required under the economic development agreement", "source": "s2", "quote": "The EDA requires a minimum private capital investment of $250 million by the company and a commitment to create at least 50 new full-time jobs." }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 88, "unit": "MW", "note": "maximum demand the company has stated, as cited by Commissioner Gary Redding", "source": "s3", "quote": "The company is saying that the maximum demand will be 88 megawatts, and we don't know how that's going to be measured" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 3000, "note": "company estimate, as cited by Commissioner Gary Redding", "source": "s3", "quote": "Redding also pointed to the company's estimate that the facility would use approximately 3,000 gallons of water per day." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Sealed cooling loop (closed circuit reusing the same water)", "note": "county description; the proposed amended agreement would require a closed-loop or reclaimed water system and prohibit evaporative cooling (s3)", "source": "s2", "quote": "this project uses a sealed cooling loop, a closed circuit that reuses the same water repeatedly instead of evaporating it." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Heavy Industrial", "source": "s2", "quote": "The site is zoned Heavy Industrial and is surrounded by a natural wetlands buffer." }, { "field": "nearest_residence", "value": "approximately 800 feet", "source": "s2", "quote": "The nearest residence is approximately 800 feet from the site, and the nearest public road is approximately 2,500 feet away." }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Operational deadline 36 months from the date of the original December 2025 agreement", "note": "the proposed (not adopted) amendment would have started the 36 months at closing on the property", "source": "s3", "quote": "The original agreement tied the deadline to 36 months from the date of that agreement." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-11-03", "event": "Halifax County Board of Commissioners holds the required public hearing before authorizing the economic development and land purchase agreements", "source": "s2", "quote": "The Board of Commissioners authorized execution of these agreements after holding a required public hearing on November 3, 2025." }, { "date": "2025-12-17", "event": "Halifax County enters into an economic development agreement with Quiet Data Centers Halifax Inc. covering a small-scale enterprise data center to be developed at its US 301 industrial site near Enfield", "source": "s2", "quote": "On December 17, 2025, Halifax County entered into an economic development agreement with QDCH regarding the development of a small-scale enterprise data center at the county's US 301 industrial site near Enfield." }, { "date": "2025-12-17", "event": "County executes a land purchase agreement to sell the site to the company for $1.7 million without public bidding", "source": "s2", "quote": "sell the US 301 industrial site to the company for $1.7 million, which the Board of Commissioners determined to be fair market value, without public bidding, under the terms of a separate land purchase agreement executed by the County on the same date." }, { "date": "2026-08-17", "event": "With the company permitting disclosure, the county releases project details ahead of an Aug. 25 special meeting for the public to hear about the project", "source": "s2", "quote": "With the company now permitting public disclosure of the project, the Board is releasing this information in advance of the August 25 special meeting, so residents have an opportunity to learn more about the project and prepare questions before the meeting." }, { "date": "2026-09", "event": "Halifax County commissioners approve the amended economic development agreement 5-1, the Daily Herald reports", "source": "s4", "quote": "Commissioners approve amended Quiet Data Centers agreement in 5-1 vote" }, { "date": "2026-09-08", "event": "Commissioners split 3-3 on a resolution approving an amended economic development agreement, so the amendments are not adopted", "source": "s3", "quote": "Halifax County commissioners split 3-3 Tuesday on a resolution that would have approved an amended economic development agreement for a proposed data center near Enfield, leaving the proposed changes without board approval." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The county kept the project confidential during the company's due diligence under the terms of the agreements (s2)", "Commissioner Gary Redding questioned how the stated 88 MW demand and 3,000 gallons a day of water use would be monitored and asked about noise, generators, future expansion and a community benefits agreement (s3)", "The proposed amendment would add Project Halifax LLC, a Wyoming company, which would own the land while Quiet Data Centers owns and operates the data center, according to the county's agenda report (s3)", "The county attorney said the county could face legal action, including a suit for specific performance, if it refused to complete the sale; a Sept. 18 closing deadline was approaching (s3)", "The county says utility officials indicated residential customers are not expected to see higher electric bills and that the company will pay for the electrical infrastructure serving the project (s2)", "The county estimates about $1,750,000 a year in property tax revenue and $250,000 a year for Halifax County Schools (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Data center debate: Here's how each county in central NC is handling data center development plans", "publisher": "WRAL", "url": "https://www.wral.com/news/local/central-north-carolina-data-center-plans-april-2026/", "date": "2026-04-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Notice of special meeting: Halifax County Board of Commissioners, Tuesday, Aug. 25, 2026", "publisher": "Halifax County Board of Commissioners, via RRSpin", "url": "https://rrspin.com/county-page/29276-notice-of-special-meeting-halifax-county-board-of-commissioners-tuesday-aug-25-2026.html", "date": "2026-08-17", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Data center amendments fail on 3-3 commissioners' vote", "publisher": "The Daily Herald (Roanoke Rapids)", "url": "https://www.rrdailyherald.com/news/local/data-center-amendments-fail-on-3-3-commissioners-vote/article_82ffdaa1-da2d-5a5a-9ec8-c80b24e9b40b.html", "date": "2026-09-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Commissioners approve amended Quiet Data Centers agreement in 5-1 vote", "publisher": "The Daily Herald (Roanoke Rapids)", "url": "https://www.rrdailyherald.com/news/local/commissioners-approve-amended-quiet-data-centers-agreement-in-5-1-vote/article_45eab4a3-306a-5058-85b9-d367794b2b0d.html", "date": "2026-09-15", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-24" }, { "slug": "nsa-utah-data-center-bluffdale-ut", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/nsa-utah-data-center-bluffdale-ut", "name": "Utah Data Center", "aka": [ "NSA Utah Data Center", "Community Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative Data Center" ], "city": "Bluffdale", "county": "Utah County", "state": "UT", "lat": 40.4733, "lng": -111.9444, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "operating", "statusNote": "Federal facility at Camp Williams; Bluffdale water records show rising use in 2014", "developer": "National Security Agency (construction agent: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "The Utah Data Center is a National Security Agency facility at the Utah National Guard's Camp Williams near Bluffdale, built with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as construction agent; ground was broken on Jan. 6, 2011. Plans called for roughly 1 million sq ft of enclosed space, 100,000 sq ft of it computer space, on a 240-acre site, and the Army Corps estimated the facility would require 65 megawatts of electricity. Bluffdale built the center a $3 million water-delivery system, and city records show more water went into the facility in 2014 than in previous years.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1200000000, "note": "$1.2 billion as stated at the 2011 groundbreaking", "source": "s1", "quote": "Groundbreaking Ceremony Held for $1.2 Billion Utah Data Center" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1500000000, "note": "differing figure: $1.5 billion construction, as stated by an official quoted in the Salt Lake Tribune in 2013", "source": "s5", "quote": "Long-term stability in the utility rates was a major factor in Utah being selected as our site for our $1.5 billion construction at Camp Williams." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 1000000, "note": "roughly 1 million sq ft of enclosed space, of which 100,000 sq ft is computer space", "source": "s2", "quote": "The center will consist of multiple buildings providing approximately 1 million sq ft of enclosed space, including 100,000 sq ft of computer space devoted to filtering and detecting threats to the nation's cyber security." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 1500000, "note": "differing figure reported by NPR in 2013", "source": "s7", "quote": "The $1.2 billion complex covers 1.5 million square feet, and includes 100,000 square feet devoted solely to computers and servers." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 240, "note": "construction site at Camp Williams", "source": "s2", "quote": "Construction on the nation's first data security center for the National Security Agency officially launched with a groundbreaking Jan. 6 on a 240-acre site at the Utah National Guard's Camp Williams facility about 35 miles southwest of Salt Lake City." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 235, "note": "MIDA Utah Data Center Project Area", "source": "s3", "quote": "235 acres at Camp Williams" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 65, "unit": "MW", "note": "U.S. Army Corps of Engineers estimate of electricity required", "source": "s5", "quote": "The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has estimated the NSA facility will require 65 megawatts of electricity to run its equipment around the clock, which would put its annual power bill at about $18 million." }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Dedicated 65 MW power substation", "source": "s2", "quote": "Kiewit Federal will remain at the site working on a $25-million contract to build the 65 MW power substation." }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 1700000, "note": "maximum projected requirement ('as many as')", "source": "s6", "quote": "The NSA data center in Bluffdale could require as many as 1.7 million gallons of water per day to operate and keep computers cool." }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 1200000, "note": "planned figure later reduced from 1.7 million gallons a day, per Bluffdale City Council minutes", "source": "s9", "quote": "Bluffdale City Council minutes indicate that figure was later reduced to 1.2 million gallons a day." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "municipal (City of Bluffdale water-delivery system)", "source": "s9", "quote": "Bluffdale built a $3 million water-delivery system for the center." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": "100 to 200", "note": "range as stated", "source": "s1", "quote": "100 to 200 permanent, high-paid employees" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": "5,000 to 10,000", "note": "range as stated", "source": "s1", "quote": "5,000 to 10,000 new jobs during the construction and development phase" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "October 2013", "note": "original planned completion", "source": "s2", "quote": "Known officially as the Community Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative Data Center or the Utah Data Center, the project is planned for completion in October 2013." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2010-03", "event": "Utah Military Installation Development Authority (MIDA) creates the Utah Data Center Project Area", "source": "s3", "quote": "MIDA created the Utah Data Center Project Area in March 2010" }, { "date": "2011-01-06", "event": "Groundbreaking held at Camp Williams", "source": "s2", "quote": "Construction on the nation's first data security center for the National Security Agency officially launched with a groundbreaking Jan. 6 on a 240-acre site at the Utah National Guard's Camp Williams facility" }, { "date": "2011-03", "event": "Bluffdale City Council unanimously adopts annexation plan encompassing the data center and Camp Williams", "source": "s4", "quote": "The City Council unanimously adopted an annexation plan" }, { "date": "2013-10-08", "event": "NSA says failures that occurred during testing have been mitigated, after reports of electrical surges", "source": "s7", "quote": "\"The failures that occurred during testing have been mitigated,\" says NSA spokeswoman Vanee' Vines." }, { "date": "2014-08", "event": "Bluffdale records show the facility's monthly water usage peaked at 6.6 million gallons", "source": "s9", "quote": "Records provided by Bluffdale show Data Center water usage spiked to 6.6 million gallons during August." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The Wall Street Journal reported 10 electrical 'meltdowns' and power surges over 13 months during testing, and that backup generators failed numerous tests (s7)", "Water records showed the facility paying minimum 'take or pay' charges for water it was not using (s8, s9)", "State officials discussed exempting the facility from a MIDA tax on electricity use of up to 6 percent authorized by HB325 (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Groundbreaking Ceremony Held for $1.2 Billion Utah Data Center", "publisher": "National Security Agency/Central Security Service", "url": "https://www.nsa.gov/Press-Room/Press-Releases-Statements/Press-Release-View/Article/1630552/groundbreaking-ceremony-held-for-12-billion-utah-data-center/", "date": "2011-01-06", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Construction of National Cyber Security Center Gets Under Way in Utah", "publisher": "Engineering News-Record", "url": "https://www.enr.com/articles/22326-construction-of-national-cyber-security-center-gets-under-way-in-utah", "date": "2011-01-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Utah Data Center Project Area", "publisher": "Military Installation Development Authority (MIDA)", "url": "https://www.midaut.org/utah-data-center-project-area", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Bluffdale OKs plans to annex NSA data center", "publisher": "The Salt Lake Tribune", "url": "https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=51391693&itype=CMSID", "date": "2011-03-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Utah moving to exempt NSA Data Center from tax", "publisher": "The Salt Lake Tribune", "url": "https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=56677051&itype=CMSID", "date": "2013-08-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "New Utah NSA center requires 1.7M gallons of water daily to operate", "publisher": "KSL.com", "url": "https://www.ksl.com/article/25978926/new-utah-nsa-center-requires-17m-gallons-of-water-daily-to-operate", "date": "2013-07-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "NSA Says It Has 'Mitigated' Meltdowns At Utah Data Farm", "publisher": "NPR", "url": "https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2013/10/08/230520905/nsa-says-it-has-mitigated-meltdowns-at-utah-data-farm", "date": "2013-10-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "NSA Data Center's Water Use Pattern Indicates Economization", "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge", "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/data-center-construction/nsa-data-center-s-water-use-pattern-indicates-economization", "date": "2014-05-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "NSA Utah Data Center using more water", "publisher": "The Salt Lake Tribune", "url": "https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=2118801&itype=CMSID", "date": "2015-02-02", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "blueprint-taylor-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/blueprint-taylor-tx", "name": "Blueprint Taylor Data Center", "aka": [ "Blueprint Projects Data Center", "Blueprint Taylor DC" ], "city": "Taylor", "county": "Williamson County", "state": "TX", "lat": 30.5708, "lng": -97.4094, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "City Council approved the Employment Center Plan in July 2025; residents' appeal is pending and the Texas Attorney General opened an investigation into the land deal in September 2026", "developer": "Blueprint Data Centers (NCP Travis TPP Project, LLC)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Blueprint is planning a 135,000-square-foot, three-building data center on a 52-acre parcel in southeast Taylor. The land had been conveyed in 1999 to be held in trust as future parkland; the Taylor Economic Development Corporation sold it to the developer for $10,000,000 on April 11, 2025. The City Council approved the project's Employment Center Plan unanimously on July 24, 2025. Residents are appealing the October 2025 dismissal of their lawsuit over the land, and Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton opened an investigation into the deal on Sept. 17, 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 60, "unit": "MW", "note": "ultimate target; initial power agreement with Oncor for 30MW", "source": "s2", "quote": "has a power agreement with Oncor for 30MW of power. Ultimately, the data center hopes to reach 60MW" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 135000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s1", "quote": "135,000 square foot data center" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 3, "source": "s1", "quote": "three buildings, an electricity substation to power it, backup power generators, and a closed-loop cooling system" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 52, "unit": "acres", "source": "s2", "quote": "The data center will be located on a 52-acre parcel at 1601 Martin Luther King Jr. Drive in Taylor" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1000000000, "note": "three phases", "source": "s1", "quote": "three phases with a total investment of $1 billion" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": "20-30", "note": "range: between 20 and 30 jobs", "source": "s2", "quote": "for the data center to create between 20 and 30 jobs" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "source": "s1", "quote": "three buildings, an electricity substation to power it, backup power generators, and a closed-loop cooling system" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Electric grid, via an on-site electricity substation", "source": "s1", "quote": "The project will be connected to the electric grid for power supply." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Oncor", "note": "power agreement for 30MW", "source": "s2", "quote": "has a power agreement with Oncor for 30MW of power" }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "backup power generators", "source": "s1", "quote": "three buildings, an electricity substation to power it, backup power generators, and a closed-loop cooling system" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Chapter 380 Economic Development Agreement with BPP Projects LLC, authorized by City Council August 8, 2024", "source": "s1", "quote": "Taylor City Council authorized a Chapter 380 Economic Development Agreement with BPP Projects LLC | August 8, 2024" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Taylor City Council approved the Employment Center Plan unanimously on July 24, 2025", "source": "s2", "quote": "received unanimous approval from the council on July 24" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Designated Employment Center on the future land use map", "source": "s1", "quote": "the property in question was designated employment center in the future land use map" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Energized by 2027", "source": "s3", "quote": "The project planned for Taylor is expected to have a capacity of 60 megawatts and will be energized by 2027." }, { "field": "abatement_years", "value": 10, "note": "50% property tax rebate for 10 years on each of the three construction phases, from the City Council and the Taylor EDC", "source": "s7", "quote": "The Taylor City Council and the EDC are giving Blueprint a 50% rebate on property taxes for 10 years on each of the three phases of construction for the $1 billion project." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "1999", "event": "Bonnibel Bland Cromwell and relatives convey the roughly 87-acre tract to the Texas Parks and Recreation Foundation", "source": "s3", "quote": "The roughly 87 acres were sold by Bonnibel Bland Cromwell and her relatives in 1999 to the Texas Parks and Recreation Foundation." }, { "date": "2024-01-10", "event": "Taylor City Council discusses the Blueprint data center project and incentives in executive session (no action).", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2024-08-02", "event": "Taylor EDC approves agreement with BPP Projects LLC", "source": "s1", "quote": "Taylor EDC Agreement with BPP Projects LLC | August 2, 2024" }, { "date": "2024-08-08", "event": "City Council authorizes a Chapter 380 Economic Development Agreement with BPP Projects LLC", "source": "s1", "quote": "Taylor City Council authorized a Chapter 380 Economic Development Agreement with BPP Projects LLC | August 8, 2024" }, { "date": "2025-04-11", "event": "Taylor EDC sells the property to the developer for $10,000,000", "source": "s1", "quote": "Property sold to developer for $10,000,000 by the EDC. | April 11, 2025" }, { "date": "2025-06-10", "event": "Planning & Zoning Commission holds public hearing on the Employment Center Plan", "source": "s1", "quote": "Employment Center Plan P&Z public hearing | June 10, 2025" }, { "date": "2025-07-24", "event": "City Council approves the Employment Center Plan", "source": "s1", "quote": "Employment Center Plan City Council Approval | July 24, 2025" }, { "date": "2025-10-08", "event": "Judge Ryan Larson of the 395th District Court dismisses neighbors' lawsuit over the parkland deed", "source": "s10", "quote": "Judge Ryan Larson granted Blueprint's motion to dismiss the case, agreeing with the company that the residents lack standing in the matter." }, { "date": "2025-12-19", "event": "Appeal by residents against NCP Travis TPP Project, LLC is pending before the Fifteenth Court of Appeals", "source": "s6", "quote": "On Appeal from the 395th District Court Williamson County, Texas No. 25-1957-C395" }, { "date": "2026-07-09", "event": "City of Taylor determines a citizen petition to restrict new data centers cannot go on the ballot because, under Texas law, zoning cannot be changed by popular vote", "source": "s8", "quote": "Instead, just minutes after the meeting began, the city announced on social media that, after certifying the petition signatures and consulting outside legal counsel, it determined the measure cannot move forward through the initiative process or be placed on the ballot because Texas law does not allow zoning changes by popular vote." }, { "date": "2026-09-17", "event": "Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton launches an investigation into the land deal", "source": "s9", "quote": "Attorney General Ken Paxton launched an investigation into the proposed development of an AI data center in Taylor, Texas on land conveyed more than 25 years ago for use as public parkland in the future." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Pamela Griffin, et al. v. NCP Travis TPP Project, LLC", "court": "395th District Court, Williamson County, Texas; on appeal to the Fifteenth Court of Appeals (No. 15-25-00202-CV)", "filed": "2025", "status": "appealed", "summary": "Five neighbors sued to stop commercial development on land deeded in 1999 to be held in trust as parkland; the district court dismissed the suit for lack of standing on Oct. 8, 2025, and the residents appealed.", "source": "s10", "quote": "Judge Ryan Larson granted Blueprint's motion to dismiss the case, agreeing with the company that the residents lack standing in the matter." } ], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about noise, light pollution, electromagnetic fields, water and air pollution (s4)", "The Halt Taylor Data Center Coalition delivered a citizen ordinance and petition to the City Council; FOX 7 reported 14,000 signatures and CBS Austin about 1,400, and the city ruled in July 2026 that the measure could not go on the ballot (s4, s8)", "Residents say the land was given to be held in trust for parkland; the Attorney General says he will seek court intervention if the property is subject to a charitable trust (s3, s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Blueprint Projects Data Center", "publisher": "City of Taylor, TX", "url": "https://taylortx.gov/1293/Blueprint-Projects-Data-Center", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Blueprint Projects gets greenlight for data center in Taylor, Texas", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/blueprint-projects-gets-greenlight-for-data-center-in-taylor-texas/", "date": "2025-07-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Paxton Begins Investigation into Data Center Land Deal", "publisher": "Texas Scorecard", "url": "https://texasscorecard.com/local/paxton-begins-investigation-into-planned-data-center-in-taylor/", "date": "2026-09-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Proposed data center in Taylor draws pushback from community", "publisher": "FOX 7 Austin", "url": "https://www.fox7austin.com/news/proposed-data-center-taylor-draws-pushback-from-community", "date": "2026-06-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Texas Family Donated Land for a Park—Now a Data Center Is Being Built on It", "publisher": "Newsweek", "url": "https://www.newsweek.com/donated-land-texas-park-1999-data-center-built-12095688", "date": "2026-06-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Pamela Griffin, et al. v. NCP Travis TPP Project, LLC (appellee's motion for extension, No. 15-25-00202-CV)", "publisher": "CourtListener", "url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/10762755/pamela-griffin-ralph-griffin-michelle-griffin-corey-griffin/", "date": "2025-12-19", "type": "court" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Judge rules in favor of data center", "publisher": "Taylor Press", "url": "https://www.taylorpress.net/article/10705,judge-rules-in-favor-of-data-center", "date": "2025-10-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Taylor petition to restrict new data centers ruled ineligible for ballot under Texas law", "publisher": "CBS Austin", "url": "https://cbsaustin.com/news/local/taylor-petition-to-restrict-new-data-centers-ruled-ineligible-for-ballot-under-texas-law", "date": "2026-07-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Attorney General Paxton Investigates AI Data Center Development in Taylor Over Potential Misuse of Land Conveyed Years Ago for Use as Parkland", "publisher": "Office of the Attorney General of Texas", "url": "https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/news/releases/attorney-general-paxton-investigates-ai-data-center-development-taylor-over-potential-misuse-land", "date": "2026-09-17", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Massive data center in Taylor will move forward, despite deed promising land would become park", "publisher": "KUT Radio", "url": "https://www.kut.org/energy-environment/2025-10-08/judge-dismissed-lawsuit-taylor-data-center-blueprint-texas", "date": "2025-10-08", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "deep-green-downtown-lansing-mi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/deep-green-downtown-lansing-mi", "name": "Deep Green Lansing data center", "aka": [ "Deep Green downtown Lansing data center" ], "city": "Lansing", "county": "Ingham County", "state": "MI", "lat": 42.7325, "lng": -84.5555, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "cancelled", "statusNote": "Deep Green withdrew its conditional rezoning request on April 6, 2026", "developer": "Deep Green", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Deep Green, in partnership with the Lansing Board of Water and Light, sought permission to build a 24-megawatt, $120 million data center at Cedar and Kalamazoo streets in downtown Lansing, with 16 megawatts to come from on-site fuel cells and waste heat to be supplied to the utility. The company withdrew its conditional rezoning request on April 6, 2026, and the council president said the proposal will not move forward.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 24, "unit": "MW", "source": "s1", "quote": "Developer Deep Green, in a partnership with Lansing's publicly owned utility, the Board of Water and Light, is seeking permission from the city to build a 24-megawatt data center at the corner of Cedar Street and Kalamazoo Street." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 120000000, "source": "s3", "quote": "For the $120 million project to have moved forward, five of eight council members needed to vote yes on a conditional rezoning." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 25000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s3", "quote": "two-story, 25,000-square-foot data center on four lots on Kalamazoo Street between Cedar and Larch streets" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Lansing Board of Water and Light", "source": "s1", "quote": "The facility would draw eight megawatts of its power from the Board of Water and Light's existing energy supply." }, { "field": "onsite_generation_mw", "value": 16, "unit": "MW", "source": "s1", "quote": "The remaining 16 megawatts would be generated through on-site fuel cells." }, { "field": "onsite_generation", "value": "natural gas fuel cells", "source": "s3", "quote": "two-thirds of the power for the 24-megawatt data center would come from natural gas fuel cells that would be built on site" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": "less than 500,000 gallons per year", "note": "annual figure stated by the CEO; no daily figure given", "source": "s1", "quote": "CEO Mark Lee told the Lansing City Council at its Feb. 9 meeting that the facility would use less than 500,000 gallons of water annually" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Up to $120,000 per year to the Board of Water and Light's Pennies for Power Program", "source": "s1", "quote": "up to $120,000 each year to the Board of Water and Light's Pennies for Power Program" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-02-09", "event": "Residents raise concerns about the proposal at a Lansing City Council public hearing", "source": "s2", "quote": "But Monday night, the optimism faced pushback as neighbors raised concerns during a public hearing at City Council." }, { "date": "2026-03", "event": "Lansing Planning Commission approves the proposal, sending it to City Council", "source": "s4", "quote": "the Lansing Planning Commission approved the proposal" }, { "date": "2026-04-06", "event": "Deep Green withdraws its conditional rezoning request", "source": "s3", "quote": "A proposed data center in downtown Lansing will not move forward after the company pulled its conditional rezoning request on Monday, April 6." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Neighbors at the February 2026 hearing raised concerns about limited community input before rezoning (s2)", "The company planned to capture waste heat and feed it back into Lansing's energy system (s2)", "Council President Peter Spadafore said the downtown proposal will not move forward (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Demystifying Deep Green's proposed data center near downtown Lansing", "publisher": "Michigan Advance", "url": "https://michiganadvance.com/2026/02/23/demystifying-deep-greens-proposed-data-center-near-downtown-lansing/", "date": "2026-02-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Deep Green data center proposal faces pushback at Lansing City Council", "publisher": "WILX", "url": "https://www.wilx.com/2026/02/10/deep-green-data-center-proposal-faces-pushback-lansing-city-council/", "date": "2026-02-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Deep Green withdraws rezoning request for data center. What we know", "publisher": "Lansing State Journal (via AOL)", "url": "https://www.aol.com/news/deep-green-withdraws-rezoning-request-193903102.html", "date": "2026-04-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Deep Green Data Center Advances in Lansing", "publisher": "Lansing Regional Chamber of Commerce", "url": "https://www.lansingchamber.org/2026/03/04/deep-green-data-center-advances-in-lansing/", "date": "2026-03-04", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Company behind Downtown Lansing data center project withdraws application, officials say", "publisher": "WILX", "url": "https://www.wilx.com/2026/04/06/company-behind-downtown-lansing-data-center-project-withdraws-application-city-council-president-says/", "date": "2026-04-06", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "hyperscale-data-dowagiac-mi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/hyperscale-data-dowagiac-mi", "name": "Hyperscale Data Dowagiac Campus", "aka": [ "Alliance Cloud Services Dowagiac" ], "city": "Dowagiac", "county": "Cass County", "state": "MI", "lat": 41.984, "lng": -86.1086, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "operating", "statusNote": "Runs cryptocurrency mining today; the company says it is shifting to AI computing. Neighbors have sued over noise (allegations, not findings).", "developer": "Alliance Cloud Services, LLC (subsidiary of Hyperscale Data, Inc.)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Alliance Cloud Services, a subsidiary of Hyperscale Data, Inc., runs a data center in Dowagiac, Michigan, that mines cryptocurrency and, the company says, will move to AI computing. In June 2026 it announced a 20 MW AI compute agreement and bought land that took the campus to 83 acres. A federal class action filed May 26, 2026 alleges the facility's cooling fans create a noise nuisance; the case was ongoing as of the June 26, 2026 report.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 83, "unit": "acres", "note": "campus after a 48.5-acre purchase announced June 2026; WSBT (Jul 13) describes a 40-acre purchase near Pine Lake", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "it_mw", "value": 20, "unit": "MW", "note": "AI compute under a master services agreement with an unnamed California neocloud provider, announced Jun 24, 2026", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 100000000, "note": "company plans to invest $100 million in the facility, per WSBT (council meeting Jul 13, 2026)", "source": "s2" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-05-26", "event": "Class action over facility noise filed in U.S. District Court, Western District of Michigan, against Alliance Cloud Services", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-06-24", "event": "Hyperscale Data announces a 20 MW AI compute agreement with an unnamed California neocloud provider", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-06-26", "event": "Company announces it bought 48.5 forested acres, taking the campus to 83 acres", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-07-13", "event": "Company officials address Dowagiac City Council; the city says recent sound readings exceed its decibel limits", "source": "s2" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The class action alleges noise from cooling fans and no sound barriers has reduced use and value of nearby properties; the company says it complies with decibel limits (s1, s2). These are allegations." ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Hyperscale data center to more than double its Dowagiac campus amid class action lawsuit", "publisher": "WWMT", "url": "https://wwmt.com/news/local/hyperscale-data-center-dowagiac-michigan-lawsuit-double-size-acres-acquire-land-noise-sue-ai-alliance-cloud-services-legal-class-action-wwmt", "date": "2026-06-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Dowagiac Hyperscale Data Center company addresses community and noise complaints", "publisher": "WSBT", "url": "https://wsbt.com/news/local/story/dowagiac-hyperscale-data-center-addresses-community-and-noise-complaints-data-center-ai-facility-bitcoin-crypto-michigan-meeting-city-council", "date": "2026-07-13", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-06" }, { "slug": "prime-powers-ferry-marietta-ga", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/prime-powers-ferry-marietta-ga", "name": "Powers Ferry Place Data Center", "aka": [ "1155 Powers Ferry Place" ], "city": "Marietta", "county": "Cobb County", "state": "GA", "lat": 33.9526, "lng": -84.5499, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Marietta City Council approved the zoning on Aug 12, 2026, per Atlanta News First.", "developer": "Prime Group Holdings (Prime Storage)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Prime Storage, a subsidiary of Prime Group Holdings, applied to convert part of its self-storage building at 1155 Powers Ferry Place in Marietta, Georgia, into an 18 MW data center on about 11 acres. The Planning Commission recommended it 4-3 and the City Council approved the zoning on Aug 12, 2026 after a contentious meeting. City staff noted the zoning code has no data-center-specific standards.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 18, "unit": "MW", "note": "proposed", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 11, "unit": "acres", "note": "about 11 acres, per Atlanta News First", "source": "s2" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-05-19", "event": "Prime Storage files the rezoning application for a data center at 1155 Powers Ferry Place", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-08-12", "event": "Marietta City Council approves the zoning for the data center", "source": "s2" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Speakers and reports raised noise, creek and floodplain impacts, and the lack of data-center standards in the city code (s1, s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Proposed data center on Powers Ferry Place in Marietta faces backlash", "publisher": "Atlanta Press Collective", "url": "https://atlpresscollective.com/2026/07/08/powers-ferry-road-marietta-data-center/", "date": "2026-07-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Marietta City Council approves zoning for second data center in heated meeting", "publisher": "Atlanta News First", "url": "https://www.atlantanewsfirst.com/2026/08/13/marietta-city-council-approves-zoning-second-data-center-heated-meeting/", "date": "2026-08-13", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-06" }, { "slug": "dc-blox-nashville-zoo-tn", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/dc-blox-nashville-zoo-tn", "name": "DC BLOX Nashville Data Center", "aka": [ "Nashville Zoo data center", "Grassmere Park data center" ], "city": "Nashville", "county": "Davidson County", "state": "TN", "lat": 36.087, "lng": -86.74, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Blocked by Metro moratorium through 2026-12-01; Metro authorized eminent domain; federal suit dismissed Oct 2026 with leave to amend (no later filing found)", "developer": "DC BLOX", "endUsers": [], "summary": "DC BLOX, based in Atlanta, plans a data center at 648 Grassmere Park, a 23-acre office park next to the Nashville Zoo that was previously used as a data center by tenant Asurion. NewsChannel 5 reported an original two-building plan of 10 MW and 40 MW; DC BLOX's project page now shows one 69,200 sq ft, 10 MW building. In July 2026 Metro Council adopted data center rules and a moratorium on permits, and in August it authorized acquiring the property by eminent domain. DC BLOX says it remains committed to the site and sued Metro in federal court.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 10, "unit": "MW", "note": "current single-building plan (DC BLOX page, s9); the earlier plan listed a 10 MW and a 40 MW building (s3, s1), which adds up to 50 MW (our sum; neither article states a total)", "source": "s9" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 69200, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "single-story; earlier plan added a second building (202,000 sq ft per WSMV, 261,000 sq ft per NewsChannel 5)", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 1, "note": "DC BLOX page now shows one building; earlier plan had two (s3)", "source": "s9" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 23, "unit": "acres", "note": "over 23 acres", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 380000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "DC BLOX page lists \"$380 Million+\" as a project estimate (s9); NewsChannel 5 reported $1.9 billion for the earlier two-building plan (s3)", "source": "s9" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop water recirculation (per DC BLOX)", "source": "s9" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "648 and 650 Grassmere Park Drive, Nashville (Parcel Number 13300013500), approximately 23.49 acres", "source": "s12", "quote": "The Property consists of approximately 23.49 acres at 648 and 650 Grassmere Park Drive in Nashville (Parcel Number 13300013500)." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "IWD (Industrial Warehousing/Distribution)", "note": "as stated in DC BLOX's complaint, before the 2026 data center zoning changes", "source": "s12", "quote": "The subject property is and was zoned IWD (Industrial Warehousing/Distribution) at all times material before the 2026 data-center zoning changes." }, { "field": "noise_limit_dba", "value": 65, "unit": "dBA", "note": "Developer's contractual commitment, measured at the property line; the site's current zoning allows 85 dB(A)", "source": "s9", "quote": "We will contractually commit to a sound level no greater than 65 dB(A) at the property line, within the general range of ambient sound levels in the area and well below the current 85 dB(A) zoning requirement for the site." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-06-09", "event": "Permit documents show two buildings (10 MW and 40 MW) plus generator yards and substation", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-07-16", "event": "DC BLOX closes on the property for $23 million", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-07-21", "event": "Metro Council approves data center regulations and a moratorium on new permits through Dec. 1, 2026", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-07-23", "event": "Nashville Zoo board unanimously rejects DC BLOX's proposed MOU for a smaller facility", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-07-28", "event": "Metro Zoning Administrator issues a written determination that DC BLOX's building-permit applications had vested", "source": "s12" }, { "date": "2026-08-04", "event": "Metro Council authorizes eminent domain acquisition of the site, 27-5", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-08-11", "event": "DC BLOX sues Metro in U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee over the moratorium", "source": "s11" }, { "date": "2026-10", "event": "Federal judge dismisses DC BLOX's suit against Metro; three claims were dismissed without prejudice, with 21 days to file an amended complaint, and the request for a preliminary injunction was denied", "source": "s13" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "DCB Nashville, LLC v. The Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, No. 3:26-cv-01143", "court": "U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee", "filed": "2026-08-11", "status": "pending", "summary": "The DC BLOX entity alleges Metro's data center moratorium and related ordinances violate due process, equal protection and vested property rights and constitute a regulatory taking, seeking declaratory and injunctive relief and damages.", "source": "s12", "quote": "DCB NASHVILLE, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, Plaintiff, v. THE METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT OF NASHVILLE AND DAVIDSON COUNTY, Defendant." } ], "issues": [ "The zoo and residents say a data center so close to animals, schools, and homes has not been proven safe (s5)", "Neighbors raised noise concerns; DC BLOX commits to 65 dB(A) at the property line (s1, s9)", "A petition against the project gathered nearly 600,000 signatures (s8)", "DC BLOX alleges the moratorium targets it in violation of due process and equal protection (s7)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Data center proposal near Nashville Zoo includes second building three times larger than first", "publisher": "WSMV", "url": "https://www.wsmv.com/2026/06/09/data-center-proposal-near-nashville-zoo-includes-second-building-three-times-larger-than-first/", "date": "2026-06-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Data center rules, rejected MOU: What you need to know about the Nashville Zoo and a data center project", "publisher": "NewsChannel 5", "url": "https://www.newschannel5.com/news/state/tennessee/davidson-county/what-nashvilles-new-data-center-rules-could-mean-for-the-proposed-zoo-area-project", "date": "2026-07-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "DC Blox still 'working through the size and scope of the project' near Nashville Zoo", "publisher": "NewsChannel 5", "url": "https://www.newschannel5.com/news/state/tennessee/davidson-county/dc-blox-still-working-through-the-size-and-scope-of-the-project-near-nashville-zoo", "date": "2026-07-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Nashville Zoo rejects DC Blox proposal for smaller data center next to zoo. Here's what we know", "publisher": "WSMV", "url": "https://www.wsmv.com/2026/07/23/nashville-zoo-rejects-dc-blox-proposal-smaller-data-center-next-zoo-heres-what-we-know/", "date": "2026-07-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Metro Council approves eminent domain to acquire land near Nashville Zoo from data center company", "publisher": "NewsChannel 5", "url": "https://www.newschannel5.com/news/metro-council-approves-eminent-domain-to-acquire-land-near-nashville-zoo-from-data-center-company", "date": "2026-08-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "DC Blox sues Metro over Nashville Zoo-area data center moratorium. Here's what we know", "publisher": "WSMV", "url": "https://www.wsmv.com/2026/08/12/dc-blox-sues-metro-over-nashville-zoo-area-data-center-moratorium-heres-what-we-know/", "date": "2026-08-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "A Fight Over a Data Center Next to the Nashville Zoo Just Moved to Federal Court", "publisher": "Inc.", "url": "https://www.inc.com/jamie-mcgee/nashville-zoo-data-center/91390768", "date": "2026-08-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Nashville Data Center Project", "publisher": "DC BLOX", "url": "https://www.dcblox.com/nashville-data-center/", "date": "2026", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Nashville Zoo data center: What comes next after Metro Council's vote for eminent domain", "publisher": "WSMV", "url": "https://www.wsmv.com/2026/08/05/nashville-zoo-data-center-what-comes-next-after-metro-councils-vote-eminent-domain/", "date": "2026-08-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "DC Blox sues over Metro's data center moratorium", "publisher": "Axios Nashville", "url": "https://www.axios.com/local/nashville/2026/08/11/dc-blox-sues-over-metros-data-center-moratorium", "date": "2026-08-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s12", "title": "Complaint, DCB Nashville, LLC v. The Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, No. 3:26-cv-01143 (M.D. Tenn.)", "publisher": "U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee (via WKRN)", "url": "https://www.wkrn.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/73/2026/08/DC-Blox-v-Metro-Nashville.pdf?ipid=promo-link2", "type": "court", "date": "2026-08-11" }, { "title": "Judge dismisses DC BLOX lawsuit for now, leaves path to refile claims over data center", "publisher": "FOX 17 Nashville", "url": "https://fox17.com/news/local/judge-dismisses-dc-blox-lawsuit-for-now-leaves-path-to-refile-claims-over-data-center", "date": "2026-10-07", "type": "news", "id": "s13" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-05" }, { "slug": "aws-king-george-county-va", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/aws-king-george-county-va", "name": "Amazon Data Services King George campus (former Birchwood power plant site)", "aka": [ "Birchwood data center campus" ], "city": null, "county": "King George County", "state": "VA", "lat": 38.2682, "lng": -77.1847, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "paused", "statusNote": "County board withdrew from the performance agreement in January 2024; Amazon's vested-rights lawsuit against the county was set for trial September 28-29, 2026", "developer": "Amazon Data Services", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Amazon Data Services planned to build 17 data centers, an investment of up to $6 billion, on 869 acres at and around the former Birchwood Power Facility in the Sealston area of King George County, under a performance agreement approved in December 2023. On January 2, 2024, a new majority on the board reversed the county's commitment, and after the Board of Zoning Appeals denied Amazon's vested-rights request in March 2025, Amazon took the dispute to King George County Circuit Court. Trial dates of September 28 and 29 were set in 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 6000000000, "note": "capital investment by June 30, 2040 under the proposed performance agreement", "source": "s1", "quote": "Amazon Data Services intends to invest $6 billion in capital investment in King George County by June 30, 2040" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 17, "note": "full buildout, as described by Amazon", "source": "s3", "quote": "In King George, Amazon says it planned to invest up to $6 billion in 17 data centers in the full buildout of 869 acres at the site of the former Birchwood Power Facility." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 869, "source": "s2", "quote": "to deny the company's request for a determination of vested rights of 869 acres it owns in the county for the purpose of constructing a data center campus" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 893, "note": "figure reported by a different outlet; conflicts with 869 acres", "source": "s4", "quote": "the 893-acre former Birchwood Power Plant" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 7000000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s4", "quote": "a 7-million square foot data center campus" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 100, "note": "projected, not guaranteed", "source": "s1", "quote": "Amazon projects but does not guarantee at least one hundred permanent, full-time jobs in the County" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "County to maintain existing tax rate and depreciation schedule for computer equipment; infrastructure grant based on estimated minimum $336,360,000 infrastructure spend", "source": "s1", "quote": "The County will maintain the existing tax rate and depreciation schedule for personal property classified as Computer Equipment" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Agreement contemplated Amazon providing at least 600,000 gallons per day of raw surface water to the county at no charge", "source": "s2", "quote": "through which the company would provide at least 600,000 gallons of raw surface water per day to the county at no charge" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Former Birchwood power plant site and surrounding properties in the Sealston area", "source": "s1", "quote": "develop data center campuses at the former Birchwood power plant site and other surrounding properties in the Sealston area" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-11-14", "event": "County staff report on proposed $6 billion performance agreement with Amazon Data Services presented to Board of Supervisors", "source": "s1", "quote": "Amazon Data Services intends to invest $6 billion in capital investment in King George County by June 30, 2040" }, { "date": "2023-12-19", "event": "Board approves the performance agreement; Amazon buys the property for almost $169 million", "source": "s3", "quote": "After the board approved the performance agreement on Dec. 19, 2023, the company said it immediately purchased the property for almost $169 million" }, { "date": "2024-01-02", "event": "New board majority reverses the county's commitment", "source": "s3", "quote": "A new board majority reversed the county commitment at its first meeting on Jan. 2, 2024." }, { "date": "2024-04", "event": "Supervisors unanimously ask the Planning Commission to reconsider the rezoning of more than 500 acres", "source": "s5", "quote": "the supervisors voted unanimously to send a letter to the planning commission requesting that it reconsider the rezoning of more than 500 acres" }, { "date": "2025-03-25", "event": "Board of Zoning Appeals denies Amazon's request for a vested-rights determination", "source": "s2", "quote": "requesting a review of the Board of Zoning Appeals' March 25 decision to deny the company's request for a determination of vested rights of 869 acres" }, { "date": "2025-04-24", "event": "Amazon files an 878-page petition with the King George County Circuit Court", "source": "s2", "quote": "Amazon recently filed an 878-page petition in King George County Circuit Court" }, { "date": "2026-08-26", "event": "Amazon withdraws its application to renew a DEQ groundwater permit for the campus and says it will seek other water sources", "source": "s7", "quote": "The tech giant is withdrawing its application to tap the Potomac aquifer after concerns from a state lawmaker and a DEQ report warning of declining groundwater availability." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Amazon's vested-rights appeal against King George County", "court": "King George County Circuit Court", "filed": "2025-05", "status": "pending", "summary": "Amazon appealed the Board of Zoning Appeals' decision upholding the zoning administrator's refusal to certify its vested rights, seeking to confirm those rights and prevent a downzoning; trial was rescheduled to September 2026.", "source": "s3", "quote": "The company filed a lawsuit in circuit court last May to appeal the zoning board decision" } ], "issues": [ "The project remains the subject of a pending lawsuit against the county (s6)", "Residents raised concerns about wildlife, noise, water usage and electricity from data centers in the county (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Board of Supervisors Agenda Item: Proposed Performance Agreement with Amazon Data Services for Local Economic Development Incentives", "publisher": "King George County", "url": "https://www.kinggeorgecountyva.gov/DocumentCenter/View/11568/BOS-Report---Local-Performance-Agreement-for-Amazon-Data-Services", "date": "2023-11-14", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Amazon taking fight with King George supervisors to court", "publisher": "Fredericksburg Free Press", "url": "https://www.fredericksburgfreepress.com/2025/05/06/amazon-taking-fight-with-king-george-supervisors-to-court/", "date": "2025-05-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Virginia Court Case Could Influence Other Data Center Fights", "publisher": "GovTech (Richmond Times-Dispatch)", "url": "https://www.govtech.com/artificial-intelligence/virginia-court-case-could-influence-other-data-center-fights", "date": "2026-05-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Motions Filed This Week in Amazon Data Services v. King George County", "publisher": "Fredericksburg Advance", "url": "https://www.fxbgadvance.com/p/motions-filed-this-week-in-amazon", "date": "2026-05-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Prime real estate? King George supervisors request reversal of rezoned Amazon properties", "publisher": "Fredericksburg Free Press", "url": "https://www.fredericksburgfreepress.com/2024/04/03/king-george-supervisors-request-reversal-of-amazon-rezoning/", "date": "2024-04-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "'This should've happened last year:' King George residents protest already-approved data centers", "publisher": "Fredericksburg Free Press", "url": "https://www.fredericksburgfreepress.com/2026/06/03/this-shouldve-happened-last-year-king-george-residents-protest-already-approved-data-centers/", "date": "2026-06-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Amazon changes course on water use for King George data center campus", "publisher": "Virginia Mercury", "url": "https://virginiamercury.com/2026/08/26/amazon-changes-course-on-water-use-for-king-george-data-center-campus/", "date": "2026-08-26", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "amazon-hobart-lake-county-in", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/amazon-hobart-lake-county-in", "name": "Amazon Hobart data center", "aka": [ "AWS Hobart data center" ], "city": "Hobart", "county": "Lake County", "state": "IN", "lat": 41.5323, "lng": -87.255, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Common Council approved the tax abatement in January 2026 and a fill permit was approved in February 2026; residents have challenged the approvals in court", "developer": "Amazon Web Services", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Amazon plans an $11 billion data center on hundreds of acres near 61st Avenue and Colorado Street in Hobart, where the city rezoned about 700 acres of residential land to light industrial. The Common Council unanimously approved a tax abatement in January 2026, and the city approved a fill permit for the site in February 2026. Residents have sued the city over the rezoning and the permit.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 11000000000, "source": "s2", "quote": "Last month, Hobart City Council approved an $11 billion Amazon Data Center." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 500, "unit": "acres", "note": "described as Amazon's 500-acre expansion in Hobart", "source": "s1", "quote": "On Wednesday night after 90 minutes of public comment, mostly against Amazon's 500-acre expansion in Hobart, the city's common council unanimously voted 6- to approve the tax abatement for the expansion." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": "more than 400", "source": "s2", "quote": "It said it will bring more than 400 permanent full-time jobs, with the average pay at $37.44 an hour." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "A ten-year tax abatement plus a 35-year enterprise IT exemption", "source": "s2", "quote": "Under the terms of an agreement between Amazon and the City of Hobart, Amazon will receive a ten year tax abatement, with a '35 year enterprise IT exemption.'" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "City received a $47 million payment from Amazon", "source": "s2", "quote": "Mayor Josh Huddlestun confirmed with Fox Chicago that the city is in receipt of a $47 million payment from Amazon." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "About 700 acres rezoned from R-3 residential to M-1 light industrial", "source": "s4", "quote": "In total, the city approved rezoning about 700 acres of R-3 residential land into M-1 light industrial property." }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "2028", "source": "s2", "quote": "The construction is slated to begin sometime this year, with a completion date in 2028." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Hobart Common Council approved the tax abatement unanimously in January 2026", "source": "s1", "quote": "the city's common council unanimously voted 6- to approve the tax abatement for the expansion." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Near Colorado Street and 61st Avenue", "source": "s3", "quote": "The City of Hobart, Indiana voted to approve a fill permit for a controversial Amazon data center proposal neat Colorado and 61st Avenue." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-12-08", "event": "Residents sue the Hobart Plan Commission and Common Council in Lake Superior Court over the rezoning", "source": "s4", "quote": "The complaint was filed in the Lake Superior Court on Dec. 8." }, { "date": "2026-01", "event": "Common Council unanimously approves the tax abatement", "source": "s1", "quote": "On Wednesday night after 90 minutes of public comment, mostly against Amazon's 500-acre expansion in Hobart, the city's common council unanimously voted 6- to approve the tax abatement for the expansion." }, { "date": "2026-02", "event": "City approves a fill permit for the data center site", "source": "s3", "quote": "The City of Hobart has voted to approve a fill permit on the site designated for an Amazon data center during a meeting Thursday night." }, { "date": "2026-02", "event": "Residents file suit seeking to block the fill permit", "source": "s5", "quote": "Angelita Soriano and her group 'No data centers Hobart Indiana' are suing the city." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents allege city officials violated their due process rights in approving the rezoning (s4)", "Plaintiffs argue the city skipped steps such as a public information meeting before approving the plan (s5)", "Most of the 90 minutes of public comment at the abatement vote opposed the expansion (s1)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Hobart Common Council approves property tax abatement for 500-acre Amazon data center", "publisher": "ABC57", "url": "https://www.abc57.com/news/hobart-common-council-approves-property-tax-abatement-for-500-acre-amazon-data-center", "date": "2026-01-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "'We want transparency before approvals happen': Residents oppose proposed $11 billion Amazon data center", "publisher": "FOX 32 Chicago", "url": "https://www.fox32chicago.com/news/hobart-approves-11b-amazon-data-center-details-still-unclear", "date": "2026-02-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "City of Hobart, Indiana votes to approve a fill permit for controversial Amazon data center proposal", "publisher": "ABC7 Chicago", "url": "https://abc7chicago.com/post/city-hobart-indiana-votes-approve-fill-permit-controversial-amazon-data-center-proposal/18550806/", "date": "2026-02-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Hobart city officials sued by residents over rezoning for new Amazon data center", "publisher": "The Indiana Lawyer", "url": "https://www.theindianalawyer.com/articles/hobart-city-officials-sued-by-residents-over-zoning-of-new-amazon-data-center", "date": "2025-12-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Lawsuit seeks to block Amazon data center permit in Hobart, Ind.", "publisher": "FOX 32 Chicago", "url": "https://www.fox32chicago.com/news/lawsuit-seeks-block-amazon-data-center-permit-hobart-ind", "date": "2026-02-08", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "aws-butts-county-ga", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/aws-butts-county-ga", "name": "Amazon Web Services Butts County data center campus", "aka": [ "Project Lighthouse" ], "city": "Jackson", "county": "Butts County", "state": "GA", "lat": 33.2946, "lng": -83.966, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Local PILOT agreement amended November 2025; payments begin 2027", "developer": "Amazon Web Services", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Amazon Web Services plans about 12 data centers, known locally as Project Lighthouse, at River Park Industrial Park off Georgia Highway 16 near I-75 in southwest Butts County. The campus is part of an $11 billion AWS investment in Butts and Douglas counties announced in January 2025. Property is titled to the county development authority, with Amazon making payments in lieu of taxes starting in 2027.", "facts": [ { "field": "buildings", "value": 12, "note": "approximately 12 data centers planned", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": "At least $11 billion combined for Butts and Douglas counties", "note": "one AWS figure for two counties; not this campus alone", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 550, "note": "at least 550 combined for Butts and Douglas counties", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Property titled to Development Authority of Butts County with payments in lieu of taxes beginning 2027 (county share $16.5 million in 2027)", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Amended PILOT split: county 59.25%, school system 39.25%, Development Authority 1.5% of gross PILOT payments", "source": "s4", "quote": "the county will now receive 59.25% of the gross PILOT payments while the school system receives 39.25% and the IDA receives the remaining 1.5%." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01-07", "event": "AWS announces at least $11 billion investment in Butts and Douglas counties", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-11-12", "event": "Intergovernmental PILOT agreement amended after approval by county commission, school board and development authority; water/sewer funding moved to a separate agreement with the Butts County Water and Sewer Authority", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2027", "event": "PILOT payments to county, schools and development authority scheduled to begin", "source": "s4" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "AWS plans to invest at least $11 billion in Georgia to expand infrastructure to support AI and cloud technologies", "publisher": "Amazon", "url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/aws/aws-investment-georgia-ai-cloud-infrastructure", "date": "2025-01-07", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Amazon plans $11 billion data center expansion in Georgia", "publisher": "Atlanta Journal-Constitution", "url": "https://www.ajc.com/news/amazon-plans-11-billion-data-center-expansion-in-georgia/4L34LL7RM5DTPBX67KUD5PCJUI/", "date": "2025-01-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Amazon Announces $11 Billion Dollar Investment in Butts, Douglas Counties", "publisher": "Henry Herald", "url": "https://henryga.news/2025/01/07/amazon-announces-11-billion-dollar-investment-in-butts-douglas-counties/", "date": "2025-01-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Amazon's future contributions to local entities adjusted", "publisher": "Jackson Progress-Argus", "url": "https://www.jacksonprogress-argus.com/news/amazon-s-future-contributions-to-local-entities-adjusted/article_517a4ab7-03a7-4297-847f-5a0d11d438ba.html", "date": "2025-11-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "AWS reveals $11bn data center investment plan for Georgia", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aws-reveals-11bn-data-center-investment-plan-for-georgia/", "date": "2025-01-08", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "aws-madison-st-clair-townships-butler-county-oh", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/aws-madison-st-clair-townships-butler-county-oh", "name": "Amazon Web Services data center campus, Madison and St. Clair townships", "aka": [], "city": null, "county": "Butler County", "state": "OH", "lat": 39.439747, "lng": -84.565734, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Trenton withdrew its annexation petition in September 2026 and indicated it wants to revisit it after the Nov. 3 election; Madison Township land is under Butler County's data center moratorium and St. Clair Township has its own temporary restriction; Trenton's Issue 17 passed Nov. 3, 2026 (unofficial), which WVXU says blocks the annexation plan", "developer": "Amazon Web Services", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Amazon Web Services is targeting a 601-acre property split between Madison and St. Clair townships in Butler County for a proposed 18-building data center campus, which the Cincinnati Business Courier, via Local 12, describes as a $5 billion proposal. Both townships rejected the City of Trenton's petition to annex the land in August 2026, and Trenton withdrew the petition in September 2026, a day before a scheduled Butler County commissioners' hearing. The Journal-News reports it as a separate, larger AWS project from the four-building campus under construction in Trenton.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 601, "note": "Local 12/Business Courier also says 601 acres; WVXU and the Journal-News say about 600 acres; WYSO/WVXU says Madison Township owns 243 acres of the land and St. Clair Township controls 358 of the 600 acres", "source": "s5", "quote": "The 601-acre property is split between Madison Township and St. Clair Township." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 18, "note": "Madison Township's trustee president said he had not seen any drawings of the 18 buildings (WYSO)", "source": "s5", "quote": "The land is being targeted for a proposed 18-building Amazon Web Services data center campus." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 5000000000, "note": "as reported by the Cincinnati Business Courier via Local 12", "source": "s4", "quote": "A tangle of scenarios is unfolding in Butler County over a $5 billion data center proposal from Amazon Web Services, planned on 601 acres in Madison and St. Clair townships currently up for annexation into the city of Trenton." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Amazon offered Madison and St. Clair townships $5 million each", "note": "offer reported by WVXU; terms not detailed", "source": "s3", "quote": "Amazon offered both townships $5 million each." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Madison Township land is under Butler County zoning, which has a data center moratorium; St. Clair Township has temporarily restricted large-scale data center development", "note": "WVXU reports St. Clair has its own zoning resolution and enacted a 12-month data center moratorium in May", "source": "s5", "quote": "Madison Township has zoning controlled by Butler County, which has a moratorium on data centers. St. Clair Township also has a temporary restriction on large-scale data center development." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Madison Township trustees voted unanimously to reject Trenton's annexation petition; St. Clair Township also rejected it (August 2026)", "source": "s3", "quote": "Madison Township trustees voted unanimously Monday night to reject Trenton's annexation petition." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-05", "event": "St. Clair Township enacts a 12-month moratorium on data centers", "source": "s6", "quote": "St. Clair, which enacted a 12-month moratorium on data centers in May, has its own zoning resolution which Amazon would have to navigate." }, { "date": "2026-06", "event": "Butler County enacts a six-month data center moratorium covering Madison and five other townships", "source": "s6", "quote": "In June, the county enacted a six-month moratorium on data centers for Madison and five other townships to allow time to consider whether county zoning is adequate enough to prepare for data centers." }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "Trenton City Council tables a vote on annexing 600 acres from St. Clair and Madison townships", "source": "s1", "quote": "Council tabled a vote on whether to annex 600 acres from neighboring St. Clair and Madison Townships into Trenton's city limits." }, { "date": "2026-08", "event": "Madison Township trustees vote unanimously to reject Trenton's annexation petition", "source": "s3", "quote": "Madison Township trustees voted unanimously Monday night to reject Trenton's annexation petition." }, { "date": "2026-08", "event": "St. Clair Township also rejects the annexation", "source": "s3", "quote": "On Tuesday night, St. Clair township also rejected the annexation for similar reasons." }, { "date": "2026-09", "event": "Trenton's city attorney notifies Butler County that the city is withdrawing the annexation petition, effective immediately", "source": "s6", "quote": "City Attorney Nick Ziepfel sent a letter to Butler County administrator Judi Boyko on Monday, notifying the county of its decision to withdraw the petition, effective immediately." }, { "date": "2026-09", "event": "The withdrawal comes one day before a scheduled Butler County Board of Commissioners public hearing on the annexation", "source": "s5", "quote": "The withdrawal came just one day before the Butler County Board of Commissioners was scheduled to hold a public hearing on the annexation." }, { "date": "2026-09", "event": "Butler County commissioners accept the withdrawal", "source": "s5", "quote": "The county commissioners accepted the withdrawal during a special meeting Tuesday." }, { "date": "2026-10-15", "event": "AWS holds a community meeting at Edgewood Middle School in Trenton; residents ask about water, workforce, power and backup generators", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-11-03", "event": "Trenton voters pass Issue 17, barring data centers over 25 MW in city limits, with about 80% (unofficial results, not yet certified); WVXU says it blocks plans for Trenton to annex land for a 1,000 MW Amazon data center", "source": "s9" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The annexation petition was filed by Trenton with Duke Energy Ohio and Kentucky, Watson Gravel Inc. and Daniel and Kyle Rapier; the withdrawal notice reserves the right to refile, and WCPO reports: \"The petitioners are asking commissioners to move the hearing to a regular meeting on or after Nov. 10.\" (s5, s6)", "WVXU: \"Now, Ziepfel indicated Trenton wants to revisit the annexation after the Nov. 3 election.\" Trenton voters decide Nov. 3 on a charter ban on data centers over 25 megawatts (s6, s7)", "WVXU reports AWS could instead pursue the site through Madison and St. Clair townships without annexation; for Madison Township, the decision would rest with the Butler County Commission (s6)", "Madison Township officials cite concerns about noise, stormwater runoff, appearance and road maintenance, and said they were not contacted directly when Trenton began the annexation process (s3, s5)", "The Business Courier, via Local 12, reports the city forecasts nearly $10 million in annual tax revenue at full buildout starting in 2033, with the city and townships competing for that revenue (s4)", "Trenton Mayor Ryan Perry said in July 2026 that Amazon Web Services could build on the land (s1)", "The Journal-News reports this separately from the four-building AWS campus under construction on 141 acres within Trenton: \"Another larger AWS project is in the works, with plans to build 18 buildings on about 600 acres in Madison and St. Clair townships.\" (s7)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Trenton approves 15-year tax abatement for data center", "publisher": "WVXU", "url": "https://www.wvxu.org/environment/2026-07-09/trenton-approves-15-year-tax-abatement-for-data-center", "date": "2026-07-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Data center in Trenton spurs transparency concerns", "publisher": "WVXU", "url": "https://www.wvxu.org/environment/2026-08-11/data-center-trenton-prologis-transparency-concerns", "date": "2026-08-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Madison Township denies data center annexation request from Trenton", "publisher": "WYSO (WVXU story)", "url": "https://www.wyso.org/2026-08-25/madison-township-trenton-annex-hyperscale-data-center", "date": "2026-08-25", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "$5B Amazon project pits city against townships", "publisher": "Local 12 (WKRC), via Cincinnati Business Courier", "url": "https://local12.com/news/local/trenton-5-billion-amazon-data-center-proposal-annexation-townships-madison-st-clair-cincinnati", "date": "2026-09-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Public hearing canceled after Trenton withdraws annexation petition for proposed Amazon data center", "publisher": "WCPO", "url": "https://www.wcpo.com/news/local-news/in-your-community/butler-county/public-hearing-canceled-after-trenton-withdraws-annexation-petition-for-proposed-amazon-data-center", "date": "2026-09-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Trenton withdraws request to annex land for data center. What's next?", "publisher": "WVXU", "url": "https://www.wvxu.org/local-news/2026-09-15/trenton-withdraws-annex-land-data-center-township", "date": "2026-09-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Trenton voters will decide on a data center ban: Election 2026", "publisher": "Journal-News", "url": "https://www.journal-news.com/local/elections/trenton-voters-will-decide-on-a-data-center-ban-election-2026/article_b2162dd4-ef96-56f3-9d38-c623021b2ee6.html", "date": "2026-09-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Amazon Web Services meets with Trenton residents ahead of data center vote", "publisher": "FOX19", "url": "https://www.fox19.com/2026/10/16/amazon-web-services-meets-with-trenton-residents-ahead-data-center-vote/", "date": "2026-10-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Trenton votes to ban data centers", "publisher": "WVXU", "url": "https://www.wvxu.org/environment/2026-11-03/trenton-votes-to-ban-data-centers", "date": "2026-11-03", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-05" }, { "slug": "aws-canton-madison-county-ms", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/aws-canton-madison-county-ms", "name": "Amazon Web Services Madison County Mega Site campus", "aka": [ "Project Atlas", "AWS Canton" ], "city": "Canton", "county": "Madison County", "state": "MS", "lat": 32.6126, "lng": -90.0368, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "operating", "statusNote": "Five of an expected 15–17 buildings operating as of spring 2026; expansion announced April 2026", "developer": "Amazon Web Services", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Amazon Web Services operates a data center campus on the 927-acre Madison County Mega Site in Canton, one of two AWS campuses in Madison County (the other is in Ridgeland) announced in 2024 as a $10 billion investment. Five buildings were operating in 2026, and Amazon says it plans at least to double its presence there. In April 2026 the governor announced an additional $11 billion AWS expansion in Madison County.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 927, "unit": "acres", "note": "Mega Site in Canton; the Ridgeland campus is a separate 786 acres", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 5, "note": "operating as of April 2026, of an expected 15–17", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 10000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "original 2024 commitment covering both Madison County campuses (Canton and Ridgeland)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 11000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "Madison County expansion announced April 2026", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 1000, "note": "2024 commitment across the Madison County campuses; 700 more announced with the 2026 expansion", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 6000, "note": "6,000–7,000 construction workers, per 2024 reporting", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "State package: 10-year 100% corporate income tax exemption, sales/use tax exemptions on construction and equipment, 3.15% construction rebate; incentives expire in 2057", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Entergy Mississippi", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Canton Municipal Utilities now; switching to treated municipal wastewater (Veolia facility) for cooling", "note": "about 83 million gallons of treated wastewater per year", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Wastewater reuse facility expected to begin operating in 2027", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "Over 300 diesel generators at Canton (more than 700 across both Madison County campuses)", "note": "Amazon has asked MDEQ to approve more than 100 additional generators across its two sites", "source": "s7", "quote": "Amazon's two Madison County campuses will house more than 700 diesel generators, over 300 of which will be located in Canton." }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "MDEQ permits issued for backup diesel generators, allowing up to 100 hours a year of maintenance and readiness testing", "source": "s7", "quote": "Under the permits issued by MDEQ, Amazon can operate its backup generators in Madison County for up to 100 hours a year for maintenance checks and readiness testing." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Fee-in-lieu agreement: during each data center's first 10 years of operations, discounted fees of one third of normal property taxes, over a 30-year term", "source": "s8", "quote": "a deal for the company to pay discounted fees — a third of what they'd typically owe in property taxes — for the first 10 years of each data centers' operations over a 30-year term." }, { "field": "abatement_years", "value": 10, "unit": "years", "note": "discounted fee period for each data center, within a 30-year term", "source": "s8", "quote": "a third of what they'd typically owe in property taxes — for the first 10 years of each data centers' operations over a 30-year term." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-01", "event": "AWS confirmed as company behind $10 billion 'Project Atlas' in Madison County; Legislature passes incentive package", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2024-09", "event": "Site work and building pad construction under way at the Madison County campuses", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-04-09", "event": "Gov. Tate Reeves announces $11 billion AWS expansion in Madison County, part of $25 billion statewide", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-04-30", "event": "Five buildings reported operating at the Mega Site; Veolia wastewater partnership for cooling described", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-06-09", "event": "Amazon says it plans to at least double its presence at the Canton campus", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-08-17", "event": "Madison County Board of Supervisors upholds the tax assessor's valuation of five Canton data center buildings, rejecting Amazon's appeal", "source": "s9" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Amazon is paying to expand Canton Municipal Utilities water capacity by 39% and the Beatties Bluff wastewater plant by 50% (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "AWS confirmed to be behind $10bn Mississippi data center development", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aws-confirmed-as-company-behind-10bn-mississippi-data-center-development/", "date": "2024-01-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Construction industry steps up for Mississippi's grandest project: AWS", "publisher": "Magnolia Tribune", "url": "https://magnoliatribune.com/2024/09/08/construction-industry-steps-up-for-mississippis-grandest-project-aws/", "date": "2024-09-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Amazon continues Mississippi expansion, announcing plans to invest a total of $25 billion across the Magnolia State", "publisher": "Office of Governor Tate Reeves", "url": "https://governorreeves.ms.gov/amazon-continues-mississippi-expansion-announcing-plans-to-invest-a-total-of-25-billion-across-the-magnolia-state/", "date": "2026-04-09", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Where do Amazon's data centers in Mississippi stand?", "publisher": "Mississippi Today", "url": "https://mississippitoday.org/2026/06/09/amazon-data-centers-mississippi/", "date": "2026-06-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Here's how the water you flush could impact AWS in Madison", "publisher": "WLBT", "url": "https://www.wlbt.com/2026/04/30/how-water-you-flush-could-impact-aws-madison/", "date": "2026-04-30", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Amazon announces additional $12 billion for data centers in central Mississippi", "publisher": "Mississippi Public Broadcasting", "url": "https://www.mpbonline.org/blogs/news/amazon-announces-additional-12-billion-for-data-centers-in-central-mississippi/", "date": "2026-04-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Amazon's Canton AI Data Center Brings Dust, Noise and Pollution Fears for Neighbors", "publisher": "Mississippi Free Press", "url": "https://www.mississippifreepress.org/amazons-canton-data-center-promises-prosperity-for-neighbors-its-bringing-dust-noise-and-pollution-fears/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-02-13" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Canton and Madison County schools anticipate millions of dollars from Amazon data center fees", "publisher": "Mississippi Today (via DeSoto County News)", "url": "https://desotocountynews.com/mississippi-news/canton-and-madison-county-schools-anticipate-millions-of-dollars-from-amazon-data-center-fees", "type": "news", "date": "2026-08-25" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Madison County Denies Amazon's Valuation Appeal for Canton Data Centers, Preserving Millions in Tax Revenue", "publisher": "Mississippi Free Press", "url": "https://www.mississippifreepress.org/madison-county-denies-amazons-valuation-appeal-for-canton-data-centers-preserving-millions-in-tax-revenue/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-08-19" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "aws-richmond-county-nc", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/aws-richmond-county-nc", "name": "Amazon Web Services Richmond County data center campus", "aka": [ "Project Blue Marlin", "Energy Way" ], "city": "Hamlet", "county": "Richmond County", "state": "NC", "lat": 34.8849, "lng": -79.6945, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Buildings under construction as of August 2026; draft air permits for backup generators were under state review", "developer": "Amazon Web Services", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Amazon Web Services is building a $10 billion data center campus at the county's Energy Way industrial site near Hamlet, next to Duke Energy's Sherwood H. Smith Jr. energy complex. The 646-acre site was sold by Richmond County for $26 million, and county commissioners approved 20-year property tax grants in June 2025. Construction began in fall 2025; local reporting says the first building is expected to open in 2027, with more planned through 2029.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 10000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "planned investment", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 646, "unit": "acres", "note": "forest and former chicken farm sold by the county for $26 million", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 21, "note": "each 200,000 sq ft, per NC Newsline; DCD reported up to 20 buildings in 2025", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 500, "note": "at full build-out; county agreement requires $1 billion investment and 50 full-time jobs by 2030", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "County grants of up to 50% of annual real property taxes and 65% of personal property (machinery and equipment) taxes for 20 years", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Duke Energy", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Richmond County water system (municipal)", "note": "Amazon says it will cool with outside air about 93% of the year and pay for water/wastewater extensions", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "outside air most of the year, with water-based cooling in peak summer", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First data center projected to open in 2027; more facilities through 2029", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Energy Way Tech Campus, Airport Road, Hamlet", "source": "s7", "quote": "Energy Way Tech Campus data center on Airport Road in Hamlet" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-03-19", "event": "County drafts confidential purchase agreement with 'Project Blue Marlin' for the site", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2025-05", "event": "County commissioners vote to sell county parcels for $26 million and rezone land to heavy industrial", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2025-06-03", "event": "Richmond County commissioners approve property tax incentive grants", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-06-04", "event": "Gov. Josh Stein announces the $10 billion Amazon investment", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Amazon breaks ground on the campus", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-07-30", "event": "NC DEQ holds joint public hearing on the Amazon and Duke Energy air quality permits in Rockingham", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-08", "event": "State regulators reviewing draft air permits for backup diesel generators after public hearings", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-08-28", "event": "NC DEQ announces final air quality permits for Amazon's 588 emergency engines and Duke Energy's 57 bridge power engines", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-11", "event": "Amazon expected to begin hiring for data center jobs", "source": "s1" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Nearby residents say they were not told about the project before county decisions were made (s3)", "Air permit applications cover 592 backup diesel generators for Amazon plus 57 for Duke Energy; residents and environmental groups raised emissions and environmental justice concerns (s3, s6)", "Energy and water terms of the deal were kept confidential (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "AWS Comes to Richmond County", "publisher": "Richmond County Economic Development", "url": "https://richmondnced.com/aws/", "date": "2026-09-04", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Amazon to invest $10 billion into AI data centers in North Carolina", "publisher": "Axios Raleigh", "url": "https://www.axios.com/local/raleigh/2025/06/04/amazon-ai-data-centers-in-north-carolina-richmond-county", "date": "2025-06-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Inside the secretive deal for a $10 billion data center in rural North Carolina", "publisher": "NC Newsline", "url": "https://ncnewsline.com/2026/08/06/inside-the-secretive-deal-for-a-10-billion-data-center-in-rural-north-carolina/", "date": "2026-08-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Amazon breaks ground on $10bn data center complex in Richmond County, North Carolina", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/amazon-breaks-ground-on-10bn-data-center-complex-in-richmond-county-north-carolina/", "date": "2025-10-31", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Why one North Carolina county said yes to Amazon's $10 billion data center", "publisher": "WRAL", "url": "https://www.wral.com/news/local/why-one-north-carolina-county-said-yes-to-amazon-10-billion-dollar-data-center-july-2026/", "date": "2026-07-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Inside the Secretive Deal for a $10 Billion Data Center in Rural North Carolina", "publisher": "Inside Climate News", "url": "https://insideclimatenews.org/news/04082026/north-carolina-amazon-data-center-secret-deal/", "date": "2026-08-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "NCDEQ's Division of Air Quality requires additional monitoring, testing in final air quality permits for Amazon data center and Duke Energy projects", "publisher": "NC Department of Environmental Quality", "url": "https://www.deq.nc.gov/news/press-releases/2026/08/28/ncdeqs-division-air-quality-requires-additional-monitoring-testing-final-air-quality-permits-amazon", "type": "government", "date": "2026-08-28" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "DEQ announces joint public hearing on Amazon data center and Duke Energy air quality permits in Richmond County", "publisher": "NC Department of Environmental Quality", "url": "https://www.deq.nc.gov/news/press-releases/2026/06/26/deq-announces-joint-public-hearing-amazon-data-center-and-duke-energy-air-quality-permits-richmond", "type": "government", "date": "2026-06-26" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "aws-warrenton-fauquier-county-va", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/aws-warrenton-fauquier-county-va", "name": "Amazon Web Services Warrenton Data Center", "aka": [ "Blackwell Road data center" ], "city": "Warrenton", "county": "Fauquier County", "state": "VA", "lat": 38.7135, "lng": -77.7953, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Special use permit approved 4-3 in February 2023; the 2023 lawsuit by Citizens for Fauquier County and residents remained unresolved as of July 2026", "developer": "Amazon Web Services", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Amazon Data Services won a special use permit from the Warrenton Town Council in February 2023, by a 4-3 vote, for a 220,000-square-foot data center at Blackwell Road and Lee Highway on a 41.7-acre site AWS bought in 2021. Citizens for Fauquier County and 10 residents sued in Fauquier Circuit Court in 2023, alleging the council violated the town's zoning ordinance and Comprehensive Plan. That case was still awaiting a ruling as of July 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "sqft", "value": 220000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s2", "quote": "a 220,000 square-foot (20,450 sqm) data center at the intersection of Blackwell Road and Lee Highway in Warrenton" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 41.7, "source": "s1", "quote": "AWS has bought a 41.7-acre plot of land in Warrenton, Fauquier County, for $39.7-million." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 550000000, "note": "reported aim", "source": "s2", "quote": "The company reportedly aims to invest around $550 million in the project." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Warrenton Town Council approved special use permit 4-3 (February 2023)", "source": "s2", "quote": "The Warrenton Town Council this week voted 4-3 to approve Amazon Data Services' request for a special-use permit" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Special use permit", "source": "s3", "quote": "a 220,000 square foot (20,400 sq m) data center on its property, using a special-use permit" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-09", "event": "AWS buys a 41.7-acre site on Blackwell Road for $39.7 million", "source": "s1", "quote": "AWS has bought a 41.7-acre plot of land in Warrenton, Fauquier County, for $39.7-million." }, { "date": "2023-02", "event": "Warrenton Town Council approves Amazon Data Services' special use permit 4-3", "source": "s2", "quote": "The Warrenton Town Council this week voted 4-3 to approve Amazon Data Services' request for a special-use permit" }, { "date": "2023-03", "event": "Citizens for Fauquier County and 10 residents sue in Fauquier Circuit Court to stop the data center", "source": "s3", "quote": "The environmental nonprofit Citizens for Fauquier County and 10 local residents have filed a lawsuit in the Fauquier Circuit Court to try to stop an Amazon data center in Warrenton, Northern Virginia." }, { "date": "2026-07-30", "event": "Citizens for Fauquier County suffers a setback in court in its challenges to the data center", "source": "s5", "quote": "Citizens for Fauquier County suffered a setback in court Thursday in its challenges against the Amazon data center planned in Warrenton." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about noise, property values, traffic, environmental impacts and possible new transmission lines (s2)", "Opponents argue the town zoning amendment allowing data centers is invalid (s4)", "The lawsuit alleges council members violated the town's zoning ordinance and Comprehensive Plan when they approved the plan (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "AWS pays $40 million for 42 acre plot in Warrenton, Northern Virginia", "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aws-pays-40-million-for-42-acre-plot-in-warrenton-northern-virginia/", "date": "2021-09-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Amazon granted permit for Warrenton data center in Fauquier County, Virginia", "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/amazon-granted-permit-for-warrenton-data-center-in-fauquier-county-virginia/", "date": "2023-02-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Local activists file lawsuit to stop Amazon data center in Warrenton, Northern Virginia", "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/local-activists-file-lawsuit-to-stop-amazon-data-center-in-warrenton-northern-virginia/", "date": "2023-03-31", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Citizens group, Town of Warrenton head to court over Amazon data center — again", "publisher": "Prince William Times", "url": "https://www.princewilliamtimes.com/news/citizens-group-town-of-warrenton-head-to-court-again-over-towns-1-approved-data-center/article_45c580d9-7d32-5624-9d2f-954a5d36539c.html", "date": "2024-06-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Judge denies citizen group's request to join data center lawsuit", "publisher": "Fauquier Times", "url": "https://www.fauquier.com/localnews/judge-denies-citizen-group-s-request-to-join-data-center-lawsuit/article_a491f75f-897b-4ff1-a8c9-e4df2eea1170.html", "date": "2026-07-30", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "thor-equities-augusta-township-mi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/thor-equities-augusta-township-mi", "name": "Augusta Township Data Center (Thor Equities)", "aka": [ "Augusta Township hyperscale data center" ], "city": "Augusta Township", "county": "Washtenaw County", "state": "MI", "lat": 42.13, "lng": -83.6, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "denied", "statusNote": "Voters overturned the data center rezoning in the Aug. 4, 2026 referendum, per unofficial results", "developer": "Thor Equities", "endUsers": [], "summary": "New York City-based developer Thor Equities proposed a $1-billion hyperscale data center in Augusta Township, and the township board voted unanimously on July 22, 2025 to conditionally rezone 522 acres for it. Residents forced a referendum, and unofficial results from the Aug. 4, 2026 vote showed the rezoning opposed by 2,314 voters, or 89.5%. The vote, if certified, leaves the properties zoned agricultural residential.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1000000000, "source": "s1", "quote": "Augusta Township residents will vote on the rezoning of land for a proposed $1-billion hyperscale data center in the Aug. 4 primary" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 522, "unit": "acres", "note": "acreage conditionally rezoned by the township board", "source": "s1", "quote": "The Augusta Township board voted unanimously in favor of conditionally rezoning 522 acres for a data center proposed by New York City-based developer Thor Equities July 22, 2025." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 822, "unit": "acres", "note": "total property size as reported in October 2025", "source": "s3", "quote": "a data center was proposed for an 822-acre property largely in Augusta Township" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": "at least 5", "source": "s3", "quote": "it would include at least five large buildings on what is currently farmland and wetlands" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 1000000, "unit": "gallons per day", "note": "reported as a possible figure (\"may consume\")", "source": "s3", "quote": "The center may consume 1 million gallons of water daily" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Seven parcels rezoned from agricultural residential to general industrial; rezoning overturned by referendum", "source": "s2", "quote": "The Augusta Township Board of Trustees had approved rezoning seven parcels from agricultural residential to general industrial." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Referendum Aug. 4, 2026: 2,314 (89.5%) opposed the rezoning, 269 (10.4%) supported it (unofficial)", "source": "s2", "quote": "Unofficial results showed 2,314 voters, or 89.5%, opposed the rezoning, while 269, or 10.4%, supported it." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-05", "event": "Planning commission recommends denying the rezoning", "source": "s1", "quote": "The board's approval contradicted the planning commission's earlier recommendation in May to deny rezoning for the data center project." }, { "date": "2025-07-22", "event": "Township board votes unanimously to conditionally rezone 522 acres for the data center", "source": "s1", "quote": "The Augusta Township board voted unanimously in favor of conditionally rezoning 522 acres for a data center proposed by New York City-based developer Thor Equities July 22, 2025." }, { "date": "2025-08", "event": "Residents turn in 957 signatures to put the rezoning on the ballot (561 required)", "source": "s3", "quote": "Residents needed to collect 561 signatures to get the issue on the ballot, and they turned in 957 gathered during an approximately two-week period in August." }, { "date": "2026-08-04", "event": "Voters overturn the rezoning in a referendum, per unofficial results", "source": "s2", "quote": "Unofficial results showed 2,314 voters, or 89.5%, opposed the rezoning, while 269, or 10.4%, supported it." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents who circulated petitions said the project's power demands could affect utility rates and reliability and bring noise and air pollution (s1)", "The township clerk said the project would generate millions in taxes annually and bring water and sewer lines to parts of the township that lack them (s1)", "Residents have submitted petitions seeking to recall all seven township trustees (s2)", "Township trustees voted to rezone the property from agricultural to industrial before residents forced a referendum (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Augusta Township data center battle reaches the ballot next month", "publisher": "Planet Detroit", "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/07/augusta-data-center-battle-ballot/", "date": "2026-07-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Weekly Data Center Watch: Augusta Voters Overturn Data Center Rezoning", "publisher": "The Sun Times News", "url": "https://thesuntimesnews.com/weekly-data-center-watch-augusta-voters-overturn-data-center-rezoning/", "date": "2026-08-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Tiny Michigan town hopes to stop data center with ballot initiative", "publisher": "Bridge Michigan", "url": "https://bridgemi.com/michigan-environment-watch/tiny-michigan-town-hopes-to-stop-data-center-with-ballot-initiative/", "date": "2025-10-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Augusta Township voters to decide fate of data center rezoning", "publisher": "WEMU", "url": "https://www.wemu.org/wemu-news/2026-07-22/augusta-township-voters-to-decide-fate-of-data-center-rezoning", "date": "2026-07-22", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "avaio-digital-leo-little-rock-ar", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/avaio-digital-leo-little-rock-ar", "name": "AVAIO Digital Leo", "aka": [ "Leo Data Hub" ], "city": "Little Rock", "county": "Pulaski County", "state": "AR", "lat": 34.770311, "lng": -92.312996, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Announced Jan. 12, 2026; the company said first-phase construction would start in Q1 2026 and be complete and energized in June 2027", "developer": "AVAIO Digital Partners", "endUsers": [], "summary": "AVAIO Digital Partners announced on Jan. 12, 2026 AVAIO Digital Leo, a 760-acre data center and power campus near Little Rock in Pulaski County, backed by an initial combined investment of $6 billion from AVAIO and its customers. The company is contracted with Entergy Arkansas for 150 MW and expects power demand to reach as much as 1 GW as the campus grows, and said the first phase would be complete and energized in June 2027.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 760, "source": "s1", "quote": "At 760 acres, a size sufficient to support a large, multi-building campus with on-site power generation" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": "up to 1 GW", "note": "anticipated power demand as the campus grows, per the company; 150 MW currently contracted with Entergy Arkansas", "source": "s1", "quote": "AVAIO is currently contracted with Entergy Arkansas for 150 MW of power, but the company anticipates power demand of up to 1 GW as the facility grows." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 6000000000, "note": "initial combined investment from AVAIO and its customers; CEO Mark McComiskey cites over $21 billion through full development", "source": "s1", "quote": "The campus will be built out in multiple phases with an initial $6 billion combined investment from AVAIO and its customers in infrastructure, power and tenant deployments over the course of the project." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Entergy Arkansas", "source": "s1", "quote": "AVAIO is currently contracted with Entergy Arkansas for 150 MW of power, but the company anticipates power demand of up to 1 GW as the facility grows." }, { "field": "onsite_generation", "value": "on-site power using on-site natural gas infrastructure (planned)", "note": "company description of site advantages", "source": "s1", "quote": "Substantial onsite natural gas infrastructure facilitating rapid deployment of energy-efficient on-site power" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 500, "note": "company says more than 500 over the next five years", "source": "s1", "quote": "The new data center campus is expected to ultimately create more than 500 new full-time permanent operations jobs over the next five years as the campus is built out." }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": "thousands", "note": "company statement", "source": "s1", "quote": "In addition, the construction phase will bring thousands of new jobs in the region." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "water-efficient cooling technologies with cooling-system economization (company description)", "source": "s1", "quote": "integrating features such as water-efficient cooling technologies, rainwater recapture systems, rooftop solar generation, and advanced cooling-system economization to reduce overall power demand." }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First phase complete and energized June 2027 (company)", "source": "s1", "quote": "Construction of the first phase of the project is expected to start in the first quarter of 2026 and will be complete and energized in June 2027." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-01-12", "event": "AVAIO Digital Partners announces the AVAIO Digital Leo data center campus near Little Rock in Pulaski County", "source": "s1", "quote": "AVAIO Digital Partners (AVAIO Digital) announced today a major new data center hub near Little Rock in Pulaski County, Arkansas – AVAIO Digital Leo - that will help accelerate the state's rapidly growing tech sector." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "DCD, citing local press: \"Local press reports the campus will be located on land near Interstate 530 and 145th Street.\" (s3)", "Gov. Sarah Huckabee Sanders called the $6 billion hub the largest economic investment in Arkansas' history (s1, s2)", "Construction start and first-phase timing are company plans; no opened source reports whether construction began (s1, s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "AVAIO Digital Announces New Large-Scale AI-Ready Data Center and Power Campus in Little Rock, Arkansas", "publisher": "Arkansas Economic Development Commission", "url": "https://www.arkansasedc.com/news-events/newsroom/detail/2026/01/12/avaio-digital-announces-new-large-scale-ai-ready-data-center-and-power-campus-in-little-rock--arkansas", "date": "2026-01-12", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "$6B Data Center Campus Planned for Pulaski County", "publisher": "Arkansas Money & Politics", "url": "https://armoneyandpolitics.com/6b-data-center-pulaski/", "date": "2026-01-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Avaio to develop $6bn data center campus in Little Rock, Arkansas", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/avaio-to-develop-6bn-data-center-campus-in-little-rock-arkansas/", "date": "2026-01-13", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-24" }, { "slug": "avemore-villa-rica-ga", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/avemore-villa-rica-ga", "name": "Avemore Data Park", "aka": [ "Project Avemore", "Villa Rica data center", "Atlas Development technology and data park" ], "city": "Villa Rica", "county": "Carroll County", "state": "GA", "lat": 33.732, "lng": -84.919, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Villa Rica approved annexation and rezoning in May 2025; residents' court petition challenging it was reported as filed. No Amazon involvement found in any source reviewed.", "developer": "Atlas Development", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Atlas Development has proposed a 428-acre technology and data park in Villa Rica, on land annexed out of unincorporated Carroll County along Hwy 61, Hickory Level Road and South Van Wert Road, with up to seven buildings and a reported $5–7 billion investment. The City of Villa Rica approved the annexation and rezoning in May 2025, and more than 30 Carroll County residents went to Superior Court to challenge it. Carroll County has since adopted and extended a moratorium on data centers in unincorporated areas, which does not apply inside city limits. The end user has not been named.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 428, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 7, "note": "up to seven buildings planned", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 2450000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "DCD figure: seven buildings of about 350,000 sq ft each, per rezoning request", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 5000000000, "note": "DCD reports $5–7 billion (low end shown); petition organizers cite $4–7 billion", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First phase set to launch in 2028", "source": "s1" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01", "event": "Villa Rica City Council approves a technology park overlay district, 4-1", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-04", "event": "Atlas Development files a Development of Regional Impact for the 428-acre technology and data park", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-05", "event": "Villa Rica approves annexation and rezoning for the data center (reported May 14, 2025)", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-03-03", "event": "Carroll County Board of Commissioners approves a 100-day moratorium on data center permits in unincorporated areas, 7-0", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-06-02", "event": "Carroll County commissioners extend the moratorium another 100 days, 7-0", "source": "s4" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about environmental impact, water use, land disruption and power use (s3)", "Residents' court petition challenges the annexation of the land out of Carroll County and the rezoning, saying the project would harm their land and quality of life (s5)", "At the rezoning hearing, opponents questioned the lack of site plans, the timing of property notices and a conservation easement with the Georgia Agricultural Land Trust (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Atlas files for 428-acre technology and data park outside Atlanta, Georgia", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/atlas-files-for-428-acre-technology-and-data-park-outside-atlanta-georgia/", "date": "2025-04-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Villa Rica approves rezoning, annexation for data center", "publisher": "Times-Georgian", "url": "https://www.times-georgian.com/news/local/villa-rica-approves-rezoning-annexation-for-data-center/article_a47cd191-69d1-5843-94e2-255021617364.html", "date": "2025-05-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Data centers still stoking local anxiety", "publisher": "Times-Georgian", "url": "https://www.times-georgian.com/news/local/data-centers-still-stoking-local-anxiety/article_9ba950f8-e04a-5a04-b6de-8075fbee8639.html", "date": "2026-04-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Data center moratorium extended", "publisher": "Times-Georgian", "url": "https://www.times-georgian.com/news/local/data-center-moratorium-extended/article_a7d31b38-3e6a-59d0-8da4-6ac3a17a167c.html", "date": "2026-06-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Carroll County Residents File Petition vs. Developer & City of Villa Rica; Hope To Stop Development Of Reported 400-acre Data Center between Hickory Level & Van Wert Road", "publisher": "Gradick Communications", "url": "https://gradickcommunications.com/carroll-county-residents-file-petition-vs-developer-city-of-villa-rica-hope-to-stop-development-of-reported-400-acre-data-center-between-hickory-level-van-wert-road/", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "aws-jefferson-township-fayette-county-oh", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/aws-jefferson-township-fayette-county-oh", "name": "AWS Fayette County Data Center Campus", "aka": [], "city": "Jeffersonville", "county": "Fayette County", "state": "OH", "lat": 39.6522, "lng": -83.555, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Fayette County Commissioners approved a Community Reinvestment Area agreement with AWS", "developer": "Amazon Web Services (Amazon Data Services, Inc.)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Amazon Web Services plans data centers in Jefferson Township, Fayette County, where Amazon Data Services, Inc. purchased 589.843 acres for just over $102 million. AWS has said it plans to invest an estimated $5 billion in Fayette County by 2030, and Fayette County Commissioners approved a Community Reinvestment Area agreement giving new structures on the project site a 100 percent tax exemption for 30 years.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 589.843, "source": "s3", "quote": "Amazon Data Services, Inc. purchased 589.843 acres in Jefferson Township for just over $102 million last month." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 5000000000, "note": "estimated, by 2030 (AWS-stated)", "source": "s6", "quote": "Fayette County is the first site outside of Central Ohio where AWS plans to establish new data centers, investing an estimated $5 billion by 2030." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 100, "note": "'more than a hundred jobs' by 2030", "source": "s6", "quote": "AWS is expected to generate more than a hundred jobs in Fayette County by 2030." }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1500, "note": "up to", "source": "s5", "quote": "The project is expected to generate up to 1,500 construction jobs for union workers in the area." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Community Reinvestment Area agreement: 30-year, 100 percent tax exemption for new structures", "source": "s5", "quote": "This agreement provides a 30-year, 100 percent tax exemption for new structures on the project site." }, { "field": "abatement_years", "value": 30, "source": "s5", "quote": "This agreement provides a 30-year, 100 percent tax exemption for new structures on the project site." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "AES Ohio", "note": "per Office of the Ohio Consumers' Counsel filing on network upgrade agreement", "source": "s1", "quote": "While AES Ohio represents that the agreement is protective of other AES consumers, it notes that it intends to seek rolled-in rate treatment for the costs of the network upgrades in subsequent proceedings before the appropriate state and/or federal regulatory agencies" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Grid; transmission infrastructure for first phase to exceed $22 million (per OCC filing)", "source": "s1", "quote": "Electricity transmission infrastructure to serve the first phase of the data center would exceed $22 million in cost, the OCC filing says." }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Operations could start in September 2026 (per OCC filing, 2024)", "source": "s1", "quote": "The OCC filing said the data center would be located at the Midwest Mega Commerce Center in Fayette County's Jefferson Township and that operations could start in September 2026." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Along Interstate 71 between State Route 729 and U.S. 35", "source": "s4", "quote": "along Interstate 71 between State Route 729 and U.S. 35" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-11-22", "event": "AWS confirms it filed documents while exploring the Midwest Mega Commerce Center site in Jefferson Township", "source": "s1", "quote": "recently filed documents as part of the process in exploring possible data center locations" }, { "date": "2024-12", "event": "Amazon Data Services, Inc. buys 589.843 acres in Jefferson Township, paying just over $102 million", "source": "s3", "quote": "Amazon Data Services, Inc. purchased 589.843 acres in Jefferson Township for just over $102 million last month." }, { "date": "2025-01-10", "event": "AWS selects Jefferson Township as its first data center location outside the Columbus region, with a $5 billion commitment through 2030", "source": "s2", "quote": "AWS has selected Jefferson Township in Fayette County as its first data center location outside of the Columbus region" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "A Paint Township resident asked county commissioners to enact a one-year moratorium on data center development in Paint Township (s7)", "Fayette County commissioners postponed discussion of a potential one-year moratorium on data center-related zoning applications in unincorporated areas (s8)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "AWS weighing up data center project in Fayette County, Ohio", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aws-weighing-up-data-center-project-in-fayette-county-ohio/", "date": "2024-11-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Fayette County lands $5 billion AWS investment for new data centers", "publisher": "Ohio Tech News", "url": "https://www.ohiotechnews.com/fayette-county-lands-5-billion-aws-investment-for-new-data-centers/", "date": "2025-01-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Amazon acquires 590 acres in Jefferson Township, Ohio, for $102m", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/amazon-acquires-590-acres-in-jefferson-township-ohio-for-102-million/", "date": "2025-01-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Amazon purchases nearly 600 acres in Fayette County for new data center", "publisher": "WCMH NBC4 (via Yahoo Finance)", "url": "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/amazon-purchases-nearly-600-acres-170000170.html", "date": "2025-01-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Amazon Web Services to build new datacenter campus in Fayette County", "publisher": "Columbus/Central Ohio Building & Construction Trades Council", "url": "https://columbusconstruction.org/amazon-web-services-to-build-new-datacenter-campus-in-fayette-county/", "date": "2025-01-30", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Amazon Web Services confirms Fayette County plans", "publisher": "Dayton Daily News", "url": "https://www.daytondailynews.com/local/new-details-amazon-web-services-confirms-fayette-county-plans/2B776N3FQVCLRGFTE45KZR7WGU/", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Fayette Co. commissioners field annexation petitions amid data center pushback", "publisher": "Scioto Valley Guardian", "url": "https://sciotovalleyguardian.com/2026/08/27/fayette-co-commissioners-field-annexation-petitions-amid-data-center-pushback/", "date": "2026-08-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Fayette Co. commissioners to vote on 61-acre Jeffersonville annexation", "publisher": "Scioto Valley Guardian", "url": "https://sciotovalleyguardian.com/2026/09/12/fayette-co-commissioners-to-vote-on-61-acre-jeffersonville-annexation/", "date": "2026-09-12", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "aws-project-green-new-florence-mo", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/aws-project-green-new-florence-mo", "name": "AWS Project Green", "aka": [ "Project Green" ], "city": "New Florence", "county": "Montgomery County", "state": "MO", "lat": 38.909, "lng": -91.45, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Montgomery County approved a tax abatement and incentive program; a lawsuit by Preserve Montgomery County survived most of a motion to dismiss in September 2026", "developer": "Amazon Web Services", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Amazon Web Services plans Project Green, a data center campus of about 1,000 acres near New Florence in Montgomery County, Missouri, which Amazon and Gov. Mike Kehoe announced in June 2026 as a $10 billion investment. The campus would draw water from deep wells in the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer, and AWS says all 17 proposed buildings together would use about 50 million gallons of water a year. The advocacy group Preserve Montgomery County is suing the county and the Missouri Department of Economic Development, and in September 2026 a Cole County judge let most of the case proceed.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 10000000000, "source": "s5", "quote": "Amazon announced its plans to invest $10 billion to construct a new, state-of-the-art data center campus" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 400, "note": "direct jobs, plus thousands of construction jobs", "source": "s5", "quote": "expected to create 400 new direct jobs, thousands of construction jobs" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1000, "source": "s3", "quote": "The 1,000-acre prospective data center is planned in New Florence on the corner of Hudson Road and Ellis Road." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 17, "note": "AWS says total annual water use at full buildout of all 17 proposed buildings would be about 50 million gallons", "source": "s2", "quote": "At full buildout of all 17 proposed buildings, total annual water use would be about 50 million gallons" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Deep wells in the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer (drilled to about 1,500 feet)", "source": "s4", "quote": "Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer, with wells drilled to depths of 1,500 feet" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Outside-air cooling most of the year, with water cooling part of the time", "note": "AWS says outside air is used about 93 percent of the year", "source": "s2", "quote": "outside air will be used for cooling about 93 percent of the year" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Ameren Missouri", "source": "s1", "quote": "Brent Speight, president of the Greater Montgomery County Economic Development Council, told KOMU 8 News that Ameren Missouri would provide the power for the Montgomery County data center." }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Ameren Missouri grid; Amazon to pay full cost of electric service", "source": "s5", "quote": "Amazon will pay for 100% of the costs to provide electric service to this new data center campus in Montgomery County, including all costs with connecting to the energy grid, with no incentives or discounts on electric rates." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "County tax abatement and incentive program", "source": "s3", "quote": "The County Commission's approval of a tax abatement and incentive program for the AWS data center" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Amazon committed to paying 100% of its property taxes plus fire and ambulance taxes", "source": "s7", "quote": "Amazon has committed to paying 100% of its property taxes, as well as fire and ambulance taxes" }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "Amazon applied for a minor air construction permit under 10 CSR 10-6.060 (application cover letter dated March 14, 2026)", "note": "application proposes a site-wide NOx limit of 99 tons per year", "quote": "applying for a minor construction permit in accordance with procedures specified in Missouri Code of State Regulations (CSR), 10 CSR 10-6.060 … site-wide NOX limitation of 99 tons per year", "source": "s11" }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "476 generators of 2.75 MW, 4 of 1.6 MW, 1 of 400 kW and 2 of 250 kW", "note": "as proposed in the air permit application; emergency generators to be limited to 500 hours per year", "quote": "four hundred and seventy-six (476) 2.75 megawatt (MW) generators, four (4) 1.6 MW generators, one (1) 400 kW generator, and two (2) 250 kW generators … emergency generators will be limited to 500 hours per year", "source": "s11" }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "Water quality review for Project Green domestic wastewater: wastewater from employee restrooms and facilities, design flow 0.034 MGD, discharging to a tributary of Elkhorn Creek", "quote": "DESIGN FLOW (MGD) 0.034 … The proposed discharge will include domestic wastewater from employee restrooms and facilities. … The proposed outfall will discharge to the tributary to Elkhorn Creek", "source": "s12" }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "No state regulations on water use (Missouri is a riparian state); heavy water users such as Project Green must report water use to MoDNR", "quote": "Still, there are no regulations on water use because Missouri is a riparian state, where landowners have the right to use water that flows within or along their property. … Heavy water users like the Project Green facilities are required to report their water usage to MoDNR.", "source": "s4" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-11-26", "event": "KOMU reports AWS plans a data center near New Florence, with power from Ameren Missouri", "source": "s1", "quote": "Brent Speight, president of the Greater Montgomery County Economic Development Council, told KOMU 8 News that Ameren Missouri would provide the power for the Montgomery County data center." }, { "date": "2025-12", "event": "AWS answers Montgomery County Commission questions on water use, estimating about 50 million gallons a year at full buildout", "source": "s2", "quote": "formally responded to questions from the Montgomery County Commission regarding water use" }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "event": "Montgomery County Commission hears public comment on the project", "source": "s3", "quote": "The Montgomery County Commission heard public comment Monday morning" }, { "date": "2026-02", "event": "Preserve Montgomery County files a lawsuit against the county", "source": "s9", "quote": "In February, the advocacy group Preserve Montgomery County filed a lawsuit against the county." }, { "date": "2026-03-14", "event": "Date of Amazon's air construction permit application cover letter; the application covers 483 generators", "quote": "four hundred and seventy-six (476) 2.75 megawatt (MW) generators, four (4) 1.6 MW generators, one (1) 400 kW generator, and two (2) 250 kW generators", "source": "s11" }, { "date": "2026-06-15", "event": "Amazon and Gov. Mike Kehoe announce a $10 billion data center campus in Montgomery County", "source": "s5", "quote": "Amazon announced its plans to invest $10 billion to construct a new, state-of-the-art data center campus" }, { "date": "2026-08-27", "event": "Cole County judge hears arguments on motion to dismiss the Preserve Montgomery County lawsuit", "source": "s8", "quote": "According to court documents, Cole County Judge Cotton Walker took arguments under advisement after a hearing on Aug. 27." }, { "date": "2026-09-18", "event": "Cole County Circuit Judge Cotton Walker denies most of the motion to dismiss and finds the group has standing", "source": "s9", "quote": "On Friday, Cole County Circuit Judge Cotton Walker denied the motion to dismiss most of the lawsuit." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Preserve Montgomery County v. Montgomery County and Missouri Department of Economic Development", "court": "Cole County Circuit Court", "filed": "2026-02", "status": "pending", "summary": "The group says the county and state did not give proper public notice or adequate information on water and electricity use and tax abatement terms for the Amazon and Google data centers; the judge dismissed only a claim about grant administration.", "source": "s9", "quote": "Walker determined that the advocacy group does have standing to assert its claims and can move forward." } ], "issues": [ "AWS estimates about 2.9 million gallons of water a year per building and about 50 million gallons a year at full buildout (s2, s10)", "Residents raised concerns about noise, pollution, water and electricity use, and home values (s3)", "A lawsuit says the county failed to post proper public notice or give adequate information about water and electricity use and tax abatement terms (s9)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Amazon data center coming to Montgomery County", "publisher": "KOMU 8", "url": "https://www.komu.com/news/midmissourinews/an-amazon-data-center-could-be-coming-to-montgomery-county/article_58754ca4-8142-4d86-8039-32c4d184a7e4.html", "date": "2025-11-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "AWS Responds to Montgomery County Commission With Detailed Water Use Commitments", "publisher": "The Missouri Times", "url": "https://themissouritimes.com/aws-responds-to-montgomery-county-commission-with-detailed-water-use-commitments/", "date": "2025-12-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Montgomery County hears comment on data center project", "publisher": "KOMU 8", "url": "https://www.komu.com/news/midmissourinews/montgomery-county-hears-public-comment-on-amazon-data-center-process/article_d43107d7-3b24-4a17-870c-e760059ea0f8.html", "date": "2026-01-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "New Florence AWS data center to tap local aquifer for water", "publisher": "ABC17 News", "url": "https://abc17news.com/weather/insider-blog/2026/06/02/new-florence-aws-data-center-to-tap-local-aquifer-for-water/", "date": "2026-06-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Amazon Investing $10 Billion in Montgomery County", "publisher": "Office of Missouri Governor Mike Kehoe", "url": "https://governor.mo.gov/press-releases/archive/amazon-investing-10-billion-montgomery-county", "date": "2026-06-15", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Two huge data center projects in Montgomery County are dividing the community", "publisher": "Columbia Missourian", "url": "https://www.columbiamissourian.com/news/state_news/two-huge-data-center-projects-in-montgomery-county-are-dividing-the-community/article_cce0a3c1-97f9-4ccc-abb4-b7287a32ad1d.html", "date": "2026-06-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Preserve Montgomery County hosts town hall on data center plan", "publisher": "KBIA", "url": "https://www.kbia.org/missouri-news/2026-09-15/preserve-montgomery-county-hosts-town-hall-on-data-center-plan", "date": "2026-09-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Advocacy group can continue to challenge data centers being built in Montgomery County, judge rules", "publisher": "KBIA / Columbia Missourian", "url": "https://www.kbia.org/missouri-news-network/2026-09-21/advocacy-group-can-continue-to-challenge-data-centers-being-built-in-montgomery-county-judge-rules", "date": "2026-09-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Amazon's mid-Missouri data center could use 50 million gallons of water per year", "publisher": "FOX 2 (KTVI), via AOL", "url": "https://www.aol.com/news/amazon-mid-missouri-data-center-220512984.html", "date": "2026-06-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "Amazon Data Center-New Florence Complete Application (May 2026)", "publisher": "Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Air Pollution Control Program", "url": "https://dnr.mo.gov/sites/dnr/files/vfc/2026/05/main/amazon-data-center-new-florence-complete-application-may-2026.pdf", "date": "2026-03-14", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s12", "title": "Project Green Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant Draft Water Quality Antidegradation Determination, July 2, 2026", "publisher": "Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Water Protection Program", "url": "https://dnr.mo.gov/sites/dnr/files/vfc/2026/07/main/act1930-monew-project-green-domestic-20260717-revised-antideg-fa-montgomery-cw.docx_.pdf", "date": "2026-07-02", "type": "government" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "aws-wilmington-clinton-county-oh", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/aws-wilmington-clinton-county-oh", "name": "AWS Wilmington data center", "aka": [ "Amazon Wilmington data center" ], "city": "Wilmington", "county": "Clinton County", "state": "OH", "lat": 39.4453, "lng": -83.8285, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Site annexed by City Council Aug. 7, 2025; Ohio Supreme Court kept a citizen data center regulation initiative off the Nov. 3, 2026 ballot", "developer": "Amazon Web Services", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Amazon Web Services plans a data center on a 471-acre parcel at 1488 S US 68 on the south side of Wilmington, with $4 billion in estimated capital expenditures. The site was annexed by City Council on Aug. 7, 2025, and a school compensation agreement was approved in November 2025. On Sept. 18, 2026, the Supreme Court of Ohio ruled that a citizen initiative that would add data center regulations to Wilmington's zoning code cannot be placed on the Nov. 3 ballot.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 471, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1", "quote": "The project will be developed on a 471-acre parcel on the south side of the city at 1488 S US 68, Wilmington, OH 45177." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "1488 S US 68, Wilmington, OH 45177", "source": "s1", "quote": "The project will be developed on a 471-acre parcel on the south side of the city at 1488 S US 68, Wilmington, OH 45177." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 4000000000, "note": "estimated capital expenditures", "source": "s2", "quote": "$4 billion in estimated capital expenditures" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 100, "note": "minimum", "source": "s1", "quote": "The project will result in a minimum of 100 new permanent jobs" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": "over 200", "source": "s1", "quote": "The project will also result in over 200 construction jobs." }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": "6 million gallons per year", "note": "annual estimate; no daily figure given", "source": "s1", "quote": "The site will use an estimated 6 million gallons of water PER YEAR." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "AES Ohio", "source": "s1", "quote": "AWS will pay 100% of the cost of service to the project site and 100% of the cost of the electricity used at the project site." }, { "field": "abatement_years", "value": 30, "source": "s2", "quote": "30-year, 100% property tax abatement offset only by a 30% Payment in Lieu of Taxes (PILOT) for an effective 70% tax abatement" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "30% payment in lieu of taxes offsetting a 100% property tax abatement", "note": "as characterized by Policy Matters Ohio", "source": "s2", "quote": "30-year, 100% property tax abatement offset only by a 30% Payment in Lieu of Taxes (PILOT) for an effective 70% tax abatement" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "State data center sales- and use-tax exemption on eligible equipment", "source": "s1", "quote": "The State of Ohio provides Data Center Tax Credits which provide a sales- and use-tax exemption on eligible data center equipment and related purchases." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-08-07", "event": "Wilmington City Council approves annexation of the project site", "source": "s1", "quote": "The annexation of the Project Site was approved by Wilmington City Council on August 7, 2025" }, { "date": "2025-11-19", "event": "Wilmington City Schools Board of Education approves the School Compensation Agreement", "source": "s1", "quote": "The School Compensation Agreement was approved by the Wilmington City Schools Board of Education on November 19, 2025." }, { "date": "2026-08", "event": "Clinton County Board of Elections votes unanimously not to certify a citizen data center regulation initiative", "source": "s4", "quote": "After the city law director raised concerns about the proposed right to sue, the board voted unanimously in August not to certify the initiative." }, { "date": "2026-09-18", "event": "Supreme Court of Ohio rules the initiative cannot appear on the Nov. 3 ballot", "source": "s5", "quote": "A citizen initiative to add data center regulations to the city of Wilmington's zoning code cannot appear on the Nov. 3 general election ballot." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "State ex rel. Kidd v. Clinton Cty. Bd. of Elections", "court": "Supreme Court of Ohio", "filed": "2026", "status": "decided", "summary": "The court held the board of elections could reject the Wilmington data center regulation initiative because it would create a private cause of action the city lacks power to enact.", "source": "s5", "quote": "A Supreme Court majority found the Clinton County Board of Elections could reject the placement of the proposed ordinance on the ballot because the proposal would create a 'private cause of action,' which is not within the city's power to enact." } ], "issues": [ "Policy Matters Ohio called the abatement deal a bad deal for Wilmington and said the 100 permanent jobs are not guaranteed (s2)", "Some residents at a public meeting did not oppose the data center but objected to the specific location (s3)", "The citizen initiative would have set standards for noise, lighting, emissions, generator testing, water use, wastewater and heat (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Data Center FAQs", "publisher": "Clinton County Port Authority (Choose Clinton County)", "url": "https://www.chooseclintoncountyoh.org/news/data-center-faqs", "date": "2026-03-27", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Amazon data center proposal is a bad deal for Wilmington", "publisher": "Policy Matters Ohio", "url": "https://policymattersohio.org/news/2026/01/07/amazon-data-center-proposal-a-bad-deal-for-wilmington/", "date": "2026-01-07", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Residents ask questions about plans for $4B Amazon data center in Wilmington", "publisher": "WHIO-TV (via Yahoo News)", "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/residents-ask-questions-plans-4b-030123458.html", "date": "2025", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Court rules proposed Wilmington data center ordinance cannot go before voters", "publisher": "WKRC Local 12", "url": "https://local12.com/news/local/ohio-supreme-court-wilmington-data-center-ballot-measure-ruling", "date": "2026-09-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Proposed Data Center Regulations for Wilmington Will Not Be on November Ballot", "publisher": "Court News Ohio", "url": "https://www.courtnewsohio.gov/cases/2026/SCO/0918/261165.asp", "date": "2026-09-18", "type": "court" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "balico-pittsylvania-county-va", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/balico-pittsylvania-county-va", "name": "Balico data center campus and gas plant", "aka": [ "Balico Pittsylvania" ], "city": "Chatham", "county": "Pittsylvania County", "state": "VA", "lat": 36.8257, "lng": -79.3978, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "denied", "statusNote": "Board of Supervisors denied rezoning 6-1 on 2025-04-15 after refusing the developer's request to withdraw; reapplication barred for one year", "developer": "Balico LLC", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Herndon-based Balico proposed a data center campus paired with a 3,500 MW natural gas power plant in the Chalk Level area near Chatham, Pittsylvania County. The original 2,200-acre plan was withdrawn in November 2024 and resubmitted at about 750 acres with 12 data center buildings. The Planning Commission unanimously recommended denial in January 2025, and the Board of Supervisors denied the rezoning 6-1 in April 2025.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 750, "unit": "acres", "note": "revised rezoning request; original proposal about 2,200 acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 12, "note": "two-story spec buildings of 396,000 sq ft each in revised plan; original plan described 84 buildings", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "On-site 3,500 MW natural gas power plant owned/operated by Balico, supplied via Mountain Valley Pipeline", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 8850000000, "note": "data center campus; separately $360 million for mobile turbines", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 390, "note": "150 at power station and 240 at data centers, per developer", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 2000000, "note": "per Virginia Business; WVTF reported at least 6 million gallons daily", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 300, "note": "initial phase in revised November 2024 plan", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Pittsylvania County Board of Supervisors denied rezoning Case R-25-001, 6-1, on April 15, 2025 (Supervisor Timothy W. Dudley voted no)", "source": "s7", "quote": "Motion to deny Balico, LLC's rezoning application based upon the proposed layout of the project, the height and profile of the structures of the proposed project, the expected emissions, the limited benefit of jobs for the County, and the lack of clarity in the proffers and plans presented. RESULT: 6-1 (Deny)" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Requested rezoning from R-1 (Residential Suburban Subdivision) and A-1 (Agricultural) to M-2 (Heavy Industry) for a natural gas power plant and data centers; denied", "source": "s7", "quote": "The applicant is requesting to rezone fourteen (14) parcels, totaling 763.16 acres, from R-1, Residential Suburban Subdivision District, and A-1, Agricultural District, to M-2, Industrial District, Heavy Industry, to allow for a Private Utility (Natural Gas Power Plant) and Data Centers." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Case R-25-001: fourteen parcels, GPIN #s 2426-88-4949, 2426-98-9726, 2426-38-9947, 2426-56-2605, 2426-56-8488, 2426-58-2580, 2426-68-2591, 2427-50-0255, 2436-38-3349, 2436-18-9886, 2436-09-5712, 2436-67-3437, 2426-69-3980, 2436-75-1295 (Banister Election District)", "note": "minutes give 763.16 acres for the revised request", "source": "s7", "quote": "in the Banister Election District and shown on the Tax Maps as GPIN #s 2426-88-4949, 2426-98-9726, 2426-38-9947, 2426-56-2605, 2426-56-8488, 2426-58-2580, 2426-68-2591, 2427-50-0255, 2436-38-3349, 2436-18-9886, 2436-09-5712, 2436-67-3437, 2426-69-3980, and 2436-75-1295." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-10", "event": "Balico files original rezoning application", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2024-11", "event": "Original 2,200-acre application withdrawn; scaled-back plan to be resubmitted", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-01-07", "event": "Planning Commission unanimously recommends denial after five-hour hearing", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-04-14", "event": "Balico announces it is withdrawing its application and exploring a residential subdivision instead", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-04-15", "event": "Board chairman denies withdrawal request; Board of Supervisors votes 6-1 to deny rezoning", "source": "s4" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about noise, traffic, and loss of rural character (s1)", "A Harvard/SELC health report projected at least 326.53 tons of PM2.5 emissions per year from the plant (s2, s5)", "Chatham's mayor said town officials were not consulted beforehand; the Planning Commission cited a lack of transparency (s1)", "Balico said the project could generate up to $120 million a year in tax revenue; supervisors cited limited benefit (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Proposed $8.8B+ Pittsylvania data center campus hits roadblock", "publisher": "Virginia Business", "url": "https://virginiabusiness.com/proposed-8-8b-pittsylvania-data-center-campus-hits-roadblock/", "date": "2025-01-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Balico withdraws application to build data centers in Pittsylvania County", "publisher": "WVTF / Radio IQ", "url": "https://www.wvtf.org/news/2025-04-14/balico-withdraws-application-to-build-data-centers-in-pittsylvania-county", "date": "2025-04-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Revised gas-powered 300MW data center campus in the works for Pittsylvania County, Virginia", "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/revised-gas-powered-300mw-data-center-campus-in-the-works-for-pittsylvania-county-virginia/", "date": "2024-11-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Pittsylvania rejects data center project that has dominated county conversation for 6 months", "publisher": "Cardinal News", "url": "https://cardinalnews.org/2025/04/16/pittsylvania-rejects-data-center-project-that-has-dominated-county-conversation-for-6-months/", "date": "2025-04-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Data Center and Gas Plant DENIED in Pittsylvania County", "publisher": "Virginia Conservation Network", "url": "https://vcnva.org/denying-balico-data-center-and-gas-plant/", "date": "2025-05-01", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Pittsylvania County denies Balico's request to withdraw rezoning application", "publisher": "WDBJ7", "url": "https://www.wdbj7.com/2025/04/15/pittsylvania-county-denies-balicos-request-withdraw-rezoning-application/", "date": "2025-04-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Pittsylvania County Board of Supervisors' Business Meeting, April 15, 2025 (minutes)", "publisher": "Pittsylvania County", "url": "https://weblink.pittgov.net/WebLink/edoc/535417/04-15-2025%20Business%20Meeting%20-%20FINAL.pdf?dbid=0&repo=PittGovDocs", "type": "government", "date": "2025-04-15" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "cloverleaf-greenleaf-brown-county-wi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/cloverleaf-greenleaf-brown-county-wi", "name": "Cloverleaf, Greenleaf", "aka": [], "city": "Greenleaf", "county": "Brown County", "state": "WI", "lat": 44.316937, "lng": -88.097169, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "cancelled", "statusNote": "FOX 11 reported the Greenleaf project was discontinued, citing a town supervisor's post; Cloverleaf said in January 2026 it would not pursue data centers in the village of Greenleaf or the Town of Wrightstown", "developer": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure, which locates and develops land for data centers, had a potential data center project in Greenleaf; LedgeStone Vineyard sits across the street from the proposed site. On Jan. 12, 2026, FOX 11 reported that the project was being discontinued, based on a Facebook post by Town of Wrightstown Supervisor Jesse Juedes. A Cloverleaf statement released the same week said the company would not pursue data centers in the village of Greenleaf or the Town of Wrightstown, while it kept looking for sites elsewhere in Northeast Wisconsin.", "facts": [], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-01-12", "event": "Residents gather for an informational session hosted by LedgeStone Vineyard, located across the street from the proposed site; everyone FOX 11 spoke with opposed a data center", "source": "s1", "quote": "Monday's meeting was hosted by LedgeStone Vineyard, which sits across the street from the site where the data center was proposed." }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "event": "FOX 11 reports Cloverleaf is discontinuing the potential Greenleaf project, based on a post by Town of Wrightstown Supervisor Jesse Juedes", "source": "s1", "quote": "A Facebook post Monday night by Town of Wrightstown Supervisor Jesse Juedes says Cloverleaf Infrastructure, a company that finds and develops land for data centers, is backing out of a potential data center project in Greenleaf." }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "event": "Cloverleaf's chief development officer says the company respects that local leadership does not want data centers and will look elsewhere in Northeast Wisconsin", "source": "s1", "quote": "We understand and respect that leadership for the village of Greenleaf and the town of Wrightstown don't want data centers in their jurisdictions. We will continue to look elsewhere." }, { "date": "2026-01-13", "event": "Cloverleaf's chief development officer says in a statement that the company will not pursue data centers in the village of Greenleaf or the Town of Wrightstown", "source": "s5", "quote": "will not be pursuing datacenters in those jurisdictions" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents cited higher energy prices, aquifer depletion and loss of peace and quiet; those FOX 11 spoke with said no amount of money would change their minds about selling land (s1)", "Cloverleaf told FOX 11 it was not discontinuing its intent to build a data center in Northeast Wisconsin (s1)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Company discontinues possible AI data center project in Greenleaf after community backlash", "publisher": "FOX 11 (WLUK)", "url": "https://fox11online.com/news/local/company-discontinues-possible-ai-data-center-project-in-greenleaf-after-community-backlash", "date": "2026-01-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Wrightstown residents threaten to leave village amid potential data center project", "publisher": "FOX 11 (WLUK)", "url": "https://fox11online.com/news/local/wrightstown-village-board-data-center-debate-artificial-intelligence-computer-servers", "date": "2026-05-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Residents speak out against possible data center in northeast Wisconsin's village of Wrightstown", "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio", "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/residents-speak-out-against-possible-data-center-in-northeast-wisconsins-village-of-wrightstown", "date": "2026-05-19", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Referendum on data centers to be held in Wrightstown, Wisconsin", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/referendum-on-data-centers-to-be-held-in-wrightstown-wisconsin/", "date": "2026-06-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Data center withdraws plans to build in Brown County following community pushback in Greenleaf", "publisher": "Spectrum News 1 (Wisconsin)", "url": "https://spectrumnews1.com/wi/milwaukee/news/2026/01/13/data-center-withdraws-plans-to-build-in-brown-county-following-community-pushback-greenleaf-", "date": "2026-01-13", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-05" }, { "slug": "cloverleaf-wrightstown-brown-county-wi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/cloverleaf-wrightstown-brown-county-wi", "name": "Cloverleaf, Village of Wrightstown", "aka": [], "city": "Wrightstown", "county": "Brown County", "state": "WI", "lat": 44.327137, "lng": -88.175633, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "rumored", "statusNote": "No formal proposal submitted as of May 2026; village voters rejected an advisory (non-binding) referendum question on Aug. 11, 2026", "developer": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure has been in contact with Wrightstown officials since early 2026 about a data center that a company executive compared in size to the opening phase at Port Washington; FOX 11 reported in May 2026 that no formal proposal had been submitted. On Aug. 11, 2026, 87% of voters in the village of Wrightstown said No to an advisory, non-binding referendum question on whether the village should authorize or take part in public improvements connected to large data center projects.", "facts": [ { "field": "zoning", "value": "No formal proposal submitted (as of May 2026)", "source": "s2", "quote": "At this time no formal proposal has been submitted." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Cloverleaf gave the village Port Washington documents to use as a model for annexation, zoning and pre-development agreements; no application filed", "source": "s3", "quote": "The company has given Wrightstown agreements and documents from Port Washington as a template for annexation, zoning and pre-development agreements." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Village of Wrightstown advisory referendum, Aug. 11, 2026: 87% voted No on whether the village should authorize or participate in public improvements connected to large data center projects", "note": "non-binding advisory question", "source": "s6", "quote": "A total of 87% voted \"No\" to a referendum question asking if the village should authorize or participate in any public improvements connected to any large data center projects." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-01-12", "event": "A Cloverleaf project development manager emails the village administrator that the company has leads that could land it close to the Village of Wrightstown's border, according to emails released under an open records request", "source": "s3", "quote": "In a Jan. 12 email, Travis Armistead, project development manager for Cloverleaf, told Coenen the company had 'a few leads' that could 'hopefully land us close to the Village of Wrightstown's border.'" }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "event": "Cloverleaf is reported to be backing out of a potential project in Greenleaf; the company says it will not pursue data centers in the village of Greenleaf or the Town of Wrightstown (see cloverleaf-greenleaf-brown-county-wi)", "source": "s1", "quote": "We understand and respect that leadership for the village of Greenleaf and the town of Wrightstown don't want data centers in their jurisdictions. We will continue to look elsewhere." }, { "date": "2026-03", "event": "Cloverleaf's chief development officer tells the village administrator by email that a northeast Wisconsin project would be comparable in size to the opening phase of the Port Washington data center", "source": "s3", "quote": "In a March email, Aaron Bilyeu, chief development officer for Cloverleaf Infrastructure, told Village Administrator Travis Coenen that a northeast Wisconsin project would be similar in scale to the first phase of the data center under construction in Port Washington." }, { "date": "2026-05-05", "event": "Cloverleaf confirms to FOX 11 that Wrightstown is an area it is looking at", "source": "s2", "quote": "Cloverleaf, an industrial real estate developer specializing in data centers, confirmed with FOX 11 Tuesday night that Wrightstown is an area they are looking at." }, { "date": "2026-05-19", "event": "Residents speak against a possible data center at the second of four planned community discussions at Wrightstown Village Hall", "source": "s3", "quote": "Residents spoke out Tuesday during the second of four planned community discussions on data centers at Wrightstown Village Hall." }, { "date": "2026-08-11", "event": "Village voters answer No to an advisory, non-binding referendum question on whether the village should authorize or participate in public improvements connected to large data center projects", "source": "s6", "quote": "The referendum question on the primary ballot isn't binding; rather, it was just an advisory question." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "No formal proposal had been submitted as of May 2026 (s2)", "A village trustee said a developer was looking at land in the neighboring town of Wrightstown; residents say they believe Cloverleaf is targeting land behind the high school between Shanty Rd. and County D (s2, s3)", "Board President Dean Erickson said he would not support a pause because there is no official proposal (s2)", "The Village Board voted to hold the non-binding referendum after villagers raised concerns about the Cloverleaf project (s4)", "Residents raised concerns about traffic, noise, power use and the character of the village (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Company discontinues possible AI data center project in Greenleaf after community backlash", "publisher": "FOX 11 (WLUK)", "url": "https://fox11online.com/news/local/company-discontinues-possible-ai-data-center-project-in-greenleaf-after-community-backlash", "date": "2026-01-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Wrightstown residents threaten to leave village amid potential data center project", "publisher": "FOX 11 (WLUK)", "url": "https://fox11online.com/news/local/wrightstown-village-board-data-center-debate-artificial-intelligence-computer-servers", "date": "2026-05-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Residents speak out against possible data center in northeast Wisconsin's village of Wrightstown", "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio", "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/residents-speak-out-against-possible-data-center-in-northeast-wisconsins-village-of-wrightstown", "date": "2026-05-19", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Referendum on data centers to be held in Wrightstown, Wisconsin", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/referendum-on-data-centers-to-be-held-in-wrightstown-wisconsin/", "date": "2026-06-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Wrightstown residents vote no on data center referendum", "publisher": "WBAY", "url": "https://www.wbay.com/2026/08/12/wrightstown-residents-vote-no-data-center-referendum/", "date": "2026-08-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Voters in Wrightstown don't want large data center developments", "publisher": "Spectrum News 1 (Wisconsin)", "url": "https://spectrumnews1.com/wi/milwaukee/news/2026/08/12/voters-wrightstown-referendum-large-data-center-developments", "date": "2026-08-12", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-05" }, { "slug": "compass-red-oak-second-campus-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/compass-red-oak-second-campus-tx", "name": "Compass Datacenters Red Oak second campus", "aka": [], "city": "Red Oak", "county": "Ellis County", "state": "TX", "lat": 32.5176, "lng": -96.8045, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Red Oak City Council approved rezoning and a tax abatement 4-1 in May 2026 despite a planning board recommendation against it", "developer": "Compass Datacenters", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Compass Datacenters has proposed a second Red Oak campus on nearly 830 acres of agricultural land. Council members voted 4-1 to rezone the land to planned development for a 'high tech industrial park' and 4-1 to grant a tax abatement, after the planning and zoning board voted 3-2 on April 27 not to recommend the rezoning. Residents raised concerns about noise, strain on the power grid and the site's proximity to schools.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 830, "unit": "acres", "note": "nearly 830 acres", "source": "s1", "quote": "Council members voted 4-1 for rezoning nearly 830 acres from agricultural district to planned development for a 'high tech industrial park.'" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "$2.82 million tax abatement over the next decade", "source": "s3", "quote": "The council approved a $2.82 million tax abatement over the next decade" }, { "field": "abatement_usd", "value": 2820000, "source": "s3", "quote": "The council approved a $2.82 million tax abatement over the next decade" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "note": "city manager said the system would require 10 million gallons of water annually", "source": "s1", "quote": "City Manager Todd Fuller explained the center will use a closed-loop cooling system, which would require 10-million gallons of water annually." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Not city water for cooling (per city leaders)", "source": "s2", "quote": "it would not draw on city water for cooling the center" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Rezoned to planned development, from agricultural district, for a 'high tech industrial park'", "source": "s1", "quote": "Council members voted 4-1 for rezoning nearly 830 acres from agricultural district to planned development for a 'high tech industrial park.'" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Red Oak City Council approved rezoning 4-1 (Franklin, Flannery, Miller, Lightfoot for; Smith against) and a tax abatement 4-1", "source": "s1", "quote": "Council members Mayor Pro Tem Willie Franklin Jr., Sean Flannery, Ricardo Miller and Tim Lightfoot voted in favor of the rezoning, and Jeffery Smith voted against it." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-04-27", "event": "Planning and zoning board votes 3-2 not to recommend the rezoning", "source": "s1", "quote": "Monday's vote comes just two weeks after the city's planning and zoning board voted 3-2 to not recommend the rezoning on April 27." }, { "date": "2026-05", "event": "City Council approves rezoning of 830 acres around midnight after a packed meeting", "source": "s2", "quote": "It was around midnight when the council voted, approving the rezoning for 830 acres." }, { "date": "2026-05", "event": "City Council votes 4-1 to approve a tax abatement for the project", "source": "s2", "quote": "voted 4-1 in favor of a tax abatement for the data center project" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about noise, potential strain on the power grid and proximity to schools (s2)", "Residents cited noise, pollution and declining property values (s4)", "The developer says the project will result in $72 million in electric grid reinforcements (s3)", "It will be the sixth data center campus in Red Oak (s4, s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Red Oak rezones land for data center campus despite protests", "publisher": "Ellis County Press", "url": "https://www.elliscountypress.com/news/red-oak-rezones-land-data-center-campus-despite-protests", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Red Oak approves 800-acre data center project despite resident protests", "publisher": "FOX 4 Dallas-Fort Worth", "url": "https://www.fox4news.com/news/red-oak-data-center-city-council-protest", "date": "2026-05-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "New Red Oak Data Center Project Meets Community Pushback", "publisher": "Dallas Observer", "url": "https://www.dallasobserver.com/news/red-oak-data-center-meets-community-resistance-40674118/", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Red Oak City Council approves another data center in North Texas amid backlash from community", "publisher": "CBS News Texas", "url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/texas/news/red-oak-community-fight-against-another-data-center-getting-approved-north-texas/", "date": "2026-05-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Oppose? Expand? Votes in 2 North Texas communities highlight a divide over data center growth", "publisher": "KERA News", "url": "https://www.keranews.org/energy-environment/2026-05-12/oppose-expand-votes-in-2-north-texas-communities-highlight-a-divide-over-data-center-growth", "date": "2026-05-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Red Oak residents pack city council meeting to protest proposed data center", "publisher": "NewsRadio 1080 KRLD", "url": "https://www.audacy.com/krld/news/local/red-oak-residents-pack-city-council-meeting-to-protest-proposed-data-center", "date": "2026-05-12", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "devlin-technology-park-prince-william-county-va", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/devlin-technology-park-prince-william-county-va", "name": "Devlin Technology Park", "aka": [ "Devlin Tech Park" ], "city": "Bristow", "county": "Prince William County", "state": "VA", "lat": 38.7218, "lng": -77.5386, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Rezoning upheld by the Court of Appeals of Virginia in September 2025; Amazon Data Services bought the site in November 2025", "developer": "Stanley Martin Homes", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Devlin Technology Park is a data center site in Bristow covering about 270 acres along Devlin Road, zoned to allow data center space of up to 3.5 million square feet and up to three substations. The Prince William Board of County Supervisors approved the rezoning in November 2023 in a party-line vote, residents' legal challenge was dismissed in circuit court and the dismissal was affirmed on appeal in September 2025. Amazon Data Services paid Stanley Martin Homes $700 million for the site, according to reports.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 270, "note": "approximate rezoned area", "source": "s5", "quote": "The Ordinance rezoned approximately 270 acres (the 'Property') to allow for the development of data centers and amended the Data Center Opportunity Zone Overlay District to include the Property within the Overlay District." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 188.5, "note": "portion of the park bought by Amazon Data Services", "source": "s4", "quote": "Amazon Data Services has bought approximately 188.5 acres in Prince William County" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 3500000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "maximum allowed by zoning", "source": "s3", "quote": "Devlin Tech Park, along Devlin Road south of Interstate 66 and north of Linton Hall Road, has been zoned to allow for up to 3.5 million square feet of data center space and up to three substations." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 4200000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "figure as described in reporting on the residents' lawsuit; differs from the 3.5 million sq ft zoning maximum reported elsewhere", "source": "s6", "quote": "4.2-million square feet of between seven to nine data centers" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": "up to nine", "source": "s2", "quote": "A plan to allow up to nine new data centers on about 270 acres along Devlin Road in Bristow will move forward after a judge dismissed on Thursday a lawsuit" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Amazon reportedly bought the 270-acre site for $700 million", "note": "reported land purchase price, not a stated construction investment", "source": "s3", "quote": "Sources say the company bought the 270-acre site from Stanley Martin Homes for $700 million in a deal that closed late last month." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Prince William Board of County Supervisors approved rezoning 5-3 along party lines (November 2023)", "source": "s1", "quote": "The vote was split along party lines with five Democrats voting yes to rezone the land and three Republicans voting no." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Rezoned to light industrial; added to the Data Center Opportunity Zone Overlay District", "source": "s4", "quote": "Prince William County Board of Supervisors voted 5-3 to rezone the land in Devlin Technology Park to light industrial" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-11-29", "event": "Board of County Supervisors approves the rezoning in a lame-duck vote, over opposition from Bristow residents", "source": "s2", "quote": "about a month after the board's \"lame duck\" vote on Nov. 29, 2023, to approve the rezoning despite intense opposition from Bristow residents." }, { "date": "2023-12-28", "event": "Nearby residents file suit to overturn the rezoning", "source": "s2", "quote": "The nonprofit filed the lawsuit on Dec. 28, 2023" }, { "date": "2024-06-06", "event": "Prince William County Circuit Court dismisses the residents' lawsuit", "source": "s2", "quote": "Prince William County Circuit Court Judge Carroll A. Weimer Jr. rejected the residents' argument that the Prince William Board of County Supervisors violated its own comprehensive plan and county policies" }, { "date": "2025-09-16", "event": "Court of Appeals of Virginia affirms the circuit court judgment", "source": "s5", "quote": "For these reasons, the circuit court's judgment is affirmed." }, { "date": "2025-11-05", "event": "Amazon Data Services closes purchase of land in the park from Stanley Martin Homes", "source": "s4", "quote": "closed on Nov. 5." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "William Caparoula, et al. v. Board of County Supervisors of Prince William County, et al.", "court": "Court of Appeals of Virginia (Record No. 1137-24-4), on appeal from Prince William County Circuit Court", "status": "decided", "summary": "Residents' challenge to the Devlin Technology Park rezoning was dismissed in circuit court in June 2024, and the Court of Appeals affirmed on September 16, 2025.", "source": "s5", "quote": "For these reasons, the circuit court's judgment is affirmed. Affirmed." } ], "issues": [ "Residents said data centers are noisy, ugly and consume massive amounts of electricity (s1)", "Petitioners argued the rezoning wrongly accommodated an industrial use within a residential neighborhood near homes and schools (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Prince William County leaders vote to approve controversial Devlin Technology Park data center project", "publisher": "FOX 5 DC", "url": "https://www.fox5dc.com/news/prince-william-county-leaders-vote-to-approve-controversial-devlin-technology-park-data-center-project", "date": "2023-11-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Judge dismisses lawsuit challenging Bristow-area data center complex", "publisher": "Prince William Times", "url": "https://www.princewilliamtimes.com/news/judge-dismisses-lawsuit-challenging-bristow-area-data-center-complex/article_aaa873e4-2480-11ef-a6ee-4756f1583bc7.html", "date": "2024-06-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Amazon pays $700m for planned data center site in Virginia's Prince William County – report", "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/amazon-pays-700m-for-planned-data-center-site-in-virginias-prince-william-county-report/", "date": "2025-11-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Amazon buys 189 acres in Prince William tech park for $700M", "publisher": "Virginia Business", "url": "https://virginiabusiness.com/amazon-buys-189-acres-in-prince-william-tech-park-for-700m/", "date": "2025-11-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "William Caparoula, et al. v. Board of County Supervisors of Prince William County, et al., Record No. 1137-24-4 (memorandum opinion)", "publisher": "Court of Appeals of Virginia", "url": "https://www.vacourts.gov/static/opinions/opncavwp/1137244.pdf", "date": "2025-09-16", "type": "court" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Prince William County, data center developer move to dismiss Devlin Technology Park suit", "publisher": "InsideNoVa", "url": "https://www.insidenova.com/headlines/prince-william-county-data-center-developer-move-to-dismiss-devlin-technology-park-suit/article_015db3e6-c515-11ee-99f5-171a5f93e1e2.html", "date": "2024-02-06", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "eco-yotta-oneonta-ny", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/eco-yotta-oneonta-ny", "name": "Eco-Yotta Oneonta Data Center", "aka": [ "County Road 9 data center" ], "city": "Oneonta", "county": "Otsego County", "state": "NY", "lat": 42.476, "lng": -75.033, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Rezoning sought for 150 acres of farmland; the Town of Oneonta adopted a 12-month moratorium in 2026", "developer": "Eco-Yotta Inc.", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Eco-Yotta Inc. bought property at 357 County Road 9 in the Town of Oneonta in January 2025 and sought to rezone about 150 acres of farmland, previously used for farming and youth soccer, for a data center. The proposal prompted the town board to introduce a 12-month moratorium on data center construction in March 2026, set a public hearing for April 8, and adopt a one-year moratorium after residents turned out in support of it. A resident opposing the project gathered about 700 petition signatures.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 150, "note": "farmland requested for rezoning", "source": "s1", "quote": "150 acres of farmland requested for rezone" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "357 County Road 9, Town of Oneonta", "source": "s1", "quote": "357 County Road 9, Oneonta, New York" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Rezoning sought from farmland; town adopted a 12-month moratorium on data center construction", "source": "s1" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01", "event": "Eco-Yotta Inc. purchases the County Road 9 property", "source": "s1", "quote": "purchased property January 2025" }, { "date": "2026", "event": "Oneonta Town Board passes a one-year data center moratorium", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-02-13", "event": "The 153-acre County Highway 9 property is listed for sale at $1,050,000 by Keller Williams Upstate NY Properties, All Otsego reports", "source": "s5", "quote": "The 153-acre property at 357 County Highway 9, which includes two barns and a home, is listed for $1,050,000.00 by Keller Williams Upstate NY Properties." }, { "date": "2026-03-12", "event": "Oneonta Town Board introduces a 12-month moratorium on data center construction and schedules a public hearing", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-04-08", "event": "Public hearing on the moratorium; residents voice support for it", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-07-14", "event": "Gov. Kathy Hochul signs Executive Order No. 62, pausing state DEC permits for data centers of 50 MW or more", "source": "s3" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "No megawatt figure or building program has been published for the proposal (s1)", "The site is farmland also used for youth soccer, and the developer sought a rezoning (s1)", "A resident opposing the project gathered about 700 petition signatures (s1)", "Town Supervisor Will Rivera and Otsego County Legislator Eamon Hinchey were among officials involved in the moratorium debate (s1)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Oneonta Town Board introduces 12-month moratorium on AI data centers", "publisher": "WBNG", "url": "https://www.wbng.com/2026/03/12/oneonta-town-board-introduces-12-month-moratorium-ai-data-centers/", "date": "2026-03-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Proposed data centers dividing New Yorkers", "publisher": "Spectrum News / NY State of Politics", "url": "https://nystateofpolitics.com/state-of-politics/new-york/environment/2026/07/07/proposed-data-centers-divide-new-yorkers", "date": "2026-08-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Executive Order No. 62: Establishing a Temporary Moratorium on Data Centers in New York", "publisher": "Office of the Governor of New York", "url": "https://www.governor.ny.gov/executive-order/no-62-establishing-temporary-moratorium-data-centers-new-york-while-state-develops", "date": "2026-07-14", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Data center moratorium public hearing set in Oneonta town", "publisher": "All Otsego", "url": "https://www.allotsego.com/data-center-moratorium-public-hearing-set-in-oneonta-town/", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Eco-Yotta AI Property Listed for Sale", "publisher": "All Otsego", "url": "https://www.allotsego.com/eco-yotta-ai-property-listed-for-sale/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-02-15" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-24" }, { "slug": "aws-falls-township-bucks-county-pa", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/aws-falls-township-bucks-county-pa", "name": "Falls Township Innovation Campus", "aka": [ "Amazon Keystone Trade Center data center" ], "city": "Falls Township", "county": "Bucks County", "state": "PA", "lat": 40.1795, "lng": -74.8552, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Under construction; application for 280 gas-fired backup generator engines pending at DEP after August 2026 executive order removed data centers from fast-track permitting", "developer": "Amazon Web Services", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Amazon is building a data center campus on about 250 acres within the Keystone Trade Center in Falls Township. Amazon's plan calls for 10 data center buildings totaling 2 million square feet. It has approval for 72 diesel emergency engines and has applied for 280 natural gas-fired backup generator engines. Nearly 5,000 people have signed a petition calling for a moratorium on data centers in the township.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 250, "unit": "acres", "note": "approximately", "source": "s1", "quote": "approximately 250 acres within the Keystone Trade Center" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 2000000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s2", "quote": "Amazon plans 2 million square feet of data center space across 10 buildings for cloud computing and AI." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 10, "source": "s2", "quote": "Amazon plans 2 million square feet of data center space across 10 buildings for cloud computing and AI." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": "At least $20 billion, Amazon's statewide Pennsylvania commitment", "source": "s1", "quote": "at least $20 billion", "note": "from Amazon's page on its Pennsylvania campuses; the commitment also covers the Salem Township campus, not this campus alone" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Water-based cooling less than 2% of the year", "source": "s1", "quote": "only use water-based cooling for less than 2% of the year" }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "72 diesel-fired emergency engines approved; 280 natural gas-fired backup generator engines (4,287 hp each) applied for", "source": "s2", "quote": "Amazon has also applied to install 280 natural gas-fired 'critical backup generator engines' at 4,287 horsepower each." }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "Five air and water discharge permits approved, including 72 diesel-fired emergency engines; separate application for 280 gas-fired engines drew 1,236 comments to DEP", "source": "s2", "quote": "Amazon has been approved for five environmental air and water discharge permits. That includes approval last year for 72 diesel-fired emergency engines." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Falls Township approved the project in March 2025", "source": "s2", "quote": "The amendment would have no impact on Amazon’s data center, which the township approved in March 2025." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025", "event": "Construction starts (summer 2025, per Amazon)", "source": "s1", "quote": "Summer 2025: Construction Starts" }, { "date": "2025-03", "event": "Falls Township approves the project", "source": "s2", "quote": "The township approved in March 2025 before the public announcement with the governor" }, { "date": "2025-06-09", "event": "Amazon announces its intent to build a data center in Falls Township as part of a $20 billion Pennsylvania investment", "source": "s3", "quote": "Amazon on Monday announced its intent to construct a data center in Falls Township" }, { "date": "2026-08", "event": "Governor's executive order removes data centers, including Amazon's, from the state fast-track permitting program", "source": "s2", "quote": "The order removes all data center developments, including those by Amazon, from the fast-track permitting program." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Nearly 5,000 people have signed a petition calling for a data center moratorium in the township (s2)", "The Board of Supervisors declared part of the zoning ordinance used for data centers 'substantively invalid'; the rewrite will not affect the approved Amazon project (s2, s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Falls Township Innovation Campus - Amazon Innovation Campuses in Pennsylvania", "publisher": "Amazon", "url": "https://www.amazoninnovationinpa.com/falls-township-innovation-campus/", "date": "2026-09-08", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Could a Bucks County Amazon data center be affected by Gov. Shapiro's order?", "publisher": "The Philadelphia Inquirer", "url": "https://www.inquirer.com/news/pennsylvania/amazon-data-center-bucks-county-permit-20260820.html", "date": "2026-08-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Amazon to Open Data Center at NorthPoint Development in Falls", "publisher": "Falls Township", "url": "https://www.fallstwp.com/resources/news/article/?id=10070", "date": "2025-06-09", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Falls Township Rewrites Zoning Rules After Amazon Data Center Backlash", "publisher": "BucksCo.Today", "url": "https://bucksco.today/2026/08/falls-township-zoning-rewrite-amazon-data-center/", "date": "2026-08-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "With Data Center Being Built In Falls Twp., Governor Calls For Standards Amid Growth", "publisher": "LevittownNow.com", "url": "https://levittownnow.com/2026/02/04/with-data-center-being-built-in-falls-twp-governor-calls-for-standards-amid-growth/", "date": "2026-02-04", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "gateway-digital-campus-villa-ridge-mo", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/gateway-digital-campus-villa-ridge-mo", "name": "Gateway Digital Campus", "aka": [ "Diamond Farms", "Diamond Farms Data Center", "Diamond 66" ], "city": "Villa Ridge", "county": "Franklin County", "state": "MO", "lat": 38.484, "lng": -90.85, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Franklin County Commission voted on September 15, 2026 to approve rezoning of the roughly 613-acre Diamond Farms/Diamond 66 site from residential and other districts to industrial use (Commission Orders 2026-255 and 2026-256), matching the Planning and Zoning Commission's 8-1 recommendation for approval from April 2026. Further site-plan and permitting steps would still be needed before construction.", "developer": "Provident Data Centers", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Provident Data Centers is pursuing the Gateway Digital Campus, a data center project on roughly 613 acres at the interchange of Missouri Route 100 and Interstate 44 near Villa Ridge, on land held by the Eckelkamp family's Diamond Farms, LLC and Diamond 66, LLC, next to the Missouri Botanical Garden's Shaw Nature Reserve. Franklin County's Planning and Zoning Commission recommended approval of the rezoning in April 2026, and the full County Commission approved it on September 15, 2026, the same day it adopted new countywide data-center rules. The developer describes a 13-building campus that would bring several billion dollars of investment, more than 3,000 jobs at peak, and over $50 million a year in local tax revenue, though a construction timeline has not been confirmed.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 612.8, "note": "Combined size of the two parcels rezoned: 39.5 acres (Diamond 66, LLC) and 573.3 acres (Diamond Farms, LLC). The developer's own site separately describes the planned campus as roughly 650 acres.", "source": "s10", "quote": "Diamond Farms, LLC submitted an application requesting the rezoning from the W district to the A district of approximately 573.3 acres, located on the south side of I-44, between Highway 100, St. Mary's Road, and Robertsville Road in the Boles Township" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 13, "note": "Per the developer's project site; it says roughly half the site would remain undisturbed green space.", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 2000, "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 250, "note": "Core data-center positions; the developer separately claims 750 additional service-sector jobs and 2,000 construction jobs, for a stated total above 3,000. A March 2026 local news report cited a lower service-sector estimate of about 350 jobs.", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Closed-loop water system", "note": "Developer says the closed-loop design will use less water than roughly 100 households.", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Ameren Missouri grid; developer says it will fund 100% of infrastructure and transmission upgrades needed to serve the site", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Ameren Missouri", "source": "s1" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-01-17", "event": "Local reporting identifies the Eckelkamp family's Diamond Farms, LLC and Diamond 66, LLC as landowners in talks with a data center developer for roughly 613 acres adjoining Shaw Nature Reserve near Villa Ridge", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-01-20", "event": "Franklin County's Planning and Zoning Commission initially tables the rezoning request for six months before it is brought back sooner than that timeline", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-03-17", "event": "A roughly 11-hour Franklin County Planning and Zoning Commission hearing at Union High School draws over 1,000 attendees on both Franklin County data-center rezoning requests and proposed county data-center rules; the commission defers a decision", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-04-21", "event": "Franklin County's Planning and Zoning Commission votes 8-1 to recommend approval of the Diamond 66/Diamond Farms (Gateway Digital Campus) rezoning", "source": "s10", "quote": "the vote of the Planning and Zoning Commission resulting in a recommendation for approval of the request based upon a vote of eight in favor and one opposed" }, { "date": "2026-04-23", "event": "The Missouri Times reports on the Planning and Zoning Commission's recommendation, citing projections of more than 3,000 jobs and tens of millions of dollars a year in tax revenue", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-05-18", "event": "First Alert 4 reports on continued community feedback sessions covering both Franklin County data-center proposals", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-09-15", "event": "The Franklin County Commission votes to approve the Diamond 66 and Diamond Farms rezoning requests (Commission Orders 2026-255 and 2026-256), rezoning the site from its prior districts to industrial (A district) use, and separately adopts new countywide data-center regulations", "source": "s8", "quote": "IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED by the County Commission that the rezoning request filed by Diamond Farms, LLC be approved, resulting in the subject property being rezoned from the W district to the A district" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The new county data-center regulations adopted the same day measure the required 1,000-foot setback from occupied homes rather than from property lines, which some residents said weakens the buffer developers had promoted (s8).", "Shaw Nature Reserve, a 2,400-acre property run by the Missouri Botanical Garden that borders the site, and nearby residents have raised concerns about water use, noise, and habitat effects (s3, s9).", "Reported figures for the project's promised service-sector jobs have varied between the developer's own claim of 750 and an earlier local news estimate of about 350 (s1, s5).", "Residents said the rezoning process moved quickly and with limited advance notice, including reversal of an earlier six-month tabling of the request (s6).", "Latitude/longitude given here are an estimate from a third-party facility-tracking site (Compute Atlas, s11) rather than an official survey or parcel record; treat the site coordinates as approximate." ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Gateway Digital Campus", "publisher": "Gateway Digital Campus (Provident Data Centers)", "url": "https://www.gatewaydigitalcampus.com/", "date": null, "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Franklin County Planning and Zoning Approves Diamond Farms Data Center Project", "publisher": "The Missouri Times", "url": "https://themissouritimes.com/franklin-county-planning-and-zoning-approves-diamond-farms-data-center-project/", "date": "2026-04-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Data center proposal next to Shaw Nature Reserve has Franklin County gearing up for a battle", "publisher": "St. Louis Magazine", "url": "https://www.stlmag.com/business/shaw-nature-reserve-data-center/", "date": "2026-01-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "County P&Z pushes data center decisions to April after nearly 11-hour meeting", "publisher": "Columbia Missourian / Missourian.com", "url": "https://www.missourian.com/news/county-p-z-pushes-data-center-decisions-to-april-after-nearly-11-hour-meeting/article_dae655df-5b19-48b7-bc7e-baec45174651.html", "date": "2026-03-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Developer: Franklin County data center would provide $50M in yearly taxes", "publisher": "Missourian.com", "url": "https://www.missourian.com/local_news/developer-franklin-county-data-center-would-provide-50m-in-yearly-taxes/article_44c4d65d-aad7-4553-afc1-0bbbce784534.html", "date": "2026-03-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Franklin County data center projects return to planning commission Tuesday with frustration about process", "publisher": "First Alert 4 (KMOV)", "url": "https://www.firstalert4.com/2026/03/14/franklin-county-data-center-projects-return-planning-commission-tuesday-with-frustration-about-process/", "date": "2026-03-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Franklin County community members offer more feedback on proposed data center projects", "publisher": "First Alert 4 (KMOV)", "url": "https://www.firstalert4.com/2026/05/18/franklin-county-community-members-offer-more-feedback-proposed-data-center-projects/", "date": "2026-05-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Data centers approved by Franklin County Commissioners in Tuesday vote", "publisher": "First Alert 4 (KMOV)", "url": "https://www.firstalert4.com/2026/09/15/data-centers-approved-by-franklin-county-commissioners-tuesday-vote/", "date": "2026-09-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Franklin County commissioners on the precipice of data center decisions", "publisher": "First Alert 4 (KMOV)", "url": "https://www.firstalert4.com/2026/09/15/franklin-county-commissioners-precipice-data-center-decisions/", "date": "2026-09-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "County Commission Agenda and Commission Orders 2026-255 / 2026-256, September 15, 2026", "publisher": "Franklin County, Missouri (franklinmo.gov)", "url": "https://www.franklinmo.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Agenda/_09152026-122", "date": "2026-09-15", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "Diamond Farms (Gateway Digital Campus) facility record", "publisher": "Compute Atlas", "url": "https://www.compute-atlas.com/facilities/diamond-farms-gateway-digital-villa-ridge-mo", "date": "2026-08-24", "type": "other" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-27" }, { "slug": "google-chesterfield-county-va", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/google-chesterfield-county-va", "name": "Google Chesterfield County data center campuses", "aka": [ "Project Peanut", "Project Loch", "Project Skye", "Peanut LLC" ], "city": null, "county": "Chesterfield County", "state": "VA", "lat": 37.3771, "lng": -77.5047, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Bermuda Hundred Road campus (Peanut LLC) under construction with three buildings; Upper Magnolia Green and Watkins Centre sites zoning-approved", "developer": "Google", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Google has three approved data center sites in Chesterfield County: a 300-plus-acre campus on Bermuda Hundred Road near Meadowville Technology Park, 880 acres at Upper Magnolia Green and 350 acres within Watkins Centre South. The Bermuda Hundred Road campus was announced in August 2025 as part of Google's plan to invest $9 billion in Virginia through 2026 and is under construction with three buildings, and the county has capped water use there at 6 million gallons per day. Residents have called for more transparency about the projects, which were unveiled before Google's involvement was made public.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": "$9 billion statewide Virginia investment through 2026", "note": "includes Loudoun and Prince William expansions; not Chesterfield alone", "source": "s2", "quote": "Google plans to invest an additional $9 billion in Virginia through the end of 2026" }, { "field": "acres", "value": "300-plus", "note": "Bermuda Hundred Road campus", "source": "s1", "quote": "300-plus-acre Bermuda Hundred site" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 880, "note": "Upper Magnolia Green site", "source": "s1", "quote": "Google purchased two other sites in Chesterfield earlier this year: an 880-acre property at Upper Magnolia Green and a 350-acre section of Watkins Centre South" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 350, "note": "Watkins Centre South site", "source": "s1", "quote": "Google purchased two other sites in Chesterfield earlier this year: an 880-acre property at Upper Magnolia Green and a 350-acre section of Watkins Centre South" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1500, "note": "cumulative across Project Peanut, Project Loch and Project Skye", "source": "s3", "quote": "a cumulative 1,500 acres are slated for development" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 3, "note": "Peanut LLC, 2100 Bermuda Hundred Road, under construction", "source": "s4", "quote": "Under construction; three buildings" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 6000000, "note": "maximum allowed at the Bermuda Hundred Road site", "source": "s4", "quote": "a maximum of 6 million gallons per day at that site" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 1755000, "note": "maximum allowable at Upper Magnolia Green", "source": "s4", "quote": "At Upper Magnolia Green, the maximum allowable use is 1.755 million gallons of water per day." }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 850000, "note": "maximum at Watkins Centre", "source": "s4", "quote": "At Watkins Centre, it's 850,000 gallons." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "County water; Google studying treated wastewater reuse from Proctors Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant", "source": "s4", "quote": "Google has started an engineering study to evaluate taking treated wastewater from the county's Proctors Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant and treating it further to establish a new reuse water utility in Chesterfield." }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Agreement to purchase 200 MW from Commonwealth Fusion Systems' planned Chesterfield fusion plant", "source": "s4", "quote": "That includes an agreement with Commonwealth Fusion Systems to purchase 200 megawatts of power from the first-of-its-kind commercial fusion energy plant the Massachusetts-based company is planning to build in Chesterfield." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Eligible for Virginia data center sales and use tax exemptions", "source": "s2", "quote": "Google is eligible for data center sales and use tax exemptions on qualifying computer equipment and enabling software." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Zoning changes for two of the projects approved by county supervisors on May 28, 2025", "source": "s3", "quote": "Zoning changes for two of the projects were approved in public hearings by county supervisors on May 28, 2025." }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "Virginia Water Protection permit application for Project Skye on hold as of July 28, 2026", "source": "s3", "quote": "is on hold as of July 28, 2026" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Construction typically 18 to 24 months", "source": "s1", "quote": "Construction is expected to begin by the end of this year and typically takes 18 to 24 months to complete" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "County lowered its data center (personal property) tax rate from $1.80 to 24 cents per $100 in 2019", "source": "s5", "quote": "Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors decided to lower the data center tax rate from $1.80 to 24 cents per 100." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-05-28", "event": "Chesterfield supervisors approve zoning changes for two of the projects", "source": "s3", "quote": "Zoning changes for two of the projects were approved in public hearings by county supervisors on May 28, 2025." }, { "date": "2025-08-27", "event": "Google announces Chesterfield data center as part of $9 billion Virginia investment", "source": "s2", "quote": "Google plans to invest an additional $9 billion in Virginia through the end of 2026" }, { "date": "2026-07-28", "event": "Project Skye's Virginia Water Protection permit application is on hold", "source": "s3", "quote": "is on hold as of July 28, 2026" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents called for more transparency, citing a 2018 non-disclosure agreement between the county's Economic Development Authority and Alphabet (s3)", "Building Project Skye would remove roughly 1.54 linear miles of stream and 18 acres of wetlands (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "In Google, Chesterfield landed the 'Rolls-Royce of data center operators'", "publisher": "Chesterfield County", "url": "https://www.chesterfield.gov/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=6383", "date": "2025-08-28", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Google announces Chesterfield data center as part of $9B investment", "publisher": "Virginia Business", "url": "https://virginiabusiness.com/google-announces-chesterfield-data-center-as-part-of-9b-investment/", "date": "2025-08-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Chesterfield residents call for more transparency on Google data centers", "publisher": "VPM News", "url": "https://www.vpm.org/news/2026-07-29/google-alphabet-loch-skye-peanut-cfield-nda-deq-permits-zoning", "date": "2026-07-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Data Centers", "publisher": "Chesterfield County", "url": "https://www.chesterfield.gov/datacenters", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "How did Chesterfield County land a $9B Google deal? The answer goes back 30 years.", "publisher": "WTVR CBS 6", "url": "https://www.wtvr.com/news/local-news/chesterfield-county/data-center-timeline-aug-31-2026", "date": "2026-08-31", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "google-fort-wayne-in", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/google-fort-wayne-in", "name": "Google Fort Wayne data center", "aka": [ "Project Zodiac" ], "city": "Fort Wayne", "county": "Allen County", "state": "IN", "lat": 41.0793, "lng": -85.1394, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "operating", "statusNote": "Began operations in December 2025; a Google developer has filed to fill forested wetland for new buildings", "developer": "Google", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Google's $2 billion data center at 5801 Adams Center Road in Fort Wayne, first introduced as Project Zodiac, started operations in December 2025. Filings suggested a 12-building campus spanning more than 700 acres, developed in partnership with Indiana Michigan Power. In 2026 a Google developer applied to the Indiana Department of Environmental Management to fill forested wetland for three new buildings.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 2000000000, "source": "s1", "quote": "The developers of Google's $2 billion data center in Fort Wayne, Indiana, have revealed that the facility is now operational." }, { "field": "acres", "value": "more than 700", "unit": "acres", "note": "per local government filings", "source": "s1", "quote": "Filings with the local government suggested it could be a 12-building data center campus and span more than 700 acres of land." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 12, "note": "per local government filings", "source": "s1", "quote": "Filings with the local government suggested it could be a 12-building data center campus and span more than 700 acres of land." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": "up to 200", "source": "s1", "quote": "the facility is expected to employ up to 200 people" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Indiana Michigan Power (I&M)", "source": "s1", "quote": "developed in partnership with Indiana Michigan Power Company (I&M)" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "5801 Adams Center Road", "source": "s2", "quote": "The data center, which was first introduced as Project Zodiac in late 2023, started operations at 5801 Adams Center Road in December." }, { "field": "abatement_years", "value": 10, "note": "50% real property tax abatement per building", "source": "s2", "quote": "The agreement stipulated that the City was to give the company a 50% real property tax abatement for a term of 10 years for each building constructed on the development site." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Fort Wayne City Council approved a taxpayer agreement with Google on a 7-0 vote", "source": "s2", "quote": "City Council members voted 7-0 to approve a taxpayer agreement with Google, which had committed to a $845 million investment in the project, bringing at least 30 full-time jobs to the area." }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "Filing with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management to fill forested wetland", "source": "s3", "quote": "Rather than color within those lines, Google's Hatchworks would rather stick to its original design plans, explaining in its filing with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management that it's simply impossible to avoid shellacking the marshland." }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Grid (I&M) with a custom demand response program", "source": "s1", "quote": "Google agreed with I&M to implement a custom demand response program, in which Google will shift its usage from non-urgent tasks at times of peak demand." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-12", "event": "Allen County Commissioners vote 3-0 to approve annexation of 728 acres", "source": "s2", "quote": "Allen County Commissioners then voted 3-0 in December 2023 to approve the annexation of 728 acres of land." }, { "date": "2024-04", "event": "Plans for the data center, known as Project Zodiac, are revealed", "source": "s1", "quote": "Plans for the data center - previously known as Project Zodiac - were revealed in April 2024." }, { "date": "2025-12", "event": "Data center begins operations", "source": "s2", "quote": "The data center, which was first introduced as Project Zodiac in late 2023, started operations at 5801 Adams Center Road in December." }, { "date": "2026-02", "event": "Google launches an informational website about the data center", "source": "s2", "quote": "Representatives with Google have created an informational website about its $2 billion data center that is now operating in Fort Wayne." }, { "date": "2026-04", "event": "IDEM approves plans for more than 140 additional emergency diesel generators at the campus", "source": "s4", "quote": "In April, the department also approved plans to add more than 140 emergency diesel generators to the campus following public pushback." }, { "date": "2026-09", "event": "Google seeks a third air permit modification, for 228 more emergency diesel generators on top of 174 existing", "source": "s5", "quote": "The Google data center on Fort Wayne's southeast side needs 228 more emergency diesel generators, on top of its existing 174 generators." }, { "date": "2026-09-10", "event": "IDEM approves a permit to fill 2.13 acres of forested, isolated wetlands for three new buildings in the third expansion phase", "source": "s4", "quote": "The permit allows developers to fill 2.13 acres of forested, isolated wetlands to construct three new buildings as part of the data center’s third expansion phase." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about energy costs, air quality, noise and impacts on local wetlands (s2)", "Google says it is funding a new water tower and will replenish 120% of the freshwater it consumes by 2030 (s2)", "A developer for Google applied to fill forested wetland to build three new buildings (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Google's $2bn data center now operational in Fort Wayne, Indiana", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/googles-2bn-data-center-now-operational-in-fort-wayne-indiana/", "date": "2025-12-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Google creates website to address questions, concerns about Fort Wayne data center", "publisher": "21Alive (WPTA)", "url": "https://www.21alivenews.com/2026/02/17/google-creates-website-address-questions-concerns-about-fort-wayne-data-center/", "date": "2026-02-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Google Data Center Announces Plans to Pave Over Protected Wetlands", "publisher": "Futurism", "url": "https://futurism.com/artificial-intelligence/google-data-center-fort-wayne-indiana-wetlands", "date": "2026-08-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "IDEM approves Google’s latest request to fill wetlands for Fort Wayne data center expansion", "publisher": "21Alive (WPTA)", "url": "https://www.21alivenews.com/2026/09/11/idem-approves-googles-latest-request-fill-wetlands-fort-wayne-data-center-expansion/", "date": "2026-09-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Google says it needs more emergency generators at its Fort Wayne data center", "publisher": "WBOI", "url": "https://www.wboi.org/business/2026-09-21/google-says-it-needs-more-emergency-generators-at-its-fort-wayne-data-center", "date": "2026-09-21", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "google-franklin-township-indianapolis-in", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/google-franklin-township-indianapolis-in", "name": "Google Franklin Township data center", "aka": [ "Project Flo" ], "city": "Indianapolis", "county": "Marion County", "state": "IN", "lat": 39.6939, "lng": -86.0472, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "cancelled", "statusNote": "Google withdrew rezoning petition at City-County Council meeting on 2025-09-22", "developer": "Google (Deep Meadow Ventures)", "endUsers": [ "Google" ], "summary": "Google, through Deep Meadow Ventures, sought to rezone 468 acres of farmland in Franklin Township on the southeast side of Indianapolis, near I-74 and Post Road, for a four-building data center campus. The Metropolitan Development Commission approved the rezoning 8-1 in August 2025, but Google withdrew the petition at the City-County Council meeting on September 22, 2025, after sustained resident opposition.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 468, "unit": "acres", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 4, "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 50, "note": "approximately", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "10-year property tax cuts recommended by city staff", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Petition 2025-CZN-814 / 2025-CVR-814 to rezone 467.66 acres from D-A, C-4 and SU-43 (FF)(FW) to C-S (FF)(FW), with a variance for 75-foot building height", "source": "s6", "quote": "from the D-A (FF) (FW), C-4 (FF) (FW), and SU-43 (FF) (FW) districts to the C-S (FF) (FW) district" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Multiple parcels on South Post Road, East Troy Avenue, Davis Road and Vandergriff Road, Franklin Township (Council District #20)", "note": "petition 2025-CZN-814 / 2025-CVR-814 by Deep Meadow Ventures, LLC", "source": "s6", "quote": "2025-CZN-814 / 2025-CVR-814" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "'at least $1 billion'", "source": "s7", "quote": "The withdrawal is a massive blow to the Silicon Valley tech company that was prepared to spend at least $1 billion in Marion County" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-03", "event": "Rezoning proposal submitted", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-07", "event": "Google confirmed as project backer", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-08-20", "event": "Metropolitan Development Commission approves rezoning 8-1", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-09-22", "event": "Google announces withdrawal of rezoning petition before expected City-County Council vote", "source": "s1" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents cited water and power use, flooding, noise, electric bills, and tax exemptions (s2, s5)", "Opponents objected to developers' use of nondisclosure agreements (s5)", "A councilor contrasted the roughly 50 jobs with local manufacturers that created more jobs with shorter abatements (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Google backs down from proposed data center after months of community pushback", "publisher": "WFYI", "url": "https://www.wfyi.org/wfyi-news/2025-09-22/indianapolis-council-google-data-center-vote-withdrawl", "date": "2025-09-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Google withdraws data center proposal in southside Indianapolis", "publisher": "Mirror Indy", "url": "https://mirrorindy.org/google-withdraws-southside-data-center-proposal-franklin-township/", "date": "2025-09-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Google withdraws rezoning proposal for 468-acre data center project in Franklin Township, Indiana", "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-withdraws-rezoning-proposal-for-468-acre-data-center-project-in-franklin-township-indianapolis/", "date": "2025-09-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Google data center gets another approval over objection of southsiders", "publisher": "Mirror Indy", "url": "https://mirrorindy.org/southside-data-center-google-commitments-franklin-township-deep-meadow-ventures-august-2025/", "date": "2025-08-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Google withdraws rezoning petition for proposed data center in Franklin Township", "publisher": "WRTV", "url": "https://www.wrtv.com/news/local-news/google-withdraws-rezoning-petition-for-proposed-data-center-in-franklin-township", "date": "2025-09-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Case summary 2025-CZN-814 / 2025-CVR-814, Metropolitan Development Commission Hearing Examiner, April 10, 2025", "publisher": "Indianapolis Department of Metropolitan Development, Division of Planning", "url": "https://mccmeetingspublic.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/indymarion-meet-c53e8dc9cba74c6ba443b0409ef1e5aa/ITEM-Attachment-001-85fba3664a5b4c92ba757fb1039d73fd.pdf", "type": "government", "date": "2025-04-10" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Is Franklin Township data center dead? Google withdraws petition just before Council hearing", "publisher": "Indianapolis Star (via Yahoo News)", "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/google-withdraws-data-center-zoning-003002417.html", "type": "news", "date": "2025-09" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "google-hermantown-mn", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/google-hermantown-mn", "name": "Google Hermantown Data Center", "aka": [ "Project Loon" ], "city": "Hermantown", "county": "St. Louis County", "state": "MN", "lat": 46.8069, "lng": -92.2383, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "City Council tabled the development and tax abatement agreements in May 2026; updated AUAR submitted to the EQB August 4, 2026", "developer": "Google", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Google has proposed a data center campus in the southwest corner of Hermantown, Minnesota, near Duluth, with an AUAR study area of 278 acres; in August 2026 the plan was scaled back from four data center buildings to three and from 1.8 million to 1.66 million square feet. The City Council tabled a vote on tax abatement and development agreements in May 2026, and the city submitted an updated AUAR to the Environmental Quality Board on August 4, 2026. Two lawsuits have been filed against the city over the project, including an environmental review challenge by MCEA and Stop the Hermantown Data Center that was put on hold while the AUAR was updated.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 278, "unit": "acres", "note": "AUAR study area, 26 parcels", "source": "s1", "quote": "The AUAR study area includes 26 parcels totaling 278 acres in Hermantown's southwest corner." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 1660000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "scaled back from an initial 1.8 million square feet", "source": "s9", "quote": "The initial 1.8 million square-foot campus planned for Hermantown is now expected to be 1.66 million square feet, shrinking from four data center buildings to three, reducing the amount of disturbed wetlands and land." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 3, "note": "reduced from four data center buildings in August 2026", "source": "s8", "quote": "The company has scaled down the size of its proposal slightly, and is now planning three giant buildings to hold all the computing equipment rather than four." }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": "300-600", "unit": "MW", "note": "expected range of power capacity", "source": "s9", "quote": "The power capacity of the Hermantown data center is expected to range between 300 and 600 megawatts." }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Minnesota Power to build 700 MW of new clean energy sources, including 300 MW of wind and 400 MW of battery storage", "source": "s7", "quote": "For the Hermantown facility, Google has reached an agreement with Duluth-based utility Minnesota Power to build 700 megawatts of new clean energy sources to provide electricity for the massive development, including 300 megawatts of wind energy and 400 megawatts of battery storage capability." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Minnesota Power", "note": "site is adjacent to the Arrowhead Substation, built by Minnesota Power in the 1970s", "source": "s1", "quote": "This location is directly adjacent to the Arrowhead Substation that was constructed by Minnesota Power in the 1970s." }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 50000, "unit": "gallons per day", "note": "or less once fully built out", "source": "s1", "quote": "the campus will use 50,000 gallons of water per day or less once it is fully built out." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "no water used for cooling", "note": "per City of Hermantown", "source": "s1", "quote": "This project will not use water for cooling purposes." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "air cooling or closed-loop design under consideration", "note": "options Google was considering as of June 2026", "source": "s7", "quote": "The company is looking at two options to cool the Hermantown facility– air cooling and a closed-loop design that recirculates water– both of which require minimal amounts of water." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 650000000, "note": "first phase, under the proposed agreements", "source": "s5", "quote": "Under the terms of the proposed agreements, Google is expected to spend $650 million on the project's first phase." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 2000000000, "note": "total investment 'in the ballpark of $2 billion' over three phases and eight to 10 years, per the city", "source": "s5", "quote": "The city expects three total phases would be built out over a period of eight to 10 years, with a total investment in the ballpark of $2 billion." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Property tax abatement estimated at about $70 million, possibly as high as $80 million", "source": "s5", "quote": "In return for the property tax relief — estimated at about $70 million, but which could be as high as $80 million — Google is offering to pay about $130 million to extend utilities and infrastructure to the project site." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Proposal includes $40 million over 28 years for Hermantown's school district and $130 million in public infrastructure", "source": "s6", "quote": "Google's proposal includes $40 million contributed to Hermantown's school district over 28 years, and $130 million invested into the public infrastructure needed for the campus build-out, which is expected to be done in four phases." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "About $70 million over 28 years would go to Hermantown schools", "note": "as reported in August 2026", "source": "s8", "quote": "Hermantown schools would receive around $70 million over 28 years." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 40, "note": "at least 40 full-time jobs tied to the first building", "source": "s1", "quote": "There will be at least 40 full-time positions associated with the initial building, all paying wages higher than the current county average." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Hermantown City Council voted unanimously to table the vote after about three hours of public comment (May 2026)", "source": "s5", "quote": "After about three hours of public comment, councilors voted unanimously to table the vote until a later date." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-10-17", "event": "Environmental Quality Board receives a petition requesting an Environmental Assessment Worksheet for the project", "source": "s1", "quote": "The Environmental Quality Board (EQB) received a petition on October 17, 2025, requesting that an Environmental Assessment Worksheet (EAW) be prepared for the data center project proposed in Hermantown." }, { "date": "2025-11-05", "event": "MCEA and Stop the Hermantown Data Center appeal the City of Hermantown's environmental study", "source": "s3", "quote": "Today, the Minnesota Center for Environmental Advocacy (MCEA) and Stop the Hermantown Data Center (SHDC) appealed the City of Hermantown's environmental study" }, { "date": "2026-03-03", "event": "Google announces plans for the Hermantown data center", "source": "s1", "quote": "On March 3, 2026, Google announced plans for a data center project in Hermantown." }, { "date": "2026-04-29", "event": "Stop the Hermantown Data Center files a lawsuit in St. Louis County District Court", "source": "s10", "quote": "The lawsuit was filed Wednesday in St. Louis County District Court by Stop the Hermantown Data Center." }, { "date": "2026-05-04", "event": "City Council tables the resolution on the tax abatement and development agreements after a public hearing", "source": "s1", "quote": "The City Council chose to table the resolution regarding the agreements after the conclusion of the May 4, 2026, public hearing." }, { "date": "2026-08", "event": "Google scales back the proposal from four data center buildings to three", "source": "s9", "quote": "The initial 1.8 million square-foot campus planned for Hermantown is now expected to be 1.66 million square feet, shrinking from four data center buildings to three, reducing the amount of disturbed wetlands and land." }, { "date": "2026-08-04", "event": "City of Hermantown submits the updated AUAR to the Environmental Quality Board", "source": "s1", "quote": "On August 4, the City of Hermantown submitted the updated AUAR to the Environmental Quality Board (EQB)." }, { "date": "2026-09-08", "event": "City Council unanimously approves up to $20,000 for a consultant to guide discussions with tribal governments on the proposal", "source": "s11", "quote": "The Hermantown City Council on Tuesday unanimously approved funding of no more than $20,000 for a consulting service to help guide discussions with tribal governments as part of the Google data center proposal." }, { "date": "2026-09-21", "event": "At a Hermantown City Council meeting, Google says its changes include monitoring wells and a 37 percent reduction in wetland impacts, and that it is creating a decommissioning agreement in case the site becomes obsolete", "source": "s12", "quote": "monitoring wells and reducing the impacts to wetlands by 37 percent" }, { "date": "2026-09-21", "event": "Google tells the City Council that a labor memorandum of understanding for the project has been reached between Mortenson, its developer, and the Duluth Building Trades", "source": "s14", "quote": "Google announced that its developer, Mortenson, and the Duluth Building Trades have reached a Labor Memorandum of Understanding." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "MCEA and Stop the Hermantown Data Center challenge to the city's environmental study", "status": "pending", "summary": "The plaintiffs agreed to pause the lawsuit while the city finished work on an updated AUAR.", "source": "s4", "quote": "MCEA and Stop the Hermantown Data Center agreed to put the lawsuit on hold while the City completed the updated AUAR." }, { "name": "Stop the Hermantown Data Center lawsuit over comprehensive plan and rezoning", "court": "St. Louis County District Court", "filed": "2026-04-29", "status": "pending", "summary": "The group claims the city improperly rezoned the neighborhood slated for the data center and amended its 2045 comprehensive plan so the project could proceed.", "source": "s10", "quote": "The group claims the city of Hermantown improperly changed its 2045 comprehensive plan and rezoned the neighborhood where the data center is proposed to be built to allow the controversial project to move forward." } ], "issues": [ "Stop the Hermantown Data Center says the site includes trout streams, wetland, watershed and floodplains (s2)", "MCEA says the city knew for over a year that the project was a data center but kept it secret until September 2025; officials were scrutinized for signing nondisclosure agreements (s2)", "Officials say the 50,000 gallons a day in the proposed development agreement is a maximum intended for worker sanitation and emergency fire suppression (s6)", "Google says it will add monitoring wells, reduce wetland impacts by 37 percent, create a decommissioning agreement and donate $2.5 million to local grants and nonprofits (s12)", "The city opened an internal investigation in August 2026 after disparaging remarks about data center opponents were leaked (s12)", "The city says Google chose Hermantown because of the region's climate, work force and Minnesota Power's grid (s13)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Project - City of Hermantown", "publisher": "City of Hermantown", "url": "https://hermantownmn.com/project/", "date": "", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Environmental groups sue Hermantown over data center review process", "publisher": "KAXE", "url": "https://www.kaxe.org/local-news/2025-11-05/environmental-groups-sue-hermantown-data-center-review", "date": "2025-11-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "RELEASE: Hermantown Data Center Environmental Study Appealed", "publisher": "Minnesota Center for Environmental Advocacy", "url": "https://www.mncenter.org/release-hermantown-data-center-environmental-study-appealed", "date": "2025-11-05", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Legal updates on MCEA's data center cases", "publisher": "Minnesota Center for Environmental Advocacy", "url": "https://www.mncenter.org/legal-updates-mceas-data-center-cases", "date": "2026-05-15", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Hermantown tables vote on key agreements for contentious Google data center", "publisher": "MPR News", "url": "https://www.mprnews.org/story/2026/05/05/hermantown-google-data-center-vote-tabled", "date": "2026-05-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "More details emerge as Google, Hermantown work out data center agreements", "publisher": "KAXE", "url": "https://www.kaxe.org/local-news/2026-05-20/more-details-emerge-as-google-hermantown-work-out-data-center-agreements", "date": "2026-05-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "At packed Hermantown open house, Google tries to ease data center concerns", "publisher": "MPR News", "url": "https://www.mprnews.org/story/2026/06/25/at-packed-hermantown-open-house-google-tries-to-ease-data-center-concerns", "date": "2026-06-25", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Google launches a charm offensive in 2 Minnesota towns as data center opposition grows", "publisher": "MPR News", "url": "https://www.mprnews.org/story/2026/08/20/google-launches-a-charm-offensive-in-2-minnesota-towns-as-data-center-opposition-grows", "date": "2026-08-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Google scales back proposed data center in northeast Minnesota", "publisher": "Red Lake Nation News (republished from the Minnesota Star Tribune)", "url": "https://www.redlakenationnews.com/story/2026/08/21/business/google-scales-back-proposed-data-center-in-northeast-minnesota/142319.html", "date": "2026-08-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Citizens' group files lawsuit to block Google's proposed Hermantown data center", "publisher": "MPR News", "url": "https://www.mprnews.org/story/2026/04/29/hermantown-residents-sue-to-block-proposed-google-data-center", "date": "2026-04-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "Heated data center debate results in pause to Hermantown city council meeting", "publisher": "Northern News Now", "url": "https://www.northernnewsnow.com/2026/09/09/heated-data-center-debate-results-pause-hermantown-city-council-meeting/", "date": "2026-09-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s12", "title": "Hermantown enforces meeting decorum as Google addresses environmental concerns with proposed data center", "publisher": "Northern News Now", "url": "https://www.northernnewsnow.com/2026/09/22/hermantown-enforces-meeting-decorum-google-addresses-environmental-concerns-with-proposed-data-center/", "date": "2026-09-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s13", "title": "Google Announces Plans for Hermantown Data Center", "publisher": "City of Hermantown", "url": "https://hermantownmn.com/community/community-highlights/google-announces-plans-for-hermantown-data-center/", "date": "2026-03-03", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s14", "title": "Google shares labor agreement update on proposed Hermantown Data Center", "publisher": "FOX 21 (KQDS)", "url": "https://www.fox21online.com/news/local/google-shares-labor-agreement-update-on-proposed-hermantown-data-center/article_f07baa1a-2380-4035-a62c-af4ab5ba2b7c.html", "type": "news", "date": "2026-09-21" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-24" }, { "slug": "google-hunt-midwest-kansas-city-mo", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/google-hunt-midwest-kansas-city-mo", "name": "Google Kansas City Data Center (Hunt Midwest Business Center)", "aka": [ "Google Northland data center" ], "city": "Kansas City", "county": "Clay County", "state": "MO", "lat": 39.0997, "lng": -94.5786, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Construction continuing as of early 2026", "developer": "Google", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Google is building a $1 billion data center at Hunt Midwest Business Center, east of Interstate 435 near Worlds of Fun in Kansas City, Missouri's Northland, its first data center in Missouri. Evergy will power the site, and Google signed a power purchase agreement for 400 megawatts of carbon-free energy from the Beavertail Solar farm. The company broke ground in March 2024 and construction was continuing in early 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1000000000, "source": "s1", "quote": "Google will build a new $1 billion data center at Hunt Midwest Business Center as the technology company expands its presence across the Midwest." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Evergy", "source": "s3", "quote": "Google is also working with Evergy to power the site and Ranger Power and D. E. Shaw Renewable Investments (DESRI) to bring 400 megawatts of new carbon-free energy to the grid" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "PPA with Ranger Power and DESRI for 400 MW of carbon-free energy capacity, new to the grid, from the Beavertail Solar farm", "source": "s1", "quote": "Google is also announcing a power purchase agreement (PPA) with Ranger Power and DESRI to support 400 megawatts of new-to-the-grid carbon-free energy capacity from the Missouri-based Beavertail Solar farm." }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1000, "note": "upwards of 1,000 construction jobs, per officials", "source": "s4", "quote": "The site is expected to generate upwards of 1,000 construction jobs, officials said." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "No direct incentives from the state at the time of announcement, per the governor's spokesman", "source": "s4", "quote": "A spokesman for Missouri Gov. Mike Parson said Google is receiving no direct incentives from the state 'at this time.'" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "$100,000 to the North Kansas City School District toward a STEAM center, plus a free Skilled Trades and Readiness program", "source": "s2", "quote": "The deal includes bringing a free Skilled Trades and Readiness program to the Kansas City area and a $100,000 contribution to the North Kansas City School District for a STEAM center." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-03", "event": "Google breaks ground on the data center east of Interstate 435 near Worlds of Fun", "source": "s5", "quote": "The company broke ground on a $1 billion data center in March 2024, east of Interstate 435 near Worlds of Fun." }, { "date": "2024-03-20", "event": "Google announces a $1 billion data center in Kansas City's Northland", "source": "s2", "quote": "Tech giant Google announced Wednesday it plans to build a $1 billion data center in Kansas City, Missouri's Northland." }, { "date": "2026-02-12", "event": "Google says it “will cover the full energy costs associated with powering both of the Google data center campuses”", "source": "s5", "quote": "Google 'will cover the full energy costs associated with powering both of the Google data center campuses.'" }, { "date": "2026-03-22", "event": "The campus is reported still under construction", "source": "s6", "quote": "Google's first KC-area campus, also a billion-dollar project, is still under construction near Worlds of Fun and reportedly draws 1,000 construction workers." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Google qualifies for Evergy's Large Load Power Tariff, approved by the Missouri Public Service Commission in November 2025 for customers with 75 megawatts or more of monthly peak demand (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Google announces $1 billion data center at Hunt Midwest Business Center", "publisher": "Hunt Midwest", "url": "https://huntmidwest.com/hunt-midwest-newsroom/google-announces-1-billion-data-center-at-hunt-midwest-business-center/", "date": "2024-03-20", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Google announces $1B data center in Kansas City's Northland", "publisher": "KSHB 41", "url": "https://www.kshb.com/news/local-news/google-announces-1b-data-center-in-kansas-citys-northland", "date": "2024-03-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Google Announces $1 Billion Data Center In Kansas City, Missouri", "publisher": "Missouri Partnership", "url": "https://missouripartnership.com/google-announces-1-billion-data-center-in-kansas-city-missouri/", "date": "2024-03-20", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Google is building $1B data center in KC area. Here's where, how many jobs it could bring", "publisher": "The Kansas City Star (via AOL)", "url": "https://www.aol.com/google-building-1b-data-center-171903324.html", "date": "2024-03-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Google announces construction underway for second data center campus in Kansas City", "publisher": "KSHB 41", "url": "https://www.kshb.com/news/local-news/missouri/kansas-city/google-announces-construction-underway-for-second-data-center-campus-in-kansas-city", "date": "2026-02-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Kansas City's AI data center building boom could hurt regional job market in the long term", "publisher": "KCUR", "url": "https://www.kcur.org/housing-development-section/2026-03-22/kansas-citys-ai-data-center-building-boom-could-hurt-regional-job-market-in-the-long-term", "date": "2026-03-22", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "google-monrovia-morgan-county-in", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/google-monrovia-morgan-county-in", "name": "Google Morgan County Data Center", "aka": [ "Project Louie" ], "city": "Monrovia", "county": "Morgan County", "state": "IN", "lat": 39.5789, "lng": -86.4822, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Earthmoving began early 2026; neighbors' lawsuit over the first rezoning ongoing", "developer": "Google (Woodland Caribou LLC)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Google is developing a data center campus along West State Road 42 on 550 acres near Monrovia in Morgan County, first advanced under the name Project Louie by Woodland Caribou LLC. Documents in neighbors' litigation describe a $1 billion investment, and the county granted 10-year tax breaks of up to 50%; Google says it will pay 100% of the cost of the electricity it uses, in partnership with AES Indiana. Earthmovers began shifting dirt around the end of February 2026, while a lawsuit over the first rezoning remains ongoing.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 550, "unit": "acres", "source": "s4", "quote": "The new data center, located on 550 acres along West State Road 42 near Monrovia, will support Google's digital services, including Google Cloud, Workspace, Search, and Maps" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 5, "note": "up to five buildings per application reported in October 2025, covering the initial 390-acre site", "source": "s1", "quote": "up to five buildings could be developed on the site" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1000000000, "note": "per documents submitted in litigation", "source": "s6", "quote": "Project Louie is a $1 billion investment, according to documents submitted during Terri Moore's litigation." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 100, "source": "s6", "quote": "The company's promised investments include 100 full-time jobs with wages of either $100,000 a year or 125% of Morgan County's average annual wage, whichever is greater." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "AES Indiana", "source": "s4", "quote": "Google says it will pay for 100% of the electricity its data center uses, partnering with AES Indiana to ensure affordable and reliable energy infrastructure." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Not onsite groundwater (company-stated)", "source": "s4", "quote": "Google confirmed it will not use onsite groundwater for the campus operations." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Tax breaks of up to 50% for 10 years granted to Woodland Caribou LLC in May 2025", "source": "s6", "quote": "In May 2025, the county granted Woodland Caribou LLC tax breaks of up to 50% for 10 years." }, { "field": "abatement_years", "value": 10, "source": "s6", "quote": "In May 2025, the county granted Woodland Caribou LLC tax breaks of up to 50% for 10 years." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Tax payments of at least $500,000 a year, with at least $300,000 per data center building", "source": "s6", "quote": "The tax payments should meet a minimum of $500,000 per year, with no less than $300,000 per data center building." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Morgan County Commissioners approved zoning for more than 500 acres on Oct. 6, 2025", "source": "s2", "quote": "Morgan County Commissioners approved zoning a total of more than 500 acres of agricultural land outside of Monrovia for Google's potential data center on Oct. 6" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-03", "event": "Terri Moore and another nearby property owner sue for review of the rezoning of the first 390.74 acres", "source": "s6", "quote": "In March 2025, Terri Moore and another property owner, both of whom own land near the data center, filed a lawsuit requesting review of the decision to approve the rezone for the first 390.74 acres of Project Louie." }, { "date": "2025-05", "event": "County grants Woodland Caribou LLC 10-year tax breaks of up to 50%", "source": "s6", "quote": "In May 2025, the county granted Woodland Caribou LLC tax breaks of up to 50% for 10 years." }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Google confirms it is exploring a development in Morgan County", "source": "s1", "quote": "exploring a potential development in Morgan County, Indiana" }, { "date": "2025-12", "event": "Google details plans for the 550-acre campus and says utilities and foundation work will begin in February", "source": "s4", "quote": "Utilities and foundation work for the site's first building will begin in February." }, { "date": "2026-02", "event": "Earthmovers begin shifting dirt on the site", "source": "s6", "quote": "around the end of February, earthmovers started shifting dirt in the fields by her house." }, { "date": "2026-03", "event": "Monrovia Town Council votes 3-2 to begin exploring annexation of land east of town including the site", "source": "s5", "quote": "The town council voted 3-2 last week to begin exploring incorporation of Morgan County land east of town." }, { "date": "2026-07-02", "event": "Google offers to pay for a $12 million expansion of Monrovia's wastewater plant if the town ends its annexation effort; the offer set a July 3 deadline", "source": "s7", "quote": "this proposal is contingent upon the town agreeing to end its current annexation process" }, { "date": "2026-07-15", "event": "Morgan County Redevelopment Commission votes unanimously for a tax increment financing district that includes the Project Louie site", "source": "s8", "quote": "The Morgan County Redevelopment Commission voted unanimously in favor of the TIF at a July 15 meeting." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Terri Moore et al. petition for review of Project Louie rezoning", "court": null, "filed": "2025-03", "status": "pending", "summary": "Nearby property owners sought review of the rezoning of the first 390.74 acres and allege construction will harm the enjoyment and value of their properties; the litigation is ongoing.", "source": "s6", "quote": "In January this year, that was consolidated with the lawsuit including Terri Moore. The litigation is ongoing." } ], "issues": [ "Residents have protested citing energy and water use, noise pollution and effects on property values (s5)", "At max capacity, each data center building could use roughly 4 million gallons of water a day (s6)", "Neighbors allege construction will harm the enjoyment and value of their properties (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Google behind 390-acre data center development in Morgan County, Indiana", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-behind-390-acre-data-center-development-in-morgan-county-indiana/", "date": "2025-10-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Google confirms it is behind data center plan in rural Morgan County", "publisher": "WRTV", "url": "https://www.wrtv.com/news/local-news/in-your-community/google-confirms-it-is-behind-data-center-plan-in-rural-morgan-county", "date": "2025-11-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Dellinger details new data center updates", "publisher": "Morgan County Correspondent", "url": "https://morgancountycorrespondent.com/2025/10/30/dellinger-details-new-data-center-updates/", "date": "2025-10-30", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Google details plans for Morgan County data center", "publisher": "WISH-TV", "url": "https://www.wishtv.com/news/google-data-center-morgan-county/", "date": "2025-12-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Monrovia explores annexing site of future Google data center", "publisher": "Indiana Public Media", "url": "https://www.ipm.org/news/2026-04-03/monrovia-explores-annexing-site-of-future-google-data-center", "date": "2026-04-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "The billion-dollar neighbor coming to Morgan County", "publisher": "Indiana Daily Student", "url": "https://specials.idsnews.com/data-center-morgan-county-indiana-billion-dollar/", "date": "2026-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Google pressures Monrovia to end annexation effort", "publisher": "Morgan County Correspondent", "url": "https://morgancountycorrespondent.com/2026/07/02/google-pressures-monrovia-to-end-annexation-effort/", "date": "2026-07-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "How NDAs are hiding data center details from the public", "publisher": "Indiana Public Media", "url": "https://www.ipm.org/news/2026-09-21/how-ndas-are-hiding-data-center-details-from-the-public", "date": "2026-09-21", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "google-palo-linn-county-ia", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/google-palo-linn-county-ia", "name": "Google Palo data center campus", "aka": [ "Google Duane Arnold data center" ], "city": "Palo", "county": "Linn County", "state": "IA", "lat": 42.0664, "lng": -91.7957, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Google shifted from unincorporated Linn County toward annexation into Palo; Linn County declined in August 2026 to allow data centers in its EU-2 nuclear zoning district", "developer": "Google", "endUsers": [], "summary": "In October 2025, Google told Linn County it planned a data center campus of six buildings on 545 unincorporated acres next to the Duane Arnold Energy Center near Palo. In March 2026 county officials announced Google would pursue annexation into Palo rather than follow the county's new data center ordinance. The county chair says a Google representative described water use of roughly 12 million gallons per day.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 545, "unit": "acres", "source": "s2", "quote": "In October, Google informed the Linn County Board of Supervisors of plans to construct a six-building data center campus on 545 acres of unincorporated land adjacent to the Duane Arnold Energy Center." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 6, "source": "s2", "quote": "In October, Google informed the Linn County Board of Supervisors of plans to construct a six-building data center campus on 545 acres of unincorporated land adjacent to the Duane Arnold Energy Center." }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 12000000, "note": "roughly, as described to the county chair by a Google representative", "source": "s1", "quote": "Running-Marquardt said when Google first approached the county about its plans for development in unincorporated Linn County, a representative told her that the data center buildings would use roughly 12 million gallons of water per day." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Cedar River", "source": "s3", "quote": "12 million gallons of water per day taken from the Cedar River" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Google informs the Linn County Board of Supervisors of plans for a six-building campus on 545 acres", "source": "s2", "quote": "In October, Google informed the Linn County Board of Supervisors of plans to construct a six-building data center campus on 545 acres of unincorporated land adjacent to the Duane Arnold Energy Center." }, { "date": "2026-03-04", "event": "Linn County announces Google will pursue development in Palo through annexation instead of under the county's data center ordinance", "source": "s1", "quote": "Linn County officials announced Google has decided to pursue data center development in the city of Palo through annexation, rather than abiding by the terms set out in the county's recently passed ordinance regulating large-scale data center development." }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "Palo passes a data center ordinance; Linn County, which recently began an 18-month data center moratorium, considers allowing data centers as accessories to nuclear plants", "source": "s4", "quote": "Palo passed a data center ordinance Monday night" }, { "date": "2026-08-10", "event": "Linn County drops proposal to allow large data centers co-located with nuclear plants in the EU-2 zoning district", "source": "s5", "quote": "It became clear that there is not broad public support at this time for allowing large data centers co-located with nuclear power plants as a permitted use within the EU-2 zoning district" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "County supervisors say Google is bypassing the county ordinance's water, noise and light protections (s1)", "The shift ended Google's $500,000 commitment to fund a regional water balance study (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Google eyes data center in Palo to bypass Linn County regulations", "publisher": "Iowa Public Radio", "url": "https://www.iowapublicradio.org/ipr-news/2026-03-04/google-data-center-palo-linn-county", "date": "2026-03-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Google's Response to an Iowa County's New Data Center Requirements? Annex the Land.", "publisher": "Inside Climate News", "url": "https://insideclimatenews.org/news/04032026/google-attempts-to-annex-iowa-county-land-for-data-center/", "date": "2026-03-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Google seeks land annexation for data center campus in Linn County, Iowa", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-seeks-land-annexation-for-data-center-campus-in-linn-county-iowa/", "date": "2026-03-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Linn County considers exception for Google as nearby Palo passes data center regulations", "publisher": "Iowa Public Radio", "url": "https://www.iowapublicradio.org/ipr-news/2026-07-21/palo-linn-county-google-data-center-duane-arnold-nuclear-plant", "date": "2026-07-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Linn County will not rezone district near nuclear plant for data centers", "publisher": "KCRG", "url": "https://www.kcrg.com/2026/08/10/linn-county-will-not-rezone-district-near-nuclear-plant-data-centers/", "date": "2026-08-10", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "google-west-memphis-ar", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/google-west-memphis-ar", "name": "Google West Memphis Data Center", "aka": [ "Project Pyramid", "Groot LLC" ], "city": "West Memphis", "county": "Crittenden County", "state": "AR", "lat": 35.1465, "lng": -90.1845, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Construction began October 2025; expected to take 18 to 24 months", "developer": "Google (Groot LLC)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Google is building its first Arkansas data center in West Memphis as part of a $4 billion investment in the state through 2027. The campus is expected to have five buildings on a 1,178-acre property. Entergy Arkansas will power it, and Google will pay rates to support a new 600MW solar project with 350MW of battery storage in Jefferson County. Construction began in October 2025.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 4000000000, "note": "investment in Arkansas through 2027", "source": "s1", "quote": "a new $4 billion investment in Arkansas through 2027" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1178, "unit": "acres", "note": "property size; other outlets report 1,000 and 1,100 acres", "source": "s2", "quote": "The campus is expected to span five buildings across a 1,178-acre property on the south side of Bollinger Road in West Memphis, Crittenden County." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 5, "source": "s2", "quote": "The campus is expected to span five buildings across a 1,178-acre property on the south side of Bollinger Road in West Memphis, Crittenden County." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 300, "source": "s3", "quote": "Expected to bring 300 jobs to the area." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Entergy Arkansas", "source": "s2", "quote": "US utility Entergy Arkansas has announced that it will power Google's planned data center in West Memphis, Arkansas." }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Entergy Arkansas grid; Google to support a new 600MW solar project with a 350MW battery system in Jefferson County", "source": "s2", "quote": "pay rates to support the construction of a new 600MW solar project, tied to a 350MW Battery Energy Storage System, located in Jefferson County, Arkansas" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "30-year payment in lieu of taxes (PILOT) arrangement with 65 percent real and personal property tax abatement", "source": "s5", "quote": "30-year Payment in Lieu of Taxes" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "65 percent real and personal property tax abatement", "source": "s5", "quote": "65 percent real and personal property tax abatement" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "18 to 24 months from October 2025 construction start", "source": "s3", "quote": "The project is expected to take 18 to 24 months to complete." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09-09", "event": "Google confirmed as the company behind the West Memphis project", "source": "s5", "quote": "Google confirmed to be behind West Memphis data center project in Arkansas" }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Construction begins", "source": "s3", "quote": "Google began construction in October 2025." }, { "date": "2025-10-02", "event": "Google announces its $4 billion Arkansas investment and first data center in the state", "source": "s1", "quote": "Google's first data center in the state — located in West Memphis" }, { "date": "2026-09", "event": "Released documents show Entergy Arkansas and Google plan to cover two-thirds of the project's cost through a monthly ratepayer increase of nearly $6 over 20 years", "source": "s7", "quote": "Earlier this month, documents were released detailing that Entergy and Google plan to fund two-thirds of the project with a nearly $6 monthly increase for ratepayers over a 20-year period." }, { "date": "2026-09", "event": "A federal judge denies Entergy Arkansas a temporary restraining order that would have barred the Arkansas Times and the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette from revealing details of its agreements with Altitude Capital LLC, the Google subsidiary setting up the data center", "source": "s8", "quote": "A federal judge earlier this month denied Entergy's request for a temporary restraining order that would have prohibited the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette and Arkansas Times from disclosing details about Entergy's agreements with Altitude Capital LLC" }, { "date": "2026-09-16", "event": "Entergy Arkansas files a notice of dismissal of its lawsuit against the two newspapers and a central Arkansas resident", "source": "s8", "quote": "The utility on Wednesday filed a notice of dismissal of its lawsuit against the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, the Arkansas Times and central Arkansas resident Jessica Kivell." }, { "date": "2026-09-17", "event": "Legislators on the joint energy committee question Entergy Arkansas about the data center's effect on ratepayers and table remaining questions to next month's meeting", "source": "s7", "quote": "But during a joint energy committee meeting Thursday, lawmakers pressed Entergy for answers on what that means for ratepayers." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Google is investing in Arkansas with a new data center, energy efficiency programs and more.", "publisher": "Google", "url": "https://blog.google/company-news/inside-google/company-announcements/google-american-innovation-arkansas/", "date": "2025-10-02", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Entergy Arkansas to power planned Google data center in West Memphis", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/entergy-arkansas-to-power-planned-google-data-center-in-west-memphis/", "date": "2025-10-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Google hiring for new West Memphis data center", "publisher": "Action News 5", "url": "https://www.actionnews5.com/2026/02/26/google-hiring-new-west-memphis-data-center/", "date": "2026-02-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Google announces plan to build $4 billion data center in West Memphis", "publisher": "Talk Business & Politics", "url": "https://talkbusiness.net/2025/10/google-announces-plan-to-build-4-billion-data-center-in-west-memphis/", "date": "2025-10-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Google confirmed to be behind West Memphis data center project in Arkansas", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-confirmed-to-be-behind-west-memphis-data-center-project-in-arkansas/", "date": "2025-09-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Reports: $10B Data Center Planned for West Memphis", "publisher": "Arkansas Money & Politics", "url": "https://armoneyandpolitics.com/10b-data-center-west-memphis/", "date": "2025-05-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Lawmakers question West Memphis data center project’s impact on Entergy ratepayers", "publisher": "Action News 5", "url": "https://www.actionnews5.com/2026/09/18/lawmakers-question-west-memphis-data-center-projects-impact-entergy-ratepayers/", "date": "2026-09-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Entergy Arkansas drops lawsuit over newspaper’s publication of data center agreement details", "publisher": "Arkansas Advocate", "url": "https://arkansasadvocate.com/2026/09/16/entergy-arkansas-drops-lawsuit-over-newspapers-publication-of-data-center-agreement-details/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-09-16" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-24" }, { "slug": "highlander-sm-one-san-marcos-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/highlander-sm-one-san-marcos-tx", "name": "Highlander SM One data center", "aka": [ "Mayberry data center" ], "city": "San Marcos", "county": "Hays County", "state": "TX", "lat": 29.8833, "lng": -97.9414, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "denied", "statusNote": "Council denied land use change in Feb 2026; city prohibited data centers in all zoning districts on 2026-06-16", "developer": "Highlander SM One LLC", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Fort Worth-based Highlander SM One LLC proposed a $1.5 billion data center on about 200 acres west of Francis Harris Lane in San Marcos, next to the Hays Energy power plant. After an earlier request failed in August 2025, the City Council denied a second land use amendment 5-2 in February 2026. In June 2026 the council voted 4-3 to prohibit data centers in all zoning districts.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 200, "unit": "acres", "note": "about 60 acres in the extraterritorial jurisdiction", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1500000000, "source": "s3" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 70000, "note": "up to; over 25 million gallons annually", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Land use amendment requested from Conservation/Cluster to Commercial/Employment Low", "source": "s2", "quote": "from 'Conservation/Cluster' to 'Commercial/Employment Low.'" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Local aquifers", "source": "s1", "quote": "a proposed 200-acre development by Highlander SM One LLC, a Fort Worth-based developer, could consume more than 25 million gallons of water annually from local aquifers" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-03", "event": "Planning & Zoning Commission recommends denial of first land use amendment", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-08", "event": "City Council votes 5-2 in favor but short of required supermajority; request denied", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Second land use amendment application submitted", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-02-18", "event": "City Council denies land use change 5-2 in early-morning vote after a motion to postpone fails", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-04-21", "event": "Motion to prohibit data centers citywide fails 3-4; data centers restricted to high industrial zones", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-06-16", "event": "City Council votes 4-3 to prohibit data centers in all zoning districts", "source": "s5" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Water use during drought was the main reason cited for denial (s4, s6)", "Residents raised concerns about grid strain, livestock, and environmental impacts; 182 people registered to speak at the February hearing (s3, s5)", "A state senator said he would challenge the citywide ban under state preemption law (s1)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "San Marcos becomes the first Texas city to ban data centers, testing its local control", "publisher": "Texas Tribune", "url": "https://www.texastribune.org/2026/06/30/texas-san-marcos-data-center-ban-zoning-laws/", "date": "2026-06-30", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "San Marcos council to once again consider data center", "publisher": "Community Impact", "url": "https://communityimpact.com/austin/san-marcos-buda-kyle/government/2026/01/15/san-marcos-council-to-once-again-consider-data-center/", "date": "2026-01-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "San Marcos City Council blocks proposed data center", "publisher": "KUT", "url": "https://www.kut.org/energy-environment/2026-02-18/san-marcos-city-council-blocks-proposed-data-center", "date": "2026-02-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "San Marcos City Council votes 5-2 to deny AI data center proposal", "publisher": "CBS Austin", "url": "https://cbsaustin.com/news/local/san-marcos-city-council-votes-5-2-to-deny-ai-data-center-proposal", "date": "2026-02-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "San Marcos council votes to prohibit data centers in all zoning districts", "publisher": "Community Impact", "url": "https://communityimpact.com/austin/san-marcos-buda-kyle/government/2026/06/17/san-marcos-council-votes-to-prohibit-data-centers-in-all-zoning-districts/", "date": "2026-06-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Hays County data center proposition receives community pushback", "publisher": "Spectrum News", "url": "https://spectrumlocalnews.com/tx/austin/news/2026/02/23/hays-county-data-centers", "date": "2026-02-23", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "holder-industrial-park-citrus-county-fl", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/holder-industrial-park-citrus-county-fl", "name": "Holder Industrial Park", "aka": [ "Citrus County data center" ], "city": "Holder", "county": "Citrus County", "state": "FL", "lat": 28.97, "lng": -82.42, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "cancelled", "statusNote": "Deltona Corporation withdrew its comprehensive plan amendment and zoning applications in June 2026", "developer": "Deltona Corporation", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Summary: The Deltona Corporation sought a comprehensive plan amendment and zoning change for the Holder Industrial Park project, which included the possibility of a data center on a site of approximately 800 acres in Holder near U.S. 41 and North Lecanto Highway (another report describes a combined footprint of around 1,400 acres including the adjacent 557-acre Holder Industrial Park). On May 1, 2026, Citrus County enacted a moratorium on new data centers lasting one year, while discussions on the pre-moratorium proposal continued. Deltona withdrew its applications in June 2026, and hearings scheduled for July 14 were canceled.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 800, "unit": "acres", "note": "approximately", "source": "s2", "quote": "on an approximately 800-acre site in Holder near the intersection of U.S. 41 and North Lecanto Highway" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1400, "unit": "acres", "note": "around 1,400 acres including an adjacent site, per another report", "source": "s4", "quote": "giving the project a footprint of around 1,400 acres" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-05-01", "event": "Citrus County enacts a one-year moratorium on new data centers; the pre-moratorium proposal remains under discussion", "source": "s1", "quote": "Despite the county enacting a one-year moratorium on new data centers on May 1, discussions are continuing on a data center proposal in Lecanto, which was initiated before the pause was instituted." }, { "date": "2026-06-23", "event": "Deltona Corporation withdraws its Holder Industrial Park comprehensive plan and zoning change applications", "source": "s3", "quote": "Citrus County said the Deltona Corporation has withdrawn its applications for the Holder Industrial Park comprehensive plan and zoning change." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Planning board members asked about water usage, noise and job creation; the group No Data Center Citrus opposed the project (s1)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Talks continue over pre-moratorium Citrus County data center proposal", "publisher": "Spectrum News", "url": "https://ny1.com/nyc/queens/news/2026/06/18/talks-continue-over-pre-moratorium-data-center-proposal", "date": "2026-06-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Citrus County data center proposal withdrawn after resident backlash, hearings canceled", "publisher": "FOX 13 Tampa Bay", "url": "https://www.fox13news.com/news/citrus-county-data-center-proposal-withdrawn-resident-backlash-hearings-canceled", "date": "2026-06-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Deltona Corporation has withdrawn its applications for land tied to future data center in Citrus County: BOCC", "publisher": "ABC Action News (WFTS)", "url": "https://www.tampabay28.com/news/region-citrus-hernando/deltona-corporation-has-withdrawn-its-applications-for-land-tied-to-future-data-center-in-citrus-county-bocc", "date": "2026-06-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Data center proposal in Citrus County, Florida, withdrawn by developer", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/data-center-proposal-in-citrus-county-florida-withdrawn-by-developer/", "date": "2026-06-25", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "howell-township-mi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/howell-township-mi", "name": "Howell Township Data Center", "aka": [ "Howell Township hyperscale data center" ], "city": "Howell", "county": "Livingston County", "state": "MI", "lat": 42.64, "lng": -83.95, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "paused", "statusNote": "Developers withdrew the rezoning request on Dec. 8, 2025; Planet Detroit reported they could resubmit after the township's six-month moratorium.", "developer": "Randee LLC / Stantec Consulting Michigan Inc.", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Randee LLC and Stantec Consulting Michigan sought to rezone 1,077 acres of mostly farmland north of I-96 in Howell Township for a reported $1 billion data center campus. The township and county planning commissions recommended denial, and the township board adopted a six-month data center moratorium. The developers withdrew the rezoning request in December 2025. A township trustee said Meta was the company behind the project, and local station WHMI reported Meta’s involvement as confirmed.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 1077, "unit": "acres", "note": "19 parcels bounded by Owosso, Marr, Fleming and Warner roads (WHMI)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1000000000, "note": "reported figure; a township trustee estimated $9 billion for the completed facility (s4)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 10, "note": "up to ten single-story structures, per DCD", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "DTE Energy", "source": "s7" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09-23", "event": "Howell Township Planning Commission unanimously recommends denying the rezoning after a seven-hour meeting", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-11-19", "event": "Livingston County Planning Commission recommends against the rezoning", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-11-20", "event": "Howell Township Board unanimously adopts a six-month data center moratorium; it does not cover the pending rezoning request", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-11-21", "event": "Trustee Bob Wilson says Meta is behind the project", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-12-08", "event": "Developers withdraw the rezoning application", "source": "s3" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents and environmental advocates raised concerns about water use and electricity costs (s2)", "Opposition petitions gathered more than 3,700 signatures (s3)", "The end user was kept confidential until after approval; a township trustee said he leaked that it was Meta (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Data Center Moratorium Enacted In Howell Township", "publisher": "WHMI 93.5", "url": "https://www.whmi.com/news/article/howell-township-data-center-moratorium", "date": "2025-11-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Howell Township planners reject rezoning for massive data center", "publisher": "Planet Detroit", "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2025/09/data-center-rezoning-howell/", "date": "2025-09-25", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Data center developers hit pause on $1 billion Howell Township proposal: 'The right thing to do now'", "publisher": "Planet Detroit", "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2025/12/billion-dollar-data-center-paused/", "date": "2025-12-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Howell Township board OKs 6-month data center moratorium; opponents say it exempts current plan", "publisher": "Michigan Advance", "url": "https://michiganadvance.com/2025/11/21/local-michigan-township-trustee-says-meta-is-behind-data-center-project-planned-near-howell/", "date": "2025-11-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Howell Township Board Regular Meeting Agenda, November 20, 2025", "publisher": "Howell Township", "url": "https://www.howelltownshipmi.org/dbfiles/download/boardmeetings/agenda/391", "date": "2025-11-20", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Meta reportedly behind $1bn data center in Howell County, Michigan", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/meta-reportedly-the-company-behind-1bn-data-center-in-howell-county-michigan/", "date": "2025-11-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Howell Township Data Center Win: $1B Project Withdrawn After Community Meeting on Energy and Infrastructure Impacts", "publisher": "FracTracker Alliance", "url": "https://www.fractracker.org/2026/01/howell-township-data-center-win", "date": "2026-01-14", "type": "other" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "kenwood-commons-albany-ny", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/kenwood-commons-albany-ny", "name": "Kenwood Commons", "aka": [ "Kenwood Tech Center" ], "city": "Albany", "county": "Albany County", "state": "NY", "lat": 42.6526, "lng": -73.7562, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Early stage: the developers say no formal applications have been filed; a state permit pause for data centers over 50 MW runs to July 2027", "developer": "Guild Ventures (EKG)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Guild Ventures, a subsidiary of EKG, is pitching a data center as one piece of a mixed-use redevelopment called Kenwood Commons on the vacant former Doane Stuart School property in Albany's South End. The developers say they have not filed formal applications and do not yet know the facility's megawatt need, while residents' groups, who cite a 180 MW figure, have held forums opposing it.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 76, "unit": "acres", "note": "size of the former Doane Stuart School site", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 250000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "data center building, as described by the developers at an August 2026 community meeting", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "air-cooled", "note": "developers say it will not need large amounts of water", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": "125 to 175 full-time jobs at the data center (about 500 full-time-equivalent jobs for the whole development)", "note": "developer figures", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "December 2028", "note": "proposed date for the data center to come online", "source": "s2", "quote": "EKG is proposing putting their data center online in December 2028." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-05-28", "event": "Albany County Executive Dan McCoy says the county has no control over the site and calls for a cost-benefit analysis of the proposal", "source": "s1", "quote": "Albany County doesn't have control over the site of a proposed data center in Albany" }, { "date": "2026-08-06", "event": "Developers hold a community meeting and say no formal applications or proposals have been submitted yet", "source": "s2", "quote": "They said they haven't submitted any formal applications or proposals." }, { "date": "2026-10-19", "event": "Residents and invited experts hold a public forum on the proposal's effect on electric bills and the grid; no government vote is scheduled in the coverage", "source": "s3" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Speakers at the October forum said the project would raise electricity bills and strain the grid; they cited a 180 MW request, which the station did not confirm (s3)", "Developers said in August that they did not yet know how many megawatts the facility would need (s2)", "The Mount Hope Neighborhood Association opposes any data center near residential areas, and residents say the South End would bear a disproportionate share of impacts (s3)", "Guild Ventures says it expects limited water use and protections for ratepayers (s3)", "A New York executive order pauses state environmental permits for data centers over 50 MW until July 2027 (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Albany Co. exec says county doesn't control proposed data center", "publisher": "Spectrum News", "url": "https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nys/capital-region/news/2026/05/28/albany-county-executive-proposed-data-center", "date": "2026-05-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Kenwood data center developers try to assuage community concerns", "publisher": "WAMC", "url": "https://www.wamc.org/news/2026-08-06/kenwood-data-center-albany-community-meeting", "date": "2026-08-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Albany residents hear experts on Kenwood Commons data center's community impact", "publisher": "WRGB CBS6 Albany", "url": "https://cbs6albany.com/news/local/albany-residents-weigh-in-at-forum-on-proposed-kenwood-commons-data-center-wrgb", "date": "2026-10-19", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-10-21" }, { "slug": "little-rock-port-ar", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/little-rock-port-ar", "name": "Little Rock Port data center", "aka": [], "city": "Little Rock", "county": "Pulaski County", "state": "AR", "lat": 34.725393, "lng": -92.358556, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Little Rock's board authorized an MOU with Willowbend Capital LLC in April 2025; Arkansas Business (Jan. 2026) cites an unnamed source that Google is behind the project, and Action News 5 (Sept. 2026) says Google is exploring a potential Little Rock project", "developer": "Willowbend Capital LLC (representing an unnamed company)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "An unnamed company represented by Willowbend Capital LLC plans a $1 billion, 300,000-square-foot data center at the Little Rock Port, and Little Rock's Board of Directors adopted a resolution in April 2025 authorizing the mayor to execute a memorandum of understanding for it. In January 2026 a source close to the development told Arkansas Business that Google is the company behind the project.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1000000000, "source": "s1", "quote": "An unnamed company is looking to build a $1 billion, 300,000-SF data center in Little Rock, according to a resolution adopted by the city's board of directors at a special meeting Tuesday." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 300000, "source": "s1", "quote": "An unnamed company is looking to build a $1 billion, 300,000-SF data center in Little Rock, according to a resolution adopted by the city's board of directors at a special meeting Tuesday." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 50, "note": "source says \"about 50 jobs\" without specifying permanent or construction", "source": "s1", "quote": "The project would create about 50 jobs." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Little Rock Board of Directors adopted a resolution at a special meeting authorizing Mayor Frank Scott Jr. to sign the city's memorandum of understanding with Willowbend Capital LLC (April 2025)", "source": "s1", "quote": "The resolution authorizes Mayor Frank Scott Jr. to execute a memorandum of understanding with Willowbend Capital LLC, an entity that represents the company behind the project at the Little Rock Port." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-04", "event": "Little Rock Board of Directors adopts a resolution authorizing a memorandum of understanding with Willowbend Capital LLC for a $1 billion, 300,000-square-foot data center by an unnamed company", "source": "s1", "quote": "An unnamed company is looking to build a $1 billion, 300,000-SF data center in Little Rock, according to a resolution adopted by the city's board of directors at a special meeting Tuesday." }, { "date": "2026-01", "event": "A source close to the development tells Arkansas Business that Google is the company behind the Little Rock Port project", "source": "s2", "quote": "A source close to the $1 billion data center development at the Little Rock Port confirmed to Arkansas Business Wednesday night that Google is the entity behind the project." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Willowbend Capital LLC, led by Michael Montfort, represented the company and has not disclosed Google's involvement (s2)", "The memorandum states additional data center facilities could be built at the site if the \"right economic, business, and market conditions exist\" (s1)", "Action News 5: \"Google is also exploring a second potential data center project in Little Rock.\" The report does not name the site (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Little Rock Looks to Host $1B Data Center With Mystery Developer", "publisher": "Arkansas Business", "url": "https://www.arkansasbusiness.com/article/little-rock-1-billion-data-center-project/", "date": "2025-04-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Google Is Behind $1B Data Center at Little Rock Port, Source Says", "publisher": "Arkansas Business", "url": "https://www.arkansasbusiness.com/article/google-little-rock-port-data-center/", "date": "2026-01-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Lawmakers question West Memphis data center project's impact on Entergy ratepayers", "publisher": "Action News 5 (WMC)", "url": "https://www.actionnews5.com/2026/09/18/lawmakers-question-west-memphis-data-center-projects-impact-entergy-ratepayers/", "date": "2026-09-17", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-24" }, { "slug": "balloonist-menomonie-wi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/balloonist-menomonie-wi", "name": "Menomonie Data Center (Balloonist LLC)", "aka": [], "city": "Menomonie", "county": "Dunn County", "state": "WI", "lat": 44.8755, "lng": -91.9193, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "paused", "statusNote": "Mayor said in September 2025 the city will not negotiate a development agreement or TIF district at this time", "developer": "Balloonist LLC", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Balloonist LLC proposed a $1.6 billion data center on about 320 acres of farmland that the Menomonie City Council annexed from the Town of Red Cedar and rezoned in 2025. In September 2025 Mayor Randy Knaack said the city would not negotiate a development agreement or tax increment district at this time, putting the project on pause.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1600000000, "source": "s1", "quote": "An unnamed tech company is proposing a $1.6 billion data center in the western Wisconsin city of Menomonie — and concerned citizens are raising the alarm." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 320, "note": "around 320 acres", "source": "s1", "quote": "The city council has annexed and rezoned around 320 acres of farmland, but some of those who voted yes say they don't necessarily support the data center and need more information from developers." }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 75000, "note": "city estimate, around 75,000 gallons per day", "source": "s1", "quote": "The city estimates the data center would use around 75,000 gallons of water per day." }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1000, "note": "up to 1,000, per city FAQ", "source": "s1", "quote": "A frequently asked questions sheet posted by the city claims the 320-acre site would host a $1.6 billion data center, would provide up to 1,000 construction jobs and result in between 50 and 75 full time employees working \"six-figure jobs.\"" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": "50-75", "note": "range: between 50 and 75 full-time employees, per city FAQ", "source": "s1", "quote": "would provide up to 1,000 construction jobs and result in between 50 and 75 full time employees working \"six-figure jobs.\"" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Annexed from the Town of Red Cedar and rezoned", "source": "s1", "quote": "Council member Sydney Brennan, who voted to annex from the neighboring Town of Red Cedar and rezone it, said the council has been told it's one of five major tech companies." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "City will not, for now, negotiate a development agreement or set up a tax increment district", "source": "s3", "quote": "the City will not negotiate a development agreement or establish a tax increment district at this time to support a data center." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-02", "event": "Menomonie's city administrator signs a nondisclosure agreement with Balloonist", "source": "s4", "quote": "The city administrator signed his in February 2024, about 18 months before the public learned anything about the project." }, { "date": "2025", "event": "City council annexes and rezones about 320 acres of farmland for the project", "source": "s2", "quote": "The announcement comes after the city council had already annexed and rezoned around 320 acres of farmland for the project." }, { "date": "2025-09-17", "event": "Mayor directs the city administrator to contact Balloonist LLC about his decision", "source": "s2", "quote": "Last Wednesday, Sept. 17, I drafted a memo and had our city administrator contact Balloonist LLC." }, { "date": "2025-09-22", "event": "Mayor announces at a council meeting that the city will not move forward with a development agreement", "source": "s4", "quote": "Mayor Randy Knaack announced at a Sept. 22 city council meeting that he had notified Balloonist that the city would not be moving forward with a development agreement." }, { "date": "2026-01", "event": "City council votes unanimously to add regulations on data center projects", "source": "s4", "quote": "More good news came in January when the Menomonie City Council voted unanimously to place additional regulations on data center projects." }, { "date": "2026-06-30", "event": "Mayor says a draft update to the I-4 data center zoning ordinance will be introduced at the Aug. 3 council meeting with no vote, and that Balloonist can apply to rezone to I-4 only after it is adopted", "source": "s5", "quote": "Once the ordinance is adopted, Balloonist LLC, will have the legal opportunity to apply for rezoning of their property to I-4 zoning, should they decide to do so." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "City officials signed nondisclosure agreements with Balloonist, and the operating company has not been named (s1, s4)", "Mayor Knaack said he acted after listening to community concerns (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "$1.6B data center proposed in Menomonie draws strong response from concerned citizens", "publisher": "WPR", "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/data-center-proposed-menomonie-strong-response-concerned-citizens", "date": "2025-09-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Menomonie mayor puts $1.6B data center proposal on hold", "publisher": "WPR", "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/menomonie-mayor-puts-data-center-proposal-on-hold", "date": "2025-09-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Press Release: Mayor Randy Knaack on Data Center", "publisher": "City of Menomonie", "url": "https://www.menomonie-wi.gov/DocumentCenter/View/2569/-92325-Press-Release-Mayor-Randy-Knaack-on-Data-Center-PDF", "date": "2025-09-23", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "One Wisconsin City Beat Back a Data Center. Now Residents Are Helping Others Do the Same.", "publisher": "Next City", "url": "https://nextcity.org/urbanist-news/one-wisconsin-city-beat-back-a-data-center-coalition-toolkit", "date": "2026-04-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Mayor Matthew Crowe Public Statement, Data Center Ordinance Update", "publisher": "City of Menomonie", "url": "https://www.menomonie-wi.gov/DocumentCenter/View/2963/63026-Press-Release-Data-Center-Ordinance-Update-PDF", "date": "2026-06-30", "type": "government" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "meta-cheyenne-wy", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/meta-cheyenne-wy", "name": "Meta Cheyenne Data Center", "aka": [ "Project Cosmo", "Goat Systems LLC" ], "city": "Cheyenne", "county": "Laramie County", "state": "WY", "lat": 41.14, "lng": -104.8202, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "First phase under construction and not yet online; city ended the project's industrial wastewater discharges after a 2026 contamination incident", "developer": "Meta (Goat Systems LLC)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Meta is building an $800 million data center, known during development as Project Cosmo, on a 960-acre parcel in the High Plains Business Park in south Cheyenne. It is expected to go online in 2027. In 2026 the Cheyenne Board of Public Utilities traced a bacterial contamination of the city's reuse water system to the project's fill-and-flush operations and stopped accepting that wastewater from data centers.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 800000000, "note": "more than $800 million (company-stated)", "source": "s1", "quote": "invest more than $800 million" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 960, "unit": "acres", "source": "s2", "quote": "a 960-acre parcel of land in the High Plains Business Park" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 715000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "other outlets report 750,000 and roughly 800,000 sq ft", "source": "s1", "quote": "715,000 sq ft (66,425 sqm) campus" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 100, "source": "s3", "quote": "will employ 100 operations positions when completed" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1000, "note": "over 1,000 skilled trades people, temporarily", "source": "s3", "quote": "will temporarily employ over 1,000 skilled trades people" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "First phase closed-loop; second phase evaporative", "source": "s4", "quote": "The first phase under construction uses a closed-loop cooling system, while the second phase will use evaporative cooling." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Cheyenne Light, Fuel & Power (Black Hills Energy)", "source": "s6", "quote": "Cheyenne, Wyoming, an area served by the company's electric utility, Cheyenne Light, Fuel & Power Company" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Black Hills Energy grid, with new resources including renewables (company-stated)", "source": "s1", "quote": "work with Black Hills Energy to add new resources to the grid, including renewables" }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "Cheyenne BOPU revoked Goat Systems LLC's industrial discharge privileges for fill-and-flush operations effective March 24, 2026", "source": "s5", "quote": "revoked the company's industrial discharge privileges for those operations effective March 24" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "2027", "source": "s2", "quote": "expected to go online in 2027" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-05-09", "event": "Cowboy State Daily reports Meta is behind the Project Cosmo data center in south Cheyenne", "source": "s7", "quote": "EXCLUSIVE: Meta Coming To Cheyenne; Multibillion-Dollar Data Center Planned" }, { "date": "2024-07-02", "event": "Meta unveils the $800 million Project Cosmo data center", "source": "s2", "quote": "$800 million Project Cosmo unveiled as Meta data center" }, { "date": "2026-03-24", "event": "BOPU revokes the company's industrial discharge privileges for fill-and-flush operations", "source": "s5", "quote": "revoked the company's industrial discharge privileges for those operations effective March 24" }, { "date": "2026-07-02", "event": "BOPU announces it will no longer accept industrial wastewater from data center fill-and-flush or closed-loop cooling operations", "source": "s4", "quote": "In response to the incident, BOPU announced Thursday it will no longer accept industrial wastewater discharges associated with fill-and-flush operations or closed-loop cooling systems used by data centers." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The city found Goat Systems LLC in 'significant noncompliance' with industrial pretreatment rules after Cupriavidus gilardii bacteria contaminated the municipal reuse water system (s5)", "Meta says its contractor Fortis immediately stopped discharging industrial wastewater and began hauling it offsite (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Meta officially announces data center in Cheyenne, Wyoming", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/meta-officially-announces-data-center-in-cheyenne-wyoming/", "date": "2024-07-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "$800 million Project Cosmo unveiled as Meta data center", "publisher": "Wyoming Tribune Eagle", "url": "https://www.wyomingnews.com/news/local_news/800-million-project-cosmo-unveiled-as-meta-data-center/article_96fbe6c0-389c-11ef-8181-a7ac38a0e927.html", "date": "2024-07-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Meta announces $800 million data center in Cheyenne", "publisher": "Wyoming Public Media", "url": "https://www.wyomingpublicmedia.org/wyoming-economy/2024-07-08/meta-announces-800-million-data-center-in-cheyenne", "date": "2024-07-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Cheyenne BOPU traces rare bacteria discharge to Meta data center contractor", "publisher": "Wyoming Tribune Eagle", "url": "https://www.wyomingnews.com/news/local_news/cheyenne-bopu-traces-rare-bacteria-discharge-to-meta-data-center-contractor/article_1c538467-06ec-427d-9a6f-33797cd3c6ce.html", "date": "2026-07-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Cheyenne Won't Take Data Center Wastewater After Meta Contractor Contaminated System", "publisher": "Cowboy State Daily", "url": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2026/07/02/cheyenne-wont-take-data-center-wastewater-after-meta-company-contaminated-system/", "date": "2026-07-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Black Hills Corp. to Power Meta's New Data Center in Wyoming with Innovative Energy Solutions and Mission-Critical Reliability", "publisher": "Black Hills Corp.", "url": "https://ir.blackhillscorp.com/news-releases/news-release-details/black-hills-corp-power-metas-new-data-center-wyoming-innovative", "date": "2024-07-11", "type": "utility" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "EXCLUSIVE: Meta Coming To Cheyenne; Multibillion-Dollar Data Center Planned", "publisher": "Cowboy State Daily", "url": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2024/05/09/exclusive-work-underway-on-multibillion-dollar-meta-data-center-in-wyoming/", "date": "2024-05-09", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "meta-rosemount-mn", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/meta-rosemount-mn", "name": "Meta Rosemount Data Center", "aka": [], "city": "Rosemount", "county": "Dakota County", "state": "MN", "lat": 44.7394, "lng": -93.1258, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Planned to open later in 2026; the city's April 2026 moratorium on new data centers does not affect it", "developer": "Meta", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Meta is building an $800 million, 715,000-square-foot data center on a 280-acre parcel in UMore Park in Rosemount, Minnesota. The project was announced in March 2024 and was planned to open later in 2026, according to an April 2026 report; the Rosemount City Council's one-year moratorium on new data center developments will not interfere with it.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 800000000, "source": "s1", "quote": "Governor Tim Walz today announced that Meta will build an $800 million, 715,000-square-foot data center in Rosemount, supporting approximately 100 operational jobs and at least 1,000 skilled trade jobs at peak construction." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 700000000, "note": "'at least $700 million' per an Oct. 31 Xcel Energy filing with the Minnesota PUC", "source": "s4", "quote": "An Oct. 31 filing from Xcel Energy with the Minnesota Public Utilities Commission (PUC) – which would need to approve Xcel's contracts for the project – states that the buyer expects to pour at least $700 million into the data center" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 715000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s1", "quote": "Governor Tim Walz today announced that Meta will build an $800 million, 715,000-square-foot data center in Rosemount" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 750000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "campus size in the planning approval; differs from the 715,000 sq ft in the state announcement", "source": "s5", "quote": "the Rosemount Planning Commission unanimously approved on Nov. 28 a planned unit development final site and building plan for the construction of a 750,000-square-foot data center campus for Meta" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 2, "note": "two main one-story buildings of approximately 297,000 and 348,000 sq ft, plus ancillary buildings of approximately 81,000 sq ft", "source": "s5", "quote": "It includes two main, one-story buildings approximately 297,000 and 348,000 square feet, along with ancillary buildings of approximately 81,000 square feet to house office space and support equipment." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 280, "unit": "acres", "note": "parcel in UMore Park", "source": "s1", "quote": "Located on a 280-acre parcel of land in UMore Park, the project will contribute millions in tax revenue through local property taxes, fees, and other indirect revenue streams." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 100, "note": "approximately 100 operational jobs", "source": "s1", "quote": "supporting approximately 100 operational jobs and at least 1,000 skilled trade jobs at peak construction." }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1000, "note": "at least 1,000 skilled trade jobs at peak construction", "source": "s1", "quote": "supporting approximately 100 operational jobs and at least 1,000 skilled trade jobs at peak construction." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop liquid", "note": "Meta says the system will use zero operational water", "source": "s7", "quote": "Using an efficient closed-loop, liquid cooled system that will use zero operational water." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "dry cooling", "note": "per developer's engineers at city approval", "source": "s6", "quote": "Kimley-Horn developers said Meta will use a dry cooling system that will reduce water use on the site." }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Supported by 100% renewable energy, per Meta", "source": "s1", "quote": "Like all of Meta's data centers, the Rosemount Data Center will be supported by 100% renewable energy, and Meta will work with partners to add new renewable energy resources to the grid." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Xcel Energy", "source": "s2", "quote": "Meta will also partner with the city and Xcel Energy on local infrastructure projects, including energy upgrades and new transmission lines in the UMore area.", "note": "partner on new transmission lines and energy upgrades in the UMore area" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "2026", "note": "planned to open later in 2026 per April 2026 report", "source": "s8", "quote": "The current Meta Data Center, located at the UMore Park, is planned to open later this year." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Previously rezoned from agricultural use to business park planned development", "source": "s4", "quote": "It was also previously rezoned by Rosemount from agricultural use to business park planned development." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Rosemount City Council unanimously granted approvals for Jimnist LLC to construct the data center campus", "source": "s6", "quote": "The Rosemount City Council unanimously granted approvals on Thursday for Jimnist LLC to clear the way for construction of a 750,000-square-foot data center campus for Meta" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-11-28", "event": "Rosemount Planning Commission unanimously approves the PUD final site and building plan for the Meta campus", "source": "s5", "quote": "the Rosemount Planning Commission unanimously approved on Nov. 28 a planned unit development final site and building plan for the construction of a 750,000-square-foot data center campus for Meta" }, { "date": "2024-03", "event": "Initial site work to begin, with foundation building in late summer or early fall, per an official quoted", "source": "s2", "quote": "He said initial site work will begin this month, with foundation building beginning in late summer or early fall." }, { "date": "2024-03-14", "event": "Governor Walz announces Meta will build an $800 million data center in Rosemount", "source": "s1", "quote": "Governor Tim Walz today announced that Meta will build an $800 million, 715,000-square-foot data center in Rosemount" }, { "date": "2026-04-21", "event": "Rosemount City Council unanimously adopts a one-year moratorium covering new data center developments", "source": "s8", "quote": "The Rosemount City Council voted unanimously at its April 21 meeting to adopt a one-year moratorium on new data center developments in order to complete further studies and evaluations." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The Planning Commission's approval came despite some environmental concerns (s5)", "Xcel Energy says it will bring energy upgrades to UMore Park, including new transmission lines (s1)", "Governor Walz indicated Minnesota's data center tax incentives likely played a role in Meta's selection (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Governor Walz Announces Meta Will Build New Data Center in Rosemount", "publisher": "Office of Governor Tim Walz", "url": "https://mn.gov/governor/newsroom/press-releases/?id=1055-614120", "date": "2024-03-14", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Meta to open data center in Rosemount in 2026", "publisher": "MPR News", "url": "https://www.mprnews.org/story/2024/03/14/meta-to-open-data-center-in-rosemount-in-2026", "date": "2024-03-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Meta Picks Rosemount for $800M Data Center", "publisher": "Twin Cities Business", "url": "https://tcbmag.com/meta-picks-rosemount-for-800m-data-center/", "date": "2024-03-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Rosemount city leaders hear update on possible Meta data site", "publisher": "KSTP", "url": "https://kstp.com/kstp-news/local-news/rosemount-councilors-to-consider-plans-for-proposed-data-center-site-at-tuesday-meeting/", "date": "2023-12-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Meta data center earns Rosemount commission's OK", "publisher": "Sun ThisWeek (hometownsource.com)", "url": "https://www.hometownsource.com/sun_thisweek/community/rosemount/meta-data-center-earns-rosemount-commissions-ok/article_b145ceee-9516-11ee-a952-af7593efc519.html", "date": "2023-12-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Rosemount council approves final plan for Meta data center", "publisher": "Sun ThisWeek (hometownsource.com)", "url": "https://www.hometownsource.com/sun_thisweek/community/rosemount/rosemount-council-approves-final-plan-for-meta-data-center/article_c253258e-a0a5-11ee-916c-2722e1d79c3d.html", "date": "", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Rosemount Data Center Info Sheet", "publisher": "Meta", "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/asset/rosemount-data-center-info-sheet/", "date": "", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Rosemount halts new data center discussion with moratorium", "publisher": "Sun ThisWeek (hometownsource.com)", "url": "https://www.hometownsource.com/sun_thisweek/community/rosemount/rosemount-halts-new-data-center-discussion-with-moratorium/article_59c956b3-230d-4e67-aeeb-57028a66816a.html", "date": "2026-04-23", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "fairwater-mount-pleasant-wi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/fairwater-mount-pleasant-wi", "name": "Microsoft Fairwater", "aka": [ "Microsoft Mount Pleasant datacenter" ], "city": "Mount Pleasant", "county": "Racine County", "state": "WI", "lat": 42.717, "lng": -87.905, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "operating", "statusNote": "First facility complete June 2026; second facility under construction, target 2028; up to 15 more data centers approved Jan 2026", "developer": "Microsoft", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Microsoft's Fairwater AI datacenter sits on a 315-acre site in the Village of Mount Pleasant. Microsoft calls it the world's most powerful AI datacenter. The company announced in June 2026 that construction of the first facility was complete, with equipment online since April 2026. A second facility of similar scale is under construction for 2028, and in January 2026 the Village Board approved up to 15 more Microsoft data centers northwest of the site. Three nearby Sturtevant residents sued Microsoft over noise in July 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 315, "unit": "acres", "note": "existing site", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 7000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "company says 'more than $7 billion': $3.3B initial plus $4B more for a second datacenter", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 800, "unit": "jobs", "note": "about 550 full-time at first facility; about 800 once second facility operates (company figures)", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 3000, "unit": "workers", "note": "3,000+ at peak construction, per Microsoft", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop liquid cooling for over 90% of facility; outside air for the rest, with water only on the hottest days", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Microsoft says it will match fossil-fuel power with carbon-free energy; 250 MW solar project in Portage County under construction", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 9000000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "nearly 9 million sq ft planned for the 15 additional data centers approved Jan 2026, with 3 new substations", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Racine water; the expansion's annual requirement is not to exceed 8.4 million gallons", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Second facility 2028", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "We Energies", "note": "15-year electric service contract signed July 16, 2026", "source": "s6", "quote": "Microsoft's new 15-year electric service contract for its Mount Pleasant data center includes a provision Wisconsin regulators previously rejected." }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "WDNR construction permit application 24-MIN-238 and operation permit revision 25230249A-F03 (six new and two revised data centers); public hearing Dec. 2, 2024", "source": "s7", "quote": "The public hearing will be held on Dec. 2, 2024, at 2:00 pm." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "40 emergency generators and two emergency fire pumps at the 1.3 million sq ft facility; 39 backup generators at the existing facility", "note": "ultra-low sulfur diesel and/or hydrotreated vegetable oil; per WDNR as reported by WPR", "source": "s8", "quote": "The new 1.3 million-square-foot data center will include 40 emergency electric generators with pollution controls and two emergency fire pumps, according to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "4800 90th Street, Mount Pleasant, Racine County (FID 252302490)", "source": "s7", "quote": "Microsoft Mount Pleasant Data Centers, located at 4800 90th Street, Mount Pleasant, Racine County, Wisconsin, FID 252302490" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Located in Village of Mount Pleasant Tax Incremental District No. 5, created in 2017 for Foxconn", "source": "s9", "quote": "TID No. 5 was created in November 2017 for the Foxconn project and includes about 3,900 acres of Business Park-zoned land along the Interstate 94 corridor" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Business Park-zoned land within TID No. 5", "source": "s9", "quote": "TID No. 5 was created in November 2017 for the Foxconn project and includes about 3,900 acres of Business Park-zoned land along the Interstate 94 corridor" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-03-30", "event": "Village of Mount Pleasant approves purchase and sale, development and implementation agreements with Microsoft for about 315 acres in TID 5", "source": "s10" }, { "date": "2024-05", "event": "Microsoft announces Mount Pleasant datacenter", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-09-18", "event": "Microsoft details Fairwater and commits $4B to a second datacenter", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-01-26", "event": "Mount Pleasant Village Board unanimously approves up to 15 additional Microsoft data centers", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-04", "event": "Equipment brought online at first facility", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-06-23", "event": "Microsoft announces construction of first facility is complete", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-07-02", "event": "Three Sturtevant residents sue Microsoft in federal court over noise", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-07-16", "event": "Microsoft signs 15-year electric service contract with We Energies", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-10-14", "event": "Village Plan Commission unanimously backs Microsoft's amended site plan, which drops two of nine planned data center buildings while raising total floor area above 5.8 million sq ft; Village Board vote expected later in October", "source": "s11" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Sturtevant residents v. Microsoft (noise class action)", "court": "U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin", "filed": "2026-07-01", "status": "pending", "summary": "Three Sturtevant residents filed a class action alleging private nuisance and negligence from data center noise.", "source": "s5", "quote": "The class action lawsuit was filed Wednesday in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin by three residents of Sturtevant who live near the data center." } ], "issues": [ "Three Sturtevant residents allege excessive noise from diesel generators and HVAC, including low-frequency infrasound, in a federal suit (s5)", "Three residents raised concerns at the January 2026 expansion approval; six spoke in favor (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Made in Wisconsin: The world's most powerful AI datacenter", "publisher": "Microsoft On the Issues", "url": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2025/09/18/made-in-wisconsin-the-worlds-most-powerful-ai-datacenter/", "date": "2025-09-18", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Microsoft gains approval for 15 new data centers in Wisconsin", "publisher": "w.media", "url": "https://w.media/microsoft-gains-approval-for-15-new-data-centers-in-wisconsin/", "date": "2026-01-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Microsoft completes construction on first datacenter facility in Mount Pleasant, Wisconsin", "publisher": "Microsoft Source", "url": "https://news.microsoft.com/source/2026/06/23/microsoft-completes-construction-on-first-datacenter-facility-in-mount-pleasant-wisconsin/", "date": "2026-06-23", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Microsoft finishes construction of Mount Pleasant data center, plans for more", "publisher": "WPR", "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/microsoft-finishes-construction-mount-pleasant-data-center", "date": "2026-06-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Microsoft sued over noise complaints at new Mount Pleasant data center facility", "publisher": "WPR", "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/microsoft-sued-noise-complaints-at-new-mount-pleasant-data-center", "date": "2026-07-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Microsoft-We Energies contract retains provision PSC struck down", "publisher": "Wisconsin Watch", "url": "https://wisconsinwatch.org/2026/08/wisconsin-we-energies-microsoft-data-center-contract-terms-conflict-psc-regulators-electricity/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-08-06" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Microsoft Corporation Data Center Construction (24-MIN-238) And Operation Permit (25230249A-F03) Public Hearing", "publisher": "Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources", "url": "https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/calendar/hearing/100736", "type": "government", "date": "2024-12-02" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Microsoft to use diesel-fired generators as backup power for data centers", "publisher": "WPR", "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/microsoft-to-use-diesel-fired-generators-as-backup-power-for-data-centers", "type": "news", "date": "2024-11-15" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Mt. Pleasant creates project review committee for TID housing Microsoft data centers", "publisher": "JT Irregulars", "url": "https://www.jtirregulars.com/2026/08/mt-pleasant-creates-project-review.html", "type": "news", "date": "2026-08" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Village of Mount Pleasant Approves Agreements with Microsoft", "publisher": "Village of Mount Pleasant (via Urban Milwaukee)", "url": "https://urbanmilwaukee.com/pressrelease/village-of-mount-pleasant-approves-agreements-with-microsoft/", "type": "government", "date": "2023-03-30" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "Microsoft planning to build fewer data centers at sprawling Mount Pleasant campus", "publisher": "Wisconsin Public Radio", "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/microsoft-fewer-data-centers-sprawling-mount-pleasant-campus", "type": "news", "date": "2026-10-15" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-10-20" }, { "slug": "fairwater-atlanta-fayetteville-ga", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/fairwater-atlanta-fayetteville-ga", "name": "Microsoft Fairwater Atlanta", "aka": [ "Fairwater 2", "Azure AI superfactory (Atlanta)" ], "city": "Fayetteville", "county": "Fayette County", "state": "GA", "lat": 33.4487, "lng": -84.4549, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "operating", "statusNote": "Began operations October 2025, according to Microsoft", "developer": "Microsoft", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Microsoft's second 'Fairwater' AI datacenter, a two-story facility in Fayetteville, Georgia, linked by dedicated fiber to its Wisconsin Fairwater site to act as a distributed 'AI superfactory.' The AJC reports it is housed within QTS's 615-acre Fayetteville data center campus and exceeds 1 million square feet. Microsoft says it began operating in October 2025, uses closed-loop liquid cooling, runs on utility power without on-site generators or UPS, and that the Fairwater network supports OpenAI, Microsoft's AI Superintelligence team and Copilot workloads.", "facts": [ { "field": "sqft", "value": 1000000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "more than 1 million sq ft, per AJC", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 615, "unit": "acres", "note": "total QTS campus that houses the facility", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop liquid (direct liquid cooling at rack level, ~140 kW per rack)", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "closed-loop; Microsoft says the initial fill equals what about 20 homes use in a year and operations consume almost zero water", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Utility grid only; no on-site generation or UPS, per Microsoft", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Fayetteville City Council unanimously approved annexation and rezoning of the final 412 acres on June 30, 2022", "source": "s7", "quote": "The annexation and rezoning of the final 412 acres for the project on the city's west side was approved unanimously by the Fayetteville City Council on June 30." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "1435 Highway 54 West", "note": "address named in the development agreement adopted by the council", "source": "s8", "quote": "The council on June 15 unanimously voted 'to adopt the Development Agreement between the City of Fayetteville and National Acquisition Company, LLC for the QTS Data Center located at 1435 Highway 54 West.'" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-08", "event": "QTS buys about 600 acres in Fayetteville for $153.8 million for a planned 250 MW campus", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2023-06-15", "event": "Fayetteville City Council unanimously adopts development agreement with National Acquisition Company, LLC for the QTS data center", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2025-05", "event": "Fayetteville issues certificate of occupancy for the first building on the QTS campus", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-09-25", "event": "City issues construction completion certificate", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Facility begins operations", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-11-12", "event": "Microsoft publicly unveils Fairwater Atlanta as part of its AI superfactory", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-03-05", "event": "City of Fayetteville prohibits new data centers in every zoning district via Ordinance 26-0-12", "source": "s9" }, { "date": "2026-05-13", "event": "Fayette County publishes fact sheet saying QTS monthly water use is under 1% of county water production", "source": "s6" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Neighborhood groups, environmentalists and Fayette County residents have raised concerns about electricity and water use (s1)", "Fayette County says QTS campus water use is under 1% of Fayette County Water's production and does not affect residential water pressure (s6)", "Development Authority of Fayette County's Niki Vanderslice said the county has no sites suited to another data center and wants the community to 'realize the benefits' first (s1)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Microsoft's newest AI 'superfactory' opens at sprawling Fayetteville campus", "publisher": "Atlanta Journal-Constitution", "url": "https://www.ajc.com/business/2025/11/microsofts-newest-ai-superfactory-opens-at-sprawling-fayetteville-campus/", "date": "2025-11-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Microsoft launches Atlanta Fairwater AI data center - two stories, no UPS or gen-sets", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-launches-atlanta-fairwater-data-center-two-stories-no-ups-or-gen-sets/", "date": "2025-11-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Infinite scale: The architecture behind the Azure AI superfactory", "publisher": "Microsoft", "url": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2025/11/12/infinite-scale-the-architecture-behind-the-azure-ai-superfactory/", "date": "2025-11-12", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "From Wisconsin to Atlanta: Microsoft connects datacenters to build its first AI superfactory", "publisher": "Microsoft", "url": "https://news.microsoft.com/source/features/ai/from-wisconsin-to-atlanta-microsoft-connects-datacenters-to-build-its-first-ai-superfactory/", "date": "2025-11-12", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "QTS confirmed as behind 250MW data center mega-project in Fayetteville, Georgia", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/qts-confirmed-as-behind-250mw-data-center-mega-project-in-fayetteville-georgia/", "date": "2022-08-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Facts about the QTS Fayetteville Data Center Campus Project", "publisher": "Fayette County, Georgia", "url": "https://fayettecountyga.gov/news_detail_T2_R185.php", "date": "2026-05-13", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "A look at the developer of Fayette's first data center", "publisher": "The Citizen", "url": "https://thecitizen.com/2022/07/11/a-look-at-the-developer-of-fayettes-first-data-center/", "type": "news", "date": "2022-07-11" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Fayetteville approves development agreement for 612-acre QTS Data Center on Hwy. 54 West", "publisher": "The Citizen", "url": "https://thecitizen.com/2023/06/19/fayetteville-approves-development-agreement-for-612-acre-qts-data-center-on-hwy-54-west/", "type": "news", "date": "2023-06-19" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Data Center Discussion", "publisher": "City of Fayetteville, GA", "url": "https://www.fayetteville-ga.gov/746/Data-Center-Discussion", "type": "government", "date": "2026" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "microsoft-gaines-township-mi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/microsoft-gaines-township-mi", "name": "Microsoft Gaines Township data center", "aka": [], "city": "Caledonia", "county": "Kent County", "state": "MI", "lat": 42.7892, "lng": -85.5167, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Planning Commission tabled rezoning decision after April 15, 2026 public hearing", "developer": "Microsoft", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Microsoft proposes a data center campus near Patterson Avenue SE and 76th Street SE in Gaines Township, south of Grand Rapids, on land that includes about 316 acres bought from Steelcase in 2024. It is seeking to rezone additional parcels, about 104 acres across five parcels by April 2026, to light industrial. After a third public hearing on April 15, 2026, the township Planning Commission tabled the decision.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 316, "unit": "acres", "note": "already-zoned land bought in 2024 for $45.3 million; about 104 more acres proposed for rezoning", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Byron-Gaines Water System (municipal); Microsoft says it will not withdraw groundwater", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Consumers Energy", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Microsoft says it will not seek local property tax abatements", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "7147 Patterson Avenue; 6900 East Paris Avenue; 4233, 4367 and 4645 76th Street", "source": "s7", "quote": "7147 Patterson Avenue, Conditional Rezone from Steelcase PUD-LSP to Light Industrial • 6900 East Paris Avenue, Rezoning from Steelcase PUD-LSP to Light Industrial • 4233 76th Street, 4367 76th Street, and 4645 76th Street, Rezoning from Agricultural/Rural Residential to Light Industrial" }, { "field": "noise_limit_dba", "value": 65, "unit": "dBA", "note": "Offered condition: not to exceed 65 dBA at property lines abutting residentially zoned or residential-use parcels during normal operations", "source": "s5", "quote": "datacenter operations will not exceed 65 dBA at property lines abutting property residentially zoned or having an existing residential use during normal operations" }, { "field": "noise_limit_dba", "value": 85, "unit": "dBA", "note": "Offered condition: not to exceed 85 dBA at those residential property lines during emergency generator use", "source": "s5", "quote": "and 85 dBA at property lines abutting property residentially zoned or having an existing residential use during events of emergency generator use" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-08-19", "event": "Microsoft buys about 316 acres in Gaines Township (confirmed October 2024)", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2024-11", "event": "Microsoft buys a 40.5-acre parcel at 7147 Patterson Ave. SE for $9.7 million", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-12-18", "event": "Planning Commission meeting on rezoning adjourned after overflow crowd", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-04-15", "event": "Third public hearing on rezoning of about 104 acres; Planning Commission tables decision", "source": "s4" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Hundreds of residents attended hearings, many opposed; some requested a moratorium (s4)", "Residents questioned vague 'fair share' electricity cost language and enforceability of commitments (s4)", "Microsoft offered a 65 dBA noise cap at residential property lines, 150-foot setbacks and an 8-foot berm (s4, s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Microsoft confirms major land purchase in Kent Co. for possible data center", "publisher": "FOX 17", "url": "https://www.fox17online.com/news/local-news/kent/microsoft-confirms-major-land-purchase-in-kent-co-for-possible-data-center", "date": "2024-10-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Microsoft plans data center campuses in Dorr and Lowell Townships, Michigan", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-plans-data-centers-in-dorr-and-lowell-townships-applies-for-property-rezoning-in-gaines-townships/", "date": "2026-01-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Microsoft asks Gaines Township to delay vote on data center rezoning", "publisher": "Crain's Grand Rapids Business", "url": "https://www.crainsgrandrapids.com/news/real-estate/microsoft-asks-gaines-township-to-delay-vote-on-data-center-rezoning/", "date": "2026", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Microsoft data center decision on hold after hours-long public hearing in Gaines Township", "publisher": "WWMT", "url": "https://wwmt.com/news/local/microsoft-data-center-decision-vote-planning-commission-public-hearing-gaines-township-kent-county-caledonia-byron-center-wwmt", "date": "2026-04-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Gaines Township proposed data center: What to know before the April 15 public hearing", "publisher": "WWMT", "url": "https://wwmt.com/news/local/gaines-township-proposed-data-center-public-hearing-meeting-microsoft-conditions-rezone-land-noise-water-electricity-community-michigan-wwmt", "date": "2026-04-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Consumers Energy on Microsoft AI data center in Gaines Township ahead of public hearing", "publisher": "WWMT", "url": "https://wwmt.com/news/local/consumers-energy-energy-utilities-microsoft-ai-data-center-gaines-township-caledonia-kent-county-michigan-public-hearing-wwmt", "date": "2026-04-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Minutes of the Gaines Charter Township Planning Commission, April 15, 2026", "publisher": "Gaines Charter Township", "url": "https://cms2.revize.com/revize/gaines/04_15%20FINAL%20Minutes.pdf?t=202606041647410", "type": "government", "date": "2026-04-15" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-10-13" }, { "slug": "microsoft-person-county-nc", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/microsoft-person-county-nc", "name": "Microsoft Mega Park", "aka": [ "Person County Mega Park", "Project Energy" ], "city": null, "county": "Person County", "state": "NC", "lat": 36.504136, "lng": -78.975291, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Microsoft says the project is in the planning phase with early site preparation underway; the county said in February 2026 that permitting would begin later in the year", "developer": "Microsoft", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Microsoft plans a data center campus on the Person County Mega Park in Woodsdale Township on the North Carolina-Virginia border, where Person County announced in October 2024 that Microsoft had purchased 1,350 acres. County officials had signed nondisclosure agreements with the buyer, and Microsoft and local officials confirmed the data center plan on February 24, 2026. Microsoft says the project is in the planning phase with early site preparation underway, and it hosted a meeting with neighbors on June 30, 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 1350, "note": "WRAL (s4) gives 1,385 acres: \"Earlier this year, Microsoft said it was moving forward with developing the 1,385-acre Person County mega site\"", "source": "s1", "quote": "The technology firm acquired the 1,350-acre Person County Mega Park in Woodsdale Township back in November 2024, reportedly paying $26.85 million for the land." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Air-cooled chillers with a closed, recirculating water loop", "note": "company statement", "source": "s2", "quote": "Our new datacenters in Person County are expected to reduce water use by relying on air‑cooled chillers that use a closed, recirculating water loop rather than traditional water‑intensive cooling methods." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-05-30", "event": "Person County's economic development liaison starts an email thread under the subject line 'Project Energy', according to The Assembly", "source": "s3", "quote": "On May 30, 2024, Lynch, who served as the county's liaison with Microsoft, started an email thread under the subject line 'Project Energy,'" }, { "date": "2024-09-24", "event": "At a commissioners meeting, the county's economic development director confirms the county signed nondisclosure agreements with the prospective buyer", "source": "s3", "quote": "Brandy Lynch, the county's economic development director, confirmed during the September 24, 2024, commissioner meeting that the county had signed nondisclosure agreements with the prospective buyer" }, { "date": "2024-10", "event": "Person County announces Microsoft has purchased 1,350 acres in Woodsdale Township", "note": "DatacenterDynamics dates the acquisition to November 2024", "source": "s3", "quote": "In October 2024, Person County announced that Microsoft had purchased 1,350 acres in Woodsdale Township." }, { "date": "2026-02", "event": "Person County announces that Microsoft plans to start the data center permitting process later in the year", "source": "s1", "quote": "Person County, however, this week announced that Microsoft plans to begin the permitting process for data center development later this year." }, { "date": "2026-02-24", "event": "Microsoft and local officials confirm the Mega Park site will be the future home of a data center", "source": "s3", "quote": "It wasn't until February 24, 2026, after repeated questions for this article about plans for the site known as the Mega Park, that Microsoft and local officials confirmed it would be the future home of a data center." }, { "date": "2026-04", "event": "Microsoft says the project is in the planning phase with early site preparation underway, including road work tied to permanently closing Country Club Road, expected to last until late summer 2026", "source": "s2", "quote": "We are in the planning phase of the datacenter project, with early site preparation underway. You may notice soil sampling activities, surveying, and with road work related to the permanent closure of Country Club Road expected until late summer 2026." }, { "date": "2026-06-30", "event": "Microsoft hosts a meeting with neighbors about the planned Microsoft Mega Park", "source": "s4", "quote": "The company hosted a meeting with neighbors in the county on Tuesday. Neighbors were asked to share their concerns and questions about the planned Microsoft Mega Park in the Woodsdale Township on the Virginia border." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Nondisclosure agreements kept the buyer's identity from the public until the land sale was announced (s3)", "The Assembly reports about 400 of the approximately 1,350 acres were designated wetlands, leaving 948 usable acres (s3)", "Reported land price varies: $27 million (The Assembly), a reported $26.85 million (DatacenterDynamics) and $28.85 million (WRAL) (s1, s3, s4)", "The Assembly reports Duke Energy was already in the permitting process for a new gas plant in the county when the project became public; it says the Person County Energy Complex will feed Duke's broader Carolinas grid (s3)", "The county says Microsoft has promised to pay its own way so its development does not increase electricity prices and to minimize water use (s1)", "Residents at the June 2026 meeting raised concerns about energy and water use and noise; a Roxboro city councilor said her main concern was how much water the facility would draw from the city of Roxboro (s4)", "The Assembly reports that the rezoning passed the commissioners on August 5, but the passage does not state the year (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Microsoft to start permitting for 1,385-acre data center campus in North Carolina", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-to-start-permitting-for-1385-acre-data-center-campus-in-north-carolina/", "date": "2026-02-25", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Person County datacenter project - Microsoft Local", "publisher": "Microsoft", "url": "https://local.microsoft.com/blog/person-county-datacenter-project/", "date": "2026-05-01", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Data Center That Didn't Exist", "publisher": "The Assembly", "url": "https://www.theassemblync.com/news/business/person-county-microsoft-data-center-nondisclosure-agreements/", "date": "2026-05-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Microsoft hosts meeting on future Person County data center amid AI tensions", "publisher": "WRAL", "url": "https://www.wral.com/news/local/person-county-microsoft-data-center-discussion-june-2026/", "date": "2026-06-30", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-24" }, { "slug": "mount-orab-mega-site-brown-county-oh", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/mount-orab-mega-site-brown-county-oh", "name": "Mt. Orab Mega Site data center", "aka": [ "DB STU LLC Mt. Orab data center" ], "city": "Mount Orab", "county": "Brown County", "state": "OH", "lat": 39.0276, "lng": -83.9199, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "rumored", "statusNote": "Village Planning Commission is drafting a High Tech Overlay district; another public hearing is to be called before a vote", "developer": "DB STU LLC", "endUsers": [], "summary": "DB STU LLC purchased properties in the 1,000-plus-acre industrial mega site on the southeast side of Mt. Orab with the intent of developing a data center, according to a village planning commissioner. Council members were asked to sign non-disclosure agreements about the project, and a 180-day moratorium on data center permits was proposed in February 2026. In September 2026 the Planning Commission debated a High Tech Overlay district to regulate data centers but took no vote.", "facts": [ { "field": "local_vote", "value": "No final vote; Planning Commission to hold another public hearing before sending an overlay draft to Village Council", "source": "s4", "quote": "Another public hearing would be called before the commission voted to pass a finalized draft to Village Council for consideration." }, { "field": "acres", "value": "more than 1,000", "unit": "acres", "note": "size of the village mega site", "source": "s2", "quote": "One Mt. Orab Village Council member has taken steps in an attempt to stop a data center from being developed on the more than 1,000-acre mega-site located in Mt. Orab." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Mega site south of Tri-County Highway in the southeast corner of Mt. Orab", "source": "s1", "quote": "The thousand-acre village 'mega-site' is in the southeast corner of Mt. Orab south of Tri-County Highway." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "High Tech Overlay district under consideration by the Planning Commission", "source": "s3", "quote": "The Mt. Orab Planning Commission was debating a high-tech overlay district, a zoning tool that allows for and regulates data centers." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-02-03", "event": "Council member Eric Lang proposes ordinances for a 180-day pause on new data center permits", "source": "s2", "quote": "During the Village of Mt. Orab's Feb. 3 regular council meeting, council member Eric Lang proposed ordinances that would put a 180-day pause on the issuing of new permits for data center development in the village." }, { "date": "2026-09", "event": "Planning commissioner confirms DB STU LLC purchased the mega site properties with the intent of developing a data center", "source": "s4", "quote": "During the meeting, Commissioner Shane Ogden confirmed a company named DB STU LLC purchased the properties in that mega site with the intent of developing a data center before village council members scrapped the town's modern zoning codes and implemented a moratorium on data center construction." }, { "date": "2026-09", "event": "Planning Commission hears resident opposition to a High Tech Overlay district; no vote taken", "source": "s3", "quote": "Mt. Orab residents who are concerned about data centers in their community went before the village's planning commission Wednesday night to voice their opposition to a revised zoning plan." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Village council members were asked to sign non-disclosure agreements about the potential project (s1)", "Residents said the overlay revisions lacked size and resource consumption restrictions (s3)", "The draft overlay increases residential setbacks, lowers noise levels and limits generator load testing hours (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Brown County village considers pause on new data center permits following backlash", "publisher": "WKRC Local 12", "url": "https://local12.com/news/local/brown-county-village-considers-6-month-pause-new-data-center-permits-mount-orab-datacenter-permit-non-disclosure-agreement-nda-potential-project-ordinance-mega-site-highway-nature-outdoors-pollution-cincinnati", "date": "2026-02-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Mt. Orab council member takes steps to stop possible data center construction", "publisher": "Brown County Press", "url": "https://www.browncountypress.com/news/19046/mt-orab-council-member-takes-steps-to-stop-possible-data-center-construction", "date": "2026-02-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Mt. Orab residents pack meeting to oppose data center zoning plan", "publisher": "FOX19", "url": "https://www.fox19.com/2026/09/17/mt-orab-residents-pack-meeting-oppose-data-center-zoning-plan/", "date": "2026-09-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Mt. Orab data center debate reignites as commissioners consider new guidelines for construction", "publisher": "WCPO", "url": "https://www.wcpo.com/news/local-news/mt-orab-data-center-debate-reignites-as-commissioners-consider-new-guidelines-for-construction", "date": "2026-09-17", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "muncy-data-center-muncy-township-pa", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/muncy-data-center-muncy-township-pa", "name": "Muncy Data Center", "aka": [], "city": "Muncy Township", "county": "Lycoming County", "state": "PA", "lat": 41.2048, "lng": -76.7852, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Developer published notice of deemed conditional use approval; township contests it and adjoining residents have appealed", "developer": "Danko Holdings II LP and Fishlips LLC (The Liberty Group)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Danko Holdings II LP and Fishlips LLC, both owned by The Liberty Group, propose the Muncy Data Center, three data center buildings totaling approximately 699,574 square feet of floor area on a parcel along John Brady Drive in Muncy Township, Lycoming County. Township supervisors adopted a temporary moratorium on data center applications on April 28, 2026. The developer published a notice of deemed approval of its conditional use application, which the township contests, and adjoining residents have filed a land use appeal in the Lycoming County Court of Common Pleas.", "facts": [ { "field": "buildings", "value": 3, "source": "s1", "quote": "Featured in the plan are three data center buildings, six water tanks, two stormwater basins, water and sewage treatment facilities, a substation, and a security building." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 699574, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "approximately, including auxiliary buildings", "source": "s3", "quote": "The total square footage of the floor area is listed at approximately 699,574 square feet including auxiliary buildings." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 100, "source": "s4", "quote": "submitted an application for approval to build three data center buildings and associated infrastructure on 100 acres of cornfields just downriver from Muncy Farms." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Industrial zone along Yetter Road", "source": "s5", "quote": "The area where the DANKO data center is proposed is in an industrial zone in the township along Yetter Road." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Parcel along John Brady Drive near Yetter Road, about two miles east of the closed Lycoming Mall", "source": "s3", "quote": "near the West Branch of the Susquehanna River on a parcel along John Brady Drive, near Yetter Road and about two miles east of the closed Lycoming Mall." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-04-15", "event": "Zoning permit application for the data center is dated April 15", "source": "s2", "quote": "A data center complex has been proposed in Muncy Township and is on a zoning permit application dated April 15 -- despite assurances by Muncy Township Supervisor Terri Lauchle later in April that no data center plan had been submitted." }, { "date": "2026-04-28", "event": "Muncy Township acknowledges receipt of a conditional use plan for the Muncy Data Center", "source": "s1", "quote": "On April 28 at 2:40 p.m., a conditional use plan for a 'Muncy Data Center' cozied between John Brady Drive and the Susquehanna River was formally acknowledged by Secretary Kathryn Harper." }, { "date": "2026-07-08", "event": "Muncy Township's zoning ordinance is declared invalid, starting a curative amendment process that must be completed by Jan. 4, 2027, according to the Williamsport Sun-Gazette", "source": "s7", "quote": "The zoning ordinance was declared invalid on July 8." }, { "date": "2026-07-15", "event": "The developer publishes a notice claiming deemed approval of its conditional use application in the Williamsport Sun-Gazette, according to the township solicitor", "source": "s8", "quote": "So then, what they did is, of course, as everybody knows, they filed for deemed approval, published it in the Sun Gazette on July 15th, published the property, I believe, on July 22nd." }, { "date": "2026-09", "event": "Two neighboring residents file a land use appeal in Lycoming County Court of Common Pleas against the deemed approval of the conditional use application", "source": "s6", "quote": "The plaintiffs are challenging the deemed approval of a conditional use application for a data center facility and related landowner curative zoning amendment." } ], "hearings": [ { "date": "2026-12-09", "body": "Muncy Township Board of Supervisors", "description": "Tentatively scheduled adoption of the township's zoning amendment on data centers", "source": "s8", "quote": "\"The adoption is tentatively scheduled for December 9,\" Orso said." } ], "cases": [ { "name": "Tetreault appeal (Lycoming County Court of Common Pleas)", "court": "Lycoming County Court of Common Pleas", "status": "pending", "summary": "Rae-Ellah B. and Sean S. Tetreault sued DANKO Holdings II, LP/FISHLIPS, LLC and the Muncy Township supervisors in the Lycoming County Court of Common Pleas.", "source": "s6", "quote": "Rae-Ellah B. and Sean S. Tetreault filed in Lycoming County Court of Common Pleas against Muncy Township supervisors and DANKO Holdings II, LP/FISHLIPS, LLC." }, { "name": "Developers' motion for deemed approval", "status": "pending", "summary": "According to Orso, the developers filed a motion claiming the township failed to act within 60 days and the project should be deemed approved; the township contests the claim.", "source": "s4", "quote": "The developers now claim the township failed to act on the applications as required within 60 days and has filed a motion in county court that the project should be deemed automatically approved, Orso said, adding that the township contests the claim." } ], "issues": [ "The township contends the conditional use application was never properly submitted; the developers claim the township missed its 60-day deadline and the project should be deemed approved (s4)", "Adjoining residents say the project would bring industrial noise, grid loads and cooling-water consumption (s6)", "A nearby resident raised concerns about noise, diesel fumes and loss of tranquility (s4)", "Township supervisors Lauchle and Artley voted to impose a temporary moratorium of up to nine months on data center applications (s1)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Williamsport company proposes data center in Muncy Township", "publisher": "NorthcentralPA.com", "url": "https://www.northcentralpa.com/business/williamsport-company-proposes-data-center-in-muncy-township/article_003d97a3-bddd-4d12-ba00-8efb4ba98fa4.html", "date": "2026-06-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Group seeks to put data center in Muncy Township", "publisher": "Williamsport Sun-Gazette", "url": "https://www.sungazette.com/news/top-news/2026/06/group-seeks-to-put-data-center-in-muncy-township/", "date": "2026-06-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Site plan offers details on Muncy data center proposal", "publisher": "Williamsport Sun-Gazette", "url": "https://www.sungazette.com/news/top-news/2026/06/site-plan-offers-details-on-data-center-proposal/", "date": "2026-06-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Data center developers want to build in three Pa. communities. Each has its own experience.", "publisher": "Pennsylvania Capital-Star", "url": "https://penncapital-star.com/agriculture-pa-farms/data-center-developers-want-to-build-in-three-pa-communities-each-has-its-own-experience/", "date": "2026-08-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Muncy Township Planning Commission formulating data center ordinance", "publisher": "Williamsport Sun-Gazette", "url": "https://www.sungazette.com/news/top-news/2026/08/muncy-township-planning-commission-formulating-data-center-ordinance/", "date": "2026-08-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Residents appeal conditional use approval for data center in Muncy Township", "publisher": "Williamsport Sun-Gazette", "url": "https://www.sungazette.com/news/top-news/2026/09/residents-appeal-conditional-use-approval-for-data-center-in-muncy-township/", "date": "2026-09-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Muncy Township solicitor: Data center filings are 'inconsistent'", "publisher": "Williamsport Sun-Gazette", "url": "https://www.sungazette.com/news/top-news/2026/07/muncy-township-solicitor-data-center-filings-are-inconsistent/", "date": "2026-07-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Muncy Township solicitor believes data center developer skipped step in process", "publisher": "Williamsport Sun-Gazette", "url": "https://www.sungazette.com/news/top-news/2026/08/muncy-township-solicitor-believes-data-center-developer-skipped-step-in-process/", "date": "2026-08-07", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "verrus-oakline-mill-creek-salem-or", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/verrus-oakline-mill-creek-salem-or", "name": "Oakline at Mill Creek", "aka": [], "city": "Salem", "county": null, "state": "OR", "lat": 44.9239, "lng": -123.023007, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Application pending city review; Salem Reporter says the 120-day moratorium adopted Sept. 21, 2026 (expiring Jan. 19 unless extended) bars Verrus from moving into construction while in effect", "developer": "Verrus", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Verrus has a pending application with the City of Salem for Oakline at Mill Creek, a data center campus in southeast Salem's Mill Creek Corporate Center that KATU describes as a 75-acre project under city review and Salem Reporter describes as a $5.1 billion AI data center campus. In July 2026 Gov. Tina Kotek ordered the Oregon Department of Administrative Services to cancel the state's contract with Verrus at the Mill Creek Corporate Center, where the agency had agreed in May 2025 to sell a 32.23-acre section. On Sept. 21, 2026, Salem city councilors voted to accept a 120-day moratorium on new data center projects, which Salem Reporter says prohibits Verrus from moving into the construction phase while it is in effect.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 5100000000, "source": "s1", "quote": "Construction on the first phase of a $5.1 billion AI data center campus in Salem's Mill Creek Corporate Center is now prohibited" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 75, "note": "KATU photo caption; the state had agreed to sell Verrus 32.23 acres of land in the Mill Creek Corporate Center (s4)", "source": "s2", "quote": "The 75-acre project remains under city review and has not been approved" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 75, "note": "company claim", "source": "s4", "quote": "Verrus told KATU the data center would use less water and electricity while bringing 75 permanent jobs and millions in tax revenue to Salem." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-05", "event": "The Oregon Department of Administrative Services signs a contract to sell 32.23 acres of land in the Mill Creek Corporate Center, with closing set for October 2026", "source": "s4", "quote": "the agency contractually agreed to sell a 32.23-acre section of land within the Mill Creek Corporate Center in May 2025, with a closing date set for October 2026" }, { "date": "2026-07-30", "event": "Gov. Tina Kotek orders the Oregon Department of Administrative Services to cancel the state's contract with Verrus at the Mill Creek Corporate Center", "source": "s4", "quote": "Kotek ordered the Oregon Department of Administrative Services (DAS) to cancel the state's contract with California-based technology company Verrus at the Mill Creek Corporate Center in southeast Salem." }, { "date": "2026-08-03", "event": "Salem City Council unanimously votes to advance a data center development moratorium, with a Verrus application pending", "source": "s3", "quote": "Salem city councilors voted unanimously on Monday night during a contentious and long meeting to move forward on a moratorium on data center development in Oregon's capital." }, { "date": "2026-09-21", "event": "Salem City Council adopts a 120-day moratorium on new data center projects, with the option to extend it by six months", "source": "s1", "quote": "Salem city councilors on Monday, Sept. 21, voted to accept a moratorium on all new data center projects for 120 days but have the option to extend it by an extra six months before the end of the year." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The moratorium expires Jan. 19 unless councilors extend it for roughly six more months; the council will consider an extension in January, and Salem Reporter says it could last as long as 300 days (s1, s2)", "The city's Data Center Task Force is gathering public input and is to present recommendations to City Council in December (s2)", "Residents raised concerns about land use and drinking water, including the Santiam River supply; a smaller number supported data center development for its tax revenue (s3)", "City Attorney Dan Atchison said the city's water supply could be imperiled by pending Detroit Reservoir drawdowns and that he would question any data center operator's intended water use (s3)", "Verrus said the data center would use less water and electricity and bring 75 permanent jobs; the proposal drew support from local construction unions and concern from residents (s4)", "Verrus said the governor's decision to cancel the state land sale was made unilaterally and without consultation (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "City attorney: Salem data center moratorium means Verrus can't build until it expires", "publisher": "Salem Reporter", "url": "https://www.salemreporter.com/2026/09/22/city-attorney-salem-data-center-moratorium-means-verrus-cant-build-until-it-expires/", "date": "2026-09-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Salem joins list of cities halting data center development with moratorium", "publisher": "KATU", "url": "https://katu.com/news/local/salem-moratorium-on-new-data-centers-city-council", "date": "2026-09-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Salem City Council votes to pause data center development", "publisher": "KATU", "url": "https://katu.com/news/local/tonight-salem-city-leaders-consider-ai-data-center-moratorium", "date": "2026-08-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Gov. Tina Kotek orders Oregon to withdraw land sale for Salem-area data center", "publisher": "KATU", "url": "https://katu.com/news/local/gov-tina-kotek-orders-oregon-to-withdraw-land-sale-for-salem-area-data-center-local-environment-community-business-water-energy-", "date": "2026-07-30", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-24" }, { "slug": "old-bermuda-data-center-chesterfield-county-va", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/old-bermuda-data-center-chesterfield-county-va", "name": "Old Bermuda Data Center", "aka": [], "city": null, "county": "Chesterfield County", "state": "VA", "lat": 37.3771, "lng": -77.5047, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "denied", "statusNote": "Board of Zoning Appeals upheld denial of by-right development in June 2026; conditional use approval from the Board of Supervisors now required", "developer": "Washington Single Family Fund", "endUsers": [], "summary": "The Old Bermuda Data Center is a proposed three-building data center campus on a nearly 90-acre light industrial property off Old Bermuda Hundred Road near I-95 in Chesterfield County's Bermuda District. The county's planning director determined the project could not proceed by right after a January 1, 2026 zoning change, and the Board of Zoning Appeals upheld that decision on June 3, 2026. The project would now need conditional use approval from the Board of Supervisors.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": "nearly 90", "source": "s1", "quote": "The central question before the board was whether the landowner has a vested right to build a data center on the nearly 90-acre property without getting additional approval from the county." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 3, "source": "s3", "quote": "Not approved; conditional use approval required for three buildings" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "1931 Old Bermuda Hundred Road", "source": "s3", "quote": "1931 Old Bermuda Hundred Road" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Light industrial; data centers now require conditional use approval", "source": "s1", "quote": "Last year, the Board of Supervisors changed the zoning ordinance, requiring future data center projects to get conditional use approval. Before that change, data centers were allowed by right on the light industrial property." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Chesterfield Board of Zoning Appeals upheld the planning director's denial on June 3, 2026", "source": "s2", "quote": "Chesterfield's Board of Zoning Appeals upheld a planning director's decision Wednesday to deny a proposed data center in the Bermuda District." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-01-01", "event": "Chesterfield's new data center zoning rules take effect, requiring projects like this one to go before the Board of Supervisors first; the project's site plan had not been approved", "source": "s2", "quote": "it was not approved by the county before January 1st, 2026, when the zoning rules changed" }, { "date": "2026-06-03", "event": "Board of Zoning Appeals upholds the planning director's denial", "source": "s2", "quote": "Chesterfield's Board of Zoning Appeals upheld a planning director's decision Wednesday to deny a proposed data center in the Bermuda District." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "County staff said they collected 97 emails in opposition to the project (s1)", "Residents spoke against the project at the appeal hearing, raising water use, noise and environmental impacts (s1)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Chesterfield Zoning Appeals Board denies appeal over proposed data center campus near I-95", "publisher": "WTVR CBS 6", "url": "https://www.wtvr.com/news/local-news/chesterfield-county/proposed-data-center-appeal-denied-june-3-2026", "date": "2026-06-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Chesterfield board upholds denial of Bermuda District data center", "publisher": "WWBT 12 On Your Side", "url": "https://www.12onyourside.com/2026/06/03/chesterfield-board-upholds-denial-bermuda-district-data-center/", "date": "2026-06-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Data Centers", "publisher": "Chesterfield County", "url": "https://www.chesterfield.gov/datacenters", "type": "government" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "old-elberton-road-athens-clarke-ga", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/old-elberton-road-athens-clarke-ga", "name": "Old Elberton Road data center proposal", "aka": [ "FAE Clark LLC rezoning" ], "city": "Athens", "county": "Athens-Clarke County", "state": "GA", "lat": 33.95, "lng": -83.37, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "denied", "statusNote": "Rezoning unanimously denied October 7, 2025", "developer": "FAE Clark LLC (property owner/applicant)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "A request to rezone about 200 to 233 acres of greenbelt farmland on Old Elberton Road in north Athens-Clarke County for about 2 million sq ft of industrial buildings, which press widely described as a potential hyperscale data center. The Mayor and Commission unanimously denied the rezoning on October 7, 2025. Athens-Clarke planning officials said the requested zoning does not permit data centers, even though some filed documents suggested one.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 233, "unit": "acres", "note": "Now Georgia reported ~200 acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 2000000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "across four buildings", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 4, "source": "s1" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Requested rezoning of 0 Old Elberton Road from Agricultural Residential (AR) to Employment Industrial (E-I); denied", "note": "request also sought to change the future land use classification from rural to employment center", "source": "s5", "quote": "0 Old Elberton Road from an agricultural residential (AR) to an employment industrial (E-I) property" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09", "event": "Athens-Clarke Planning Commission unanimously recommends denial of the Employment-Industrial rezoning", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-10-07", "event": "Athens-Clarke Mayor and Commission unanimously deny the rezoning", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-10-21", "event": "Commissioner Melissa Link calls for a data center moratorium after the denial", "source": "s2" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Neighbors cited loss of the greenbelt's agricultural character, harm to natural resources, and safety of nearby Coile Middle School students (s3)", "Commissioners said the request lacked definitive plans; the end user was never disclosed (s1, s2)", "Planning officials said the development 'would not become a data center if approved' under the requested zoning (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Permission denied to data center in Athens-Clarke County, Georgia, talks of a potential moratorium", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/permission-denied-to-data-center-in-athens-clarke-county-georgia-talks-of-a-potential-moratorium/", "date": "2025-10-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Commissioner Link calls for moratorium on data centers after potential hyperscale project denied", "publisher": "WUGA", "url": "https://www.wuga.org/local-news/2025-10-21/commissioner-link-calls-for-moratorium-on-data-centers-after-potential-hyperscale-project-denied", "date": "2025-10-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "ACC Planning Commission recommends denial for greenbelt rezone", "publisher": "Now Georgia", "url": "https://nowgeorgia.com/acc-planning-commission-recommends-denial-for-greenbelt-rezone/", "date": "2025-09-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Athens commission calls for moratorium on data centers after potential hyperscale project denied", "publisher": "Now Georgia", "url": "https://nowgeorgia.com/athens-commission-calls-for-moratorium-on-data-centers-after-potential-hyperscale-project-denied/", "date": "2025-10-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "ACC Mayor and Commission discuss rezoning, SPLOST at regular session", "publisher": "The Red & Black", "url": "https://www.redandblack.com/athensnews/acc-mayor-and-commission-discuss-rezoning-splost-at-regular-session/article_642a4027-0a28-403a-bf69-db4727c65846.html", "type": "news", "date": "2025-10-08" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "pax-1-middlesex-township-pa", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/pax-1-middlesex-township-pa", "name": "Pennsylvania Digital 1 (PAX-1)", "aka": [ "PAX-1", "Pennsylvania Digital 1" ], "city": "Middlesex Township", "county": "Cumberland County", "state": "PA", "lat": 40.235, "lng": -77.135, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Site-preparation permits granted; Phase 1-B final land development for the first six buildings approved September 2026", "developer": "Pennsylvania Data Center Partners", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Pennsylvania Data Center Partners is developing PAX-1, a 16-data center campus on about 700 acres in Middlesex Township, Cumberland County; PPL Electric Utilities has said it can meet the project's 1.35 gigawatt peak energy demand with planned upgrades. Township supervisors approved the Phase 1-B final land development for the first six buildings in September 2026. The project involves more than 500 diesel generators. In September 2026 a Cumberland County judge denied residents' request to halt work while their appeal is heard; oral argument is scheduled for Jan. 12, 2027.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 700, "unit": "acres", "source": "s4", "quote": "The 700-acre development now faces challenges in court." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 693, "unit": "acres", "note": "693-acre tract per subdivision plan reporting", "source": "s1", "quote": "Those lines would split the 693-acre tract into three, six-building data center campuses, and a lot hosting an electrical substation and transformers needed to power them up." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 16, "note": "December 2025 reporting described three six-building campuses", "source": "s4", "quote": "One group opposing the project alleges the developer helped draft the zoning ordinance that would allow the 16-data center campus in Cumberland County." }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "PPL Electric Utilities grid; 1.35 gigawatt peak energy demand with planned upgrades", "source": "s1", "quote": "Besides the water demands, PPL Electric Utilities has separately confirmed to the partners that, with some planned upgrades, it can meet the 1.35 gigawatt of peak energy demand." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "PPL Electric Utilities", "source": "s1", "quote": "Besides the water demands, PPL Electric Utilities has separately confirmed to the partners that, with some planned upgrades, it can meet the 1.35 gigawatt of peak energy demand." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "more than 500 diesel generators", "source": "s4", "quote": "The project involves more than 500 diesel generators." }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 400000, "note": "up to 400,000 gallons per day capacity approved by municipal authority (developer-stated)", "source": "s5", "quote": "up to 400,000 gallons per day" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 500, "note": "approximately (developer-stated)", "source": "s5", "quote": "approximately 500 full-time permanent positions" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Community Benefits Agreement requiring $14 million in developer payments; side letter with noise monitoring, water quality and emissions testing", "source": "s3", "quote": "noise monitoring, water quality testing and emissions testing" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025", "event": "Carlisle Development Partners acquires the site for $44 million", "source": "s1", "quote": "Carlisle Development Partners acquired the site for $44 million earlier this year." }, { "date": "2025-12", "event": "Township planning commission recommends approving plans that would create internal lot lines for the project", "source": "s1", "quote": "Middlesex Township planning commission members voted to recommend the approval of plans creating internal lot lines for the project, now known as Pennsylvania Digital 1." }, { "date": "2026-08-05", "event": "Supervisors' vote postponed after overflow turnout created a fire hazard", "source": "s2", "quote": "A vote on a proposed data center in Middlesex Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, was postponed Wednesday (August 5) after an overwhelming turnout created a fire hazard." }, { "date": "2026-09", "event": "Township supervisors approve Phase 1-B final land development, allowing the first six buildings", "source": "s4", "quote": "The Phase 1-B Final Land Development, approved Wednesday, allows the company to move to build the first six buildings." }, { "date": "2026-09", "event": "Cumberland County Judge Matthew P. Smith denies residents' request to halt work on PAX-1 while their appeal is considered", "source": "s6", "quote": "Residents filed a request to halt work on the project while the court considered their appeal, but Judge Matthew P. Smith denied that request in a filing Tuesday." } ], "hearings": [ { "date": "2027-01-12", "body": "Cumberland County Court of Common Pleas", "description": "Oral argument on residents' appeal against the PAX-1 approvals", "source": "s6", "quote": "An oral argument is scheduled for Jan. 12, 2027, in the Cumberland County Courthouse, Smith said." } ], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Opposition group Stop PAX-1 has filed two legal challenges in county court and appealed to the Environmental Hearing Board (s4)", "Opponents allege illegal spot zoning and that the developer helped draft the zoning ordinance (s4)", "Residents cite blasting disruption, pollution and health concerns, and more than 500 diesel generators (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Cumberland County, Pa., Data Centers Take New Step Forward", "publisher": "GovTech (PennLive)", "url": "https://www.govtech.com/artificial-intelligence/cumberland-county-pa-data-centers-take-new-step-forward", "date": "2025-12-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Data Center Vote Canceled Due To Capacity Issues", "publisher": "WHP 580", "url": "https://whp580.iheart.com/content/2026-08-06-data-center-vote-canceled-due-to-capacity-issues/", "date": "2026-08-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Middlesex Township approves first phase of 16-building data center project", "publisher": "Local 21 News (WHP)", "url": "https://local21news.com/news/local/middlesex-township-approves-first-phase-of-16-building-data-center-project-pax-1-cumberland-county-tech-ai", "date": "2026-09-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Middlesex Township approves first phase of controversial PAX-1 data center project", "publisher": "WITF", "url": "https://www.witf.org/2026/09/03/middlesex-township-approves-first-phase-of-controversial-pax-1-data-center-project/", "date": "2026-09-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Pennsylvania Digital 1 (PAX-1) Data Center", "publisher": "Pennsylvania Data Center Partners", "url": "https://pax1campus.com/", "date": "2026", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Work to continue on Cumberland County data center after judge rules in favor of developers", "publisher": "CBS 21 News (WHP)", "url": "https://local21news.com/news/local/work-to-continue-on-cumberland-county-data-center-after-judge-rules-in-favor-of-developers-pax-1-cumberland-county-pa-pennsylvania-middlesex-township-artifical-intelligence-ai-appeal", "date": "2026-09-23", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "pnk-wisconsin-rapids-wood-county-wi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/pnk-wisconsin-rapids-wood-county-wi", "name": "PNK Group Wisconsin Rapids Data Center", "aka": [ "Wisconsin Rapids paper mill data center" ], "city": "Wisconsin Rapids", "county": "Wood County", "state": "WI", "lat": 44.3836, "lng": -89.8171, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "denied", "statusNote": "Common Council rejected the conditional use permit on 2026-10-20; city moratorium also in effect", "developer": "PNK Group", "endUsers": [], "summary": "PNK Group proposed a hyperscale data center on the former paper mill property in Wisconsin Rapids, which closed in 2020. After months of organized local opposition, the city's planning committee recommended denial over information the developer had not supplied, and the Common Council rejected the conditional use permit on October 20, 2026. The sources reviewed do not give the site's acreage, power demand or investment.", "facts": [ { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Wisconsin Rapids Common Council rejected PNK Group's conditional use permit for the data center on October 20, 2026", "note": "vote count not stated in the source reviewed", "source": "s1" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-08-01", "event": "City holds a public informational meeting at the library while PNK Group is still preparing a formal development plan; opponents protest outside", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-08-10", "event": "Plan Commission holds a major public hearing on the PNK proposal and votes 6-0 to begin drafting a 12-month data center moratorium that would not apply to this project", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-10-20", "event": "Common Council rejects the conditional use permit after the planning committee recommended denial for missing information", "source": "s1" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "A local group formed in the spring to oppose the project; the planning committee cited missing information from the developer (s1)", "The mayor said the denial gives the city time to revise its data center ordinances (s1)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Wisconsin Rapids denies data center permit after months-long battle", "publisher": "WLUK Fox 11 (WSAW report)", "url": "https://fox11online.com/news/local/wisconsin-rapids-denies-data-center-permit-after-months-long-battle", "date": "2026-10-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Wisconsin Rapids data center proposal sparks community tension", "publisher": "WSAW", "url": "https://www.wsaw.com/2026/07/31/wisconsin-rapids-data-center-proposal-sparks-community-tension/", "date": "2026-07-31", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Wisconsin Rapids Planning Commission approves drafting moratorium on data centers, PNK proposal not impacted", "publisher": "WAOW", "url": "https://www.waow.com/news/wisconsin-rapids-planning-commission-approves-drafting-moratorium-on-data-centers-pnk-proposal-not-impacted/article_898f2590-8e1c-4e8b-a557-f983735234dc.html", "date": "2026-08-10", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-10-24" }, { "slug": "digital-gateway-prince-william-county-va", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/digital-gateway-prince-william-county-va", "name": "Prince William Digital Gateway", "aka": [ "PW Digital Gateway" ], "city": "Gainesville", "county": "Prince William County", "state": "VA", "lat": 38.8, "lng": -77.6, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "cancelled", "statusNote": "Rezonings voided in court; QTS withdrew its Supreme Court appeal and ended the project July 2, 2026", "developer": "Compass Datacenters and QTS Data Centers (via H&H Capital Acquisitions and GW Acquisition Co.)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "The Digital Gateway was a proposed campus of about 23 million square feet on roughly 2,100 acres near Manassas National Battlefield Park, pitched in 2021 as the world's largest data center campus. Supervisors approved the rezonings in December 2023, but courts voided them in 2025 and 2026 for faulty public notice. Compass and the county dropped out in April 2026, and QTS withdrew its Virginia Supreme Court appeal on July 2, 2026, ending the project.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 2100, "unit": "acres", "note": "about 1,790 acres rezoned", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 23000000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "planned at full build-out", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 37, "unit": "data centers", "note": "as pitched in 2021", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Board of County Supervisors approved the Compass, Digital Gateway North and Digital Gateway South rezonings 4-3 following the December 12–13, 2023 public hearing", "source": "s8", "quote": "The ruling invalidates the Compass, Digital Gateway North (DG North), and Digital Gateway South (DG South) rezonings approved by a 4-3 vote after a 27-hour marathon hearing." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Three rezonings: Compass 884 acres, DG North 534 acres, DG South 342 acres (about 1,760 acres of former agricultural land)", "note": "differs from the record's 'about 1,790 acres rezoned' (Virginia Business)", "source": "s8", "quote": "Compass alone spans 884 acres and 11.5 million square feet of gross floor area with height caps of 85 feet in most bays; DG North covers 534 acres and 7 million square feet (83-foot caps); DG South covers 342 acres and 3.7 million square feet (60-foot caps)." }, { "field": "nearest_residence", "value": "A plaintiff's home was 130 feet from the Compass site", "note": "as described in the Court of Appeals opinion, per Potomac Local", "source": "s8", "quote": "One plaintiff, living 130 feet from the Compass site, described the current \"peace and tranquility\" of the property" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-07", "event": "Rezoning process begins", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2022-11-01", "event": "Board of County Supervisors adopts the comprehensive plan amendment for the Digital Gateway area", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2023-12", "event": "Board of County Supervisors approves rezonings after marathon public hearing", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2025-08", "event": "Circuit Court Judge Kimberly Irving voids rezonings over improper public notice", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-03-31", "event": "Virginia Court of Appeals affirms voiding of rezonings", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-04", "event": "Compass Datacenters drops its appeal", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-04-14", "event": "Board of County Supervisors unanimously votes not to appeal", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-04-30", "event": "QTS files appeal petitions with the Supreme Court of Virginia", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-07-02", "event": "QTS withdraws petitions and ends the project", "source": "s6" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Proximity to Manassas National Battlefield Park (s1)", "Courts found the county failed to meet required public-notice rules for the December 2023 hearing (s1)", "County spent $1.72 million on legal fees, per Technical.ly (s5)", "Oak Valley HOA residents cited noise and property-value concerns (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Virginia Appeals Court upholds block on Prince William Digital Gateway project", "publisher": "Virginia Business", "url": "https://virginiabusiness.com/virginia-appeals-court-upholds-block-on-prince-william-digital-gateway-project/", "date": "2026-04-01", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Developers drop appeal of zoning decision on Digital Gateway project", "publisher": "WTOP News", "url": "https://wtop.com/prince-william-county/2026/04/developers-drop-appeal-of-zoning-decision-on-digital-gateway-project/", "date": "2026-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Prince William Supervisors Unanimously Drop Digital Gateway Appeal, Opening Door for Rezoning", "publisher": "Potomac Local", "url": "https://www.potomaclocal.com/2026/04/15/prince-william-supervisors-unanimously-drop-digital-gateway-appeal-opening-door-for-rezoning/", "date": "2026-04-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "'Surprised by the arrogance:' Digital Gateway developer QTS files appeal to save Prince William data center project", "publisher": "InsideNoVa", "url": "https://www.insidenova.com/news/prince_william/surprised-by-the-arrogance-digital-gateway-developer-qts-files-appeal-to-save-prince-william-data/article_79380aa2-a67e-448c-b7a0-bac6610e9067.html", "date": "2026-05-01", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Data center fight offers crucial lessons as it heads to Virginia Supreme Court", "publisher": "Technical.ly", "url": "https://technical.ly/civics/digital-gateway-data-center-battle-virginia-supreme-court/", "date": "2026-06-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "QTS Withdraws Supreme Court Appeal, Ending Proposed Digital Gateway Data Center Project", "publisher": "Potomac Local", "url": "https://www.potomaclocal.com/2026/07/03/qts-withdraws-supreme-court-appeal-ending-proposed-digital-gateway-data-center-project/", "date": "2026-07-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Prince William Digital Gateway data center project officially dies", "publisher": "Virginia Business", "url": "https://virginiabusiness.com/prince-william-digital-gateway-data-center-project-officially-dies/", "date": "2026-07-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Digital Gateway Projects Halted: Court Rules Oak Valley Rezonings Invalid in Major Resident Victory", "publisher": "Potomac Local", "url": "https://www.potomaclocal.com/2026/03/31/digital-gateway-projects-halted-court-rules-oak-valley-rezonings-invalid-in-major-resident-victory/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-03-31" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "panattoni-project-bluegrass-burgin-ky", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/panattoni-project-bluegrass-burgin-ky", "name": "Project Bluegrass", "aka": [], "city": "Burgin", "county": "Mercer County", "state": "KY", "lat": 37.757493, "lng": -84.760655, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Annexation of the site into Burgin stalled when the council lost its quorum on Sept. 8, 2026; Mercer County's temporary pause on data center construction does not apply in Burgin", "developer": "Panattoni Data Centers", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Panattoni Data Centers proposes Project Bluegrass, a hyperscale data center on parcels north of Burgin in Mercer County; Panattoni says the project would occupy 950 acres, and DatacenterDynamics reports four buildings are planned. Burgin officials gave a first reading to annexing some 500 acres for the project in July 2026, but on Sept. 8, 2026 a council member walked out, the council lost its quorum and no annexation vote was taken.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 950, "note": "Panattoni figure; DatacenterDynamics reports 900 acres, and the city considered annexing some 500 acres for the project", "source": "s2", "quote": "On the site, Panattoni says the project would occupy 950 acres, with less than 50% of the overall site developed." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 4, "note": "per a presentation shared by an interim Burgin council member", "source": "s1", "quote": "Four buildings are planned, according to a presentation shared by Burgin interim city council member Scott McCoy this month." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "source": "s1", "quote": "The site will use a closed-loop cooling system to reduce water use." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Burgin has no planning and zoning regulations; the city could adopt regulations by joining the joint county planning and zoning commission", "source": "s4", "quote": "Burgin does not have planning and zoning regulations and could adopt regulations as a part of the joint commission." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-07", "event": "Burgin officials give a first reading, on a favorable but not unanimous vote, to annexing some 500 acres into the city for the project", "source": "s1", "quote": "City officials are considering the annexation of some 500 acres of land into the city for the project. The first reading received a favourable but not unanimous vote from officials earlier this month." }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "Mercer County Joint Planning and Zoning Commission votes to advance data center zoning regulations restricting where large data centers can locate", "source": "s4", "quote": "The Mercer County Joint Planning and Zoning Commission voted in July to advance data center zoning regulations that restrict where large data centers projects can be located" }, { "date": "2026-08", "event": "Mercer County Fiscal Court passes a temporary pause on data center construction that does not apply in Burgin", "source": "s4", "quote": "In August, the Mercer County Fiscal Court had also passed a temporary pause on data center construction — which doesn't apply to Burgin because the city doesn't have planning and zoning — until the fiscal court can pass those regulations into law." }, { "date": "2026-09-08", "event": "On the mayor's tie-breaking vote, Burgin City Council approves on first reading an ordinance for the city to rejoin the joint Mercer County, Harrodsburg and Burgin Planning and Zoning Commission", "source": "s3", "quote": "The city of Burgin voted yes on the first reading of an ordinance to rejoin the joint Mercer County, Harrodsburg, Burgin Planning and Zoning Commission, following a tie-breaking vote from Mayor Joseph Monroe at Tuesday's city council meeting." }, { "date": "2026-09-08", "event": "A planned council vote on directing the city attorney to draft an ordinance annexing the data center site does not happen after council member Melinda Wofford walks out and the council loses its quorum", "source": "s4", "quote": "The council was set to vote on whether to direct the city attorney to draft an ordinance — to potentially be voted on in the future — that would annex several parcels of land north of the city where developer Panattoni Data Centers wants to build a hyperscale data center" }, { "date": "2026-09-08", "event": "Mercer County Fiscal Court gives a first reading of the commission's data center regulations", "source": "s4", "quote": "On Tuesday, the fiscal court also gave a first reading of the commission's data center regulations." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about noise, water contamination, road deterioration and tax increases (s3)", "The Burgin school superintendent and school board have advocated for the project because of potential tax revenue for the district and city (s4)", "Panattoni says it will cover transmission upgrade costs and that Burgin residents should not be asked to subsidize the infrastructure serving the project (s1, s2)", "A resident said records she obtained showed school board and council members communicating with Panattoni weeks before the project was raised at a council meeting (s2)", "The Kentucky Lantern describes the stalled Sept. 8 item as a vote to direct the city attorney to draft an annexation ordinance, the second time the city considered annexing the site; WKYT describes it as a separate annexation ordinance (s3, s4)", "The mayor said joining the joint planning and zoning commission would not by itself stop the project (s3, s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "900-acre data center project proposed outside Lexington, Kentucky", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/900-acre-data-center-project-proposed-outside-lexington-kentucky/", "date": "2026-07-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Panattoni releases new details on Project Bluegrass data center", "publisher": "Spectrum News 1 (Kentucky)", "url": "https://spectrumnews1.com/ky/louisville/news/2026/08/24/data-center-mercer-county", "date": "2026-08-25", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Burgin votes to rejoin zoning commission amid data center fight", "publisher": "WKYT", "url": "https://www.wkyt.com/2026/09/09/burgin-votes-rejoin-zoning-commission-amid-data-center-fight/", "date": "2026-09-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Burgin city council member walks out to stop a vote for a proposed data center project", "publisher": "Kentucky Lantern", "url": "https://kentuckylantern.com/2026/09/09/burgin-city-council-member-walks-out-to-stop-a-vote-for-a-proposed-data-center-project/", "date": "2026-09-09", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-24" }, { "slug": "project-cherry-blossom-frenchtown-township-mi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-cherry-blossom-frenchtown-township-mi", "name": "Project Cherry Blossom", "aka": [ "Cloverleaf Frenchtown Township data center" ], "city": "Frenchtown Township", "county": "Monroe County", "state": "MI", "lat": 41.94, "lng": -83.36, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Township-owned site would still need to be sold and rezoned; township board approved first reading of a six-month moratorium on data center uses in April 2026", "developer": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure is developing Project Cherry Blossom, a proposed data center on about 200 acres of township-owned land off I-75 and North Dixie Highway in Frenchtown Township. The land would still need to be sold and rezoned before the project can move forward. The township board approved the first reading of a six-month moratorium on data center uses in April 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 200, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1", "quote": "The project will sit on approximately 200 acres and preliminary plans include a pedestrian/bike path as well as a new mixed-use development off of North Dixie Highway." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 4, "note": "per site plans reported by local press; detailed plans not shared", "source": "s2", "quote": "Site plans seen by local press suggest four data center buildings could be developed across 200 acres, though detailed plans haven't been shared." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": "multi-billion-dollar", "note": "developer's description; no specific figure", "source": "s1", "quote": "Project Cherry Blossom represents a multi-billion-dollar investment in Frenchtown Township and Monroe County" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": "over 1,000", "note": "developer figure", "source": "s1", "quote": "Project Cherry Blossom will create over 1,000 family-wage construction jobs" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": "more than 100", "note": "developer figure", "source": "s1", "quote": "Project Cherry Blossom will create more than 100 long-term, full-time, high-paying positions" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop, one-time fill", "source": "s1", "quote": "Project Cherry Blossom commits to using a closed-loop cooling system requiring a one-time fill designed by licensed Michigan engineers." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "DTE", "note": "power availability still being studied", "source": "s5", "quote": "Cloverleaf is working with DTE to study the site from a power perspective, but we do not yet know the amount of power DTE can provide." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Former River Raisin Golf Course, 1500 N. Dixie Highway", "source": "s2", "quote": "The 18-hole golf course, located at 1500 N. Dixie Highway, closed around 2019." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Developer projects annual tax revenues exceeding $26 million", "note": "developer projection, not an incentive", "source": "s3", "quote": "Cloverleaf presented economic benefits of more than 100 new jobs and annual tax revenues exceeding $26 million." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025", "event": "ProMedica sells the 275-acre former golf course site to the township", "source": "s2", "quote": "After buying the land in 2016, ProMedica canceled plans for the new development in 2023 and sold the 275-acre site to the township earlier this year." }, { "date": "2025-11", "event": "Cloverleaf presents the proposal at a public meeting; residents raise water, power and noise concerns", "source": "s4", "quote": "Many neighbors voiced concerns over water and power usage along with noise." }, { "date": "2026-03-10", "event": "Township board approves a draft data center moratorium", "source": "s6", "quote": "Frenchtown Township's Planning Commission will review a proposed data center moratorium at its April 1 meeting, following the township board's approval of the draft on March 10." }, { "date": "2026-04-01", "event": "Planning Commission holds public hearing on the proposed moratorium", "source": "s7", "quote": "Wednesday, April 1st, 2026, at 7:00 p.m." }, { "date": "2026-04-21", "event": "Township board unanimously approves first reading of a six-month moratorium on data center uses", "source": "s8", "quote": "approve the 1st Reading of Zoning Ordinance Amendment 300-19 Establishing a 6 month moratorium on Technology Uses, Data Center Uses and Other High Resource Demand Uses." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about water and power use and noise (s4)", "The developer says day-to-day water use will be for domestic purposes only (s5)", "The land would still need to be sold and rezoned before the project can move forward (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Home - Project Cherry Blossom", "publisher": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure", "url": "https://cherryblossomdatacenter.com/", "date": "2026", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Cloverleaf targets 200-acre data center development in Michigan", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/cloverleaf-targets-200-acre-data-center-development-in-michigan/", "date": "2025-11-19", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Frenchtown Township holds public meeting for potential 200-acre data center", "publisher": "WXYZ Detroit", "url": "https://www.wxyz.com/news/frenchtown-township-holds-public-meeting-for-potential-200-acre-data-center", "date": "2025-11-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Monroe County community voices concerns over proposed AI data center", "publisher": "FOX 2 Detroit", "url": "https://www.fox2detroit.com/news/frenchtown-township-community-voices-concerns-over-proposed-ai-data-center", "date": "2025-11-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "FAQs - Project Cherry Blossom", "publisher": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure", "url": "https://cherryblossomdatacenter.com/faqs/", "date": "2026", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Data center news: Michigan Chamber, DTE among members of new data center coalition", "publisher": "Planet Detroit", "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/03/data-center-news-michigan-chamber/", "date": "2026-03-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Frenchtown Charter Township Planning Commission Notice of Public Hearing", "publisher": "Frenchtown Charter Township", "url": "https://www.frenchtownmi.gov/Archive.aspx?ADID=139", "date": "2026-03", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Board Workshop Meeting Minutes, April 21, 2026", "publisher": "Frenchtown Charter Township", "url": "https://www.frenchtownmi.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Minutes/_04212026-199", "date": "2026-04-21", "type": "government" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "project-cornmaze-town-of-beloit-wi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-cornmaze-town-of-beloit-wi", "name": "Project Cornmaze", "aka": [], "city": "Beloit", "county": "Rock County", "state": "WI", "lat": 42.5083, "lng": -89.0318, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Panattoni took over the project from Cambrin LLC in 2026; the Towns of Turtle and Beloit rejected its cost reimbursement agreement and moved toward 12-month moratoriums in July-August 2026", "developer": "Panattoni", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Project Cornmaze is a proposed data center campus of four buildings on more than 430 acres at a gravel quarry across the towns of Beloit and Turtle in Rock County, Wisconsin. It was first pursued under Cambrin LLC through a July 2025 pre-development agreement with the Town of Beloit, and Panattoni, which says it is a $1 billion project, has since taken it over. The end user has not been disclosed.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 430, "note": "more than 430 acres", "source": "s5", "quote": "Panattoni's project for the Beloit area looks to build a data center campus of 4 buildings across more than 430 acres at a gravel quarry." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 4, "source": "s5", "quote": "Panattoni's project for the Beloit area looks to build a data center campus of 4 buildings across more than 430 acres at a gravel quarry." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 2000000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "footprint may exceed 2 million sq. ft.", "source": "s5", "quote": "The developer noted its footprint may exceed 2 million sq. ft. — larger than Chicago's Soldier Field and Wrigley Field combined." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1000000000, "source": "s5", "quote": "On June 22, Panattoni held an invite-only gathering for its $1 billion project for the Wisconsin communities of the towns of Beloit and Turtle." }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": "hundreds of megawatts", "note": "developer did not give a specific figure", "source": "s5", "quote": "He couldn't yet provide specifics on electricity and water usage, but the VP suggested energy could head into the hundreds of megawatts." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop water cooling (developer claim)", "source": "s5", "quote": "The developer claimed the data center would feature a closed-loop system for water cooling, potentially needing 50% less water than current facilities." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Pre-development agreement: developer reimburses the Town of Beloit up to $175,000 for costs", "source": "s1", "quote": "Under the agreement, the developer will also reimburse the town up to $175,000 for costs incurred associated with the development." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Land between Town Line Road, South Prairie Avenue and East Philhower Road", "source": "s2", "quote": "the data center could be developed on 430 acres of land located between Town Line Road, South Prairie Avenue, and East Philhower Road." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-07-15", "event": "Town of Beloit signs pre-development agreement with Cambrin LLC", "source": "s1", "quote": "According to the agreement, dated July 15, 2025, the developer plans to apply to rezone a property, negotiate a development agreement with the town and explore creating a tax increment financing district." }, { "date": "2026-03-05", "event": "Pre-development agreement for Project Cornmaze becomes public", "source": "s2", "quote": "The pre-development agreement does not guarantee that a data center will be developed on the site, but protects the town against losing money should the project - dubbed Project Cornmaze - not proceed." }, { "date": "2026-05", "event": "Panattoni informs local government it is taking over the project", "source": "s3", "quote": "But it was revealed by the government in early May that Panattoni had reached out to say that they were taking over the project, and the company has set up two websites about the data center." }, { "date": "2026-06", "event": "Panattoni says the Town of Turtle board postponed a cost reimbursement agreement that had been set for its June 9 meeting", "source": "s3", "quote": "The Town of Turtle Board has postponed consideration of the proposed cost reimbursement agreement, and we respect that decision." }, { "date": "2026-06-22", "event": "Panattoni holds an invite-only gathering on the project", "source": "s5", "quote": "On June 22, Panattoni held an invite-only gathering for its $1 billion project for the Wisconsin communities of the towns of Beloit and Turtle." }, { "date": "2026-07-31", "event": "Town of Beloit supervisors reject the cost reimbursement agreement with Panattoni and begin the process toward a 12-month data center moratorium, two days after the Town of Turtle took similar steps", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-08-17", "event": "Town of Beloit board votes 4-0 on a resolution calling for a 12-month data center moratorium; a public hearing and an ordinance are still required", "source": "s7" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Cambrin LLC shares a name and email address with documents connected to Meta's Beaver Dam data center; Meta has not confirmed it is behind the project (s2, s3)", "Panattoni says the end user is an American company but has not named it (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Town of Beloit has pre-development agreement with company looking to develop data center", "publisher": "WPR", "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/town-of-beloit-pre-development-agreement-develop-data-center", "date": "2026-03-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Meta signs pre-development agreement for data center in Beloit, Wisconsin", "publisher": "DCD", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/meta-signs-pre-development-agreement-for-data-center-in-beloit-wisconsin/", "date": "2026-03-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Developer Panattoni seeks to claw back cash from town of Turtle, Wisconsin, for 430-acre data center", "publisher": "DCD", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/developer-panattoni-seeks-to-claw-back-cash-from-town-of-turtle-wisconsin-for-430-acre-data-center/", "date": "2026-06-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Data center developer sheds light on $1B Beloit project raising community concern", "publisher": "WIFR / Rockford News First", "url": "https://www.rockfordnewsfirst.com/2026/06/23/data-center-developer-sheds-light-1-billion-beloit-project-raising-community-concern/", "date": "2026-06-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Town of Beloit follows Turtle's lead, rejects data center cost agreement, votes for moratorium", "publisher": "Beloit Daily News", "url": "https://www.beloitdailynews.com/news/local-news/town-of-beloit-follows-turtles-lead-rejects-data-center-cost-agreement-votes-for-moratorium/article_2242127f-f759-4ec4-990f-566ab50a488f.html", "date": "2026-08-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Town of Beloit officially starts data center moratorium process", "publisher": "Beloit Daily News", "url": "https://www.beloitdailynews.com/news/local-news/town-of-beloit-officially-starts-data-center-moratorium-process/article_7b40ce39-f491-400c-9560-818dc93b3f71.html", "date": "2026-08-18", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-05" }, { "slug": "project-cumulus-st-charles-mo", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-cumulus-st-charles-mo", "name": "Project Cumulus", "aka": [], "city": "St. Charles", "county": "St. Charles County", "state": "MO", "lat": 38.7881, "lng": -90.4974, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "cancelled", "statusNote": "Withdrawn Aug 2025; city adopted a one-year moratorium, then in May 2026 amended its code to effectively ban data centers", "developer": "CRG (Clayco) via CRG Cumulus LLC", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Project Cumulus was a proposed hyperscale data center on about 440 acres along Highway 370 in north St. Charles, near the city's Elm Point well field. The developer, CRG Cumulus LLC, affiliated with Clayco, withdrew the application in August 2025 amid resident opposition. The city then adopted a one-year moratorium and in May 2026 voted 7-1 to amend its code in a way that effectively bans data centers.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 440, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 3, "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 150, "note": "50 per building, per project spokesperson", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1000, "note": "stated as 700-1,000", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Site plan plus a conditional use permit required to store and use hazardous substances such as diesel fuel within the wellhead protection district; Planning and Zoning Commission approved the site plan, but a favorable recommendation for the conditional use permit failed by one vote", "source": "s7", "quote": "the Planning and Zoning Commission split on the two items, approving the site plan but defeating a favorable recommendation on the conditional use permit by one vote." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "Backup generators with about 1 million gallons of diesel fuel stored in 150 tanks", "source": "s7", "quote": "allowing the use, handling, and storage of hazardous substances, including some 1 million gallons of diesel fuel (spread among 150 tanks)." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "440 acres on both sides of Highway 370 between Huster Road and Harry S Truman Boulevard", "source": "s1", "quote": "The proposal would have seen a data center be built on a 440-acre land parcel located on both the north and south sides of Highway 370 and between Huster Road and Harry S Truman Boulevard." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-07-14", "event": "Planning and Zoning Commission partially recommends approval", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-08-19", "event": "Developer withdraws proposal ahead of City Council vote", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-08-22", "event": "City Council unanimously adopts one-year citywide moratorium on data center applications", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-05-19", "event": "City Council votes 7-1 to amend code defining data centers separately from warehouses, effectively banning them", "source": "s5" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents objected to siting on the city's drinking water source near the Elm Point well field (s2, s6)", "Opponents cited use of nondisclosure agreements and an undisclosed Fortune 100 end user (s2, s3)", "Developer Bob Clark said the project would have funded water system upgrades and generated $30-40 million a year in tax revenue (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Bernie Sanders praises residents after developers shelve planned data center in St. Charles, Missouri", "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/bernie-sanders-praises-residents-after-developers-shelve-planned-data-center-in-st-charles-missouri/", "date": "2025-08-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "St. Charles residents push back on hyperscale data center near city's water source", "publisher": "Mid Rivers Newsmagazine", "url": "https://www.midriversnewsmagazine.com/news/st-charles-residents-push-back-on-hyperscale-data-center-near-city-s-water-source/article_0892c124-6c4c-4ca0-a741-ee7275fbfeb0.html", "date": "2025-08-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Proposed St. Charles, Mo., Data Center Is Dead for Now", "publisher": "St. Louis Post-Dispatch (via GovTech)", "url": "https://www.govtech.com/products/proposed-st-charles-mo-data-center-is-dead-for-now", "date": "2025-08-19", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "St. Charles bans data centers with yearlong moratorium", "publisher": "Spectrum News", "url": "https://spectrumlocalnews.com/mo/st-louis/news/2025/08/22/st-charles-data-center-moratorium", "date": "2025-08-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "City of St. Charles bans data centers", "publisher": "Mid Rivers Newsmagazine", "url": "https://www.midriversnewsmagazine.com/news/city-of-st-charles-bans-data-centers/article_9762c552-2aec-45f0-975e-7791b680f6a8.html", "date": "2026-05-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "As St. Charles weighs data center ban, developer says project would have upgraded water system", "publisher": "First Alert 4 (KMOV)", "url": "https://www.firstalert4.com/2026/05/18/st-charles-weighs-data-center-ban-developer-says-project-would-have-upgraded-water-system/?outputType=amp", "date": "2026-05-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "St. Charles residents don't want a data center city leaders are eyeing", "publisher": "St. Louis Magazine", "url": "https://www.stlmag.com/business/st-charles-data-center/", "type": "news", "date": "2025-07-15" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "project-delta-walnut-cove-nc", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-delta-walnut-cove-nc", "name": "Project Delta", "aka": [], "city": "Walnut Cove", "county": "Stokes County", "state": "NC", "lat": 36.2957, "lng": -80.1417, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Rezoning re-approved 3-2 on Sept. 14, 2026 after January approval was voided over notice defects; state permits not yet obtained as of January", "developer": "Engineered Land Solutions", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Charlotte-based Engineered Land Solutions proposes a data center campus on about 1,800 acres of farmland along the Dan River near Walnut Cove, with about 998 acres developable and the rest floodplain. Stokes County commissioners approved the rezoning 3-2 in January 2026, voided that approval after residents sued over public notice, and approved it again 3-2 on Sept. 14, 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 1845, "unit": "acres", "note": "about 998 acres developable; remainder floodplain (s1)", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 500, "note": "up to 500, average salaries around $100,000 (developer projection)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Generators initially, then Duke Energy grid connection (developer plan)", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Duke Energy", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "County text amendment allowing data centers in heavy manufacturing districts plus a zoning map amendment for the Project Delta site", "source": "s5", "quote": "The plaintiffs say commissioners' decision to allow data centers in the county's heavy manufacturing districts threatens more than a dozen sites across the county that have remained largely rural." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-12-04", "event": "Stokes County Planning Board votes against recommending the rezoning", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026", "event": "Thirteen residents and four nonprofit groups sue, alleging improper notice and procedures; commissioners void the rezoning (by April 2026)", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "event": "Board of Commissioners approves rezoning 3-2", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-03-12", "event": "Community groups and residents file suit in Stokes County Superior Court challenging the January rezoning", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-08-13", "event": "County planning board votes 5-2 to recommend that commissioners reject the new Project Delta rezoning request, its second denial recommendation", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-09-08", "event": "Public hearing held under the format set in a court-adopted consent order; SELC says residents largely opposed the project", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-09-14", "event": "Commissioners approve rezoning again 3-2 under restarted process", "source": "s4" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about water use, thermal pollution and groundwater contamination affecting the Dan River (s1)", "Residents cited noise, air quality, electricity demand, and loss of rural character (s2, s4)", "Opponents raised historical and cultural significance of the site to Indigenous peoples (s1)", "Developer projects $20 million a year in county tax revenue; CEO Drew Nations has cited up to $40 million (s1, s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Plan for new data center in Stokes County approved by commissioners", "publisher": "Spectrum News", "url": "https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nc/charlotte/news/2026/01/12/stokes-county-proposed-data-center-creates-backlash", "date": "2026-01-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Residents push back as N.C. county reboots process for data center plan", "publisher": "Spectrum News", "url": "https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nc/charlotte/news/2026/04/16/stokes-county-data-center-lawsuit", "date": "2026-04-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Charlotte group's data center plan wins Stokes County rezoning", "publisher": "Business North Carolina", "url": "https://businessnc.com/charlotte-groups-data-center-plan-wins-stokes-county-rezoning/", "date": "2026-02-13", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Stokes County votes clear the way for massive, controversial data center in Walnut Cove", "publisher": "WFAE", "url": "https://www.wfae.org/2026-09-14/stokes-county-votes-clear-the-way-for-massive-controversial-data-center-in-walnut-cove", "date": "2026-09-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Community groups sue over planned data center in Stokes County", "publisher": "NC Newsline", "url": "https://ncnewsline.com/2026/03/13/community-groups-sue-over-planned-data-center-in-stokes-county/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-03-13" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Community Groups, Residents File Lawsuit Over Stokes County Data Center Rezoning", "publisher": "Southern Environmental Law Center", "url": "https://www.selc.org/press-release/community-groups-residents-file-lawsuit-over-stokes-county-data-center-rezoning/", "type": "other", "date": "2026-03-12" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Planning board again recommends denial of Stokes data center", "publisher": "WFAE", "url": "https://www.wfae.org/2026-08-14/planning-board-again-recommends-denial-of-stokes-data-center", "date": "2026-08-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Press release, September 16, 2026: Stokes County Project Delta vote", "publisher": "Southern Environmental Law Center", "url": "https://www.selc.org/?p=44209", "date": "2026-09-16", "type": "other" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-05" }, { "slug": "project-flex-lyon-township-mi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-flex-lyon-township-mi", "name": "Project Flex", "aka": [ "Verrus Lyon Township data center" ], "city": "New Hudson", "county": "Oakland County", "state": "MI", "lat": 42.5139, "lng": -83.6147, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Conditional site plan approval Sept 2025; final site plan still under Planning Commission review", "developer": "Verrus", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Verrus, a Sidewalk Infrastructure Partners company, plans a six-building, 1.8 million sq ft data center on 172 acres south of Grand River Avenue near Milford Road in Lyon Township. The site is zoned industrial and received unanimous conditional site plan approval in September 2025; the final site plan has gone through multiple revisions amid resident opposition, a township moratorium on further data centers, and a developer threat of litigation.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 172, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 1800000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 6, "source": "s1" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "DTE Energy (new substation required)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 210, "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 2000, "note": "stated as 1,500-2,000", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Developer offers $10 million community benefits package; projects about $300 million in tax revenue over 17 years", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "I-1 and I-2 industrial zoning, where the developer says data centers are permitted by right", "note": "as stated in the developer attorney's May 27, 2026 final site plan response letter", "source": "s4", "quote": "The letter also contends that Project Flex falls within I-1 and I-2 industrial zoning, where data centers are permitted by right under Michigan law, requiring only technical compliance review." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "Battery energy storage as primary backup for outages under 4 hours; packaged diesel generators in acoustic enclosures as secondary backup", "source": "s1", "quote": "The data center's primary backup power for outages of less than 4 hours would come from a zero-emission battery energy storage system, and for longer outages, packaged diesel generators in acoustic enclosures would be used as a secondary backup, the document said." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09-08", "event": "Planning Commission grants unanimous conditional site plan approval", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "event": "Public meeting draws about 125 residents", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-03", "event": "Township board adopts six-month moratorium on additional data center proposals", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-04-27", "event": "Oakland County Election Commission approves recall petition language against township trustees", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-05-27", "event": "Developer's attorney submits final site plan response letter threatening legal action over delays", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-08-13", "event": "Verrus submits fifth site plan revision", "source": "s5" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents cite sound studies, stormwater, proximity to an elementary school, property values, and water supply (s4)", "The township board denied a stormwater easement requested by the developer (s4)", "Developer says the project will use little to no water and relies on batteries plus diesel generators for backup (s1)", "Developer says annual water use would be under 12 million gallons (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Lyon Township 'may be revisiting' data center site plan: Residents pack meeting", "publisher": "Planet Detroit", "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/01/lyon-township-data-center-plan/", "date": "2026-01-13", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Project Flex data center eyes final Lyon Township approval amid pushback from nearby residents", "publisher": "WXYZ", "url": "https://www.wxyz.com/news/region/oakland-county/project-flex-data-center-eyes-final-lyon-township-approval-amid-pushback-from-nearby-residents", "date": "2026-07-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Residents fight back: Data center controversy sparks recall attempt against Lyon Township leaders", "publisher": "WDIV ClickOnDetroit", "url": "https://www.clickondetroit.com/news/local/2026/04/29/residents-fight-back-data-center-controversy-sparks-recall-attempt-against-lyon-township-leaders/", "date": "2026-04-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Lyon Township residents push back on data center as developer threatens lawsuit", "publisher": "WXYZ", "url": "https://www.wxyz.com/news/data-centers/lyon-township-residents-push-back-on-data-center-as-developer-threatens-lawsuit", "date": "2026-06-01", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Project Flex one year later: Part II", "publisher": "The Livingston Post", "url": "https://thelivingstonpost.com/project-flex-one-year-later-part-ii/", "date": "2026-09-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Project Flex Developer to Go Back Before Lyon Township Planners in September", "publisher": "WHMI", "url": "https://www.whmi.com/news/article/project-flex-developer-to-go-back-before-lyon-township-planners-in-september", "date": "2026-08-31", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-05" }, { "slug": "aws-project-galaxy-sidney-oh", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/aws-project-galaxy-sidney-oh", "name": "Project Galaxy (AWS Sidney data center)", "aka": [ "Amazon Sidney data center", "Project Galaxy" ], "city": "Sidney", "county": "Shelby County", "state": "OH", "lat": 40.2842, "lng": -84.1555, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Sidney City Council approved a 30-year, 100% tax abatement in October 2025; operations estimated to begin by Dec. 31, 2028", "developer": "Amazon Web Services (Amazon Data Services)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Amazon Web Services is developing a $3 billion data center campus, known as Project Galaxy, on the north side of Millcreek Road west of Vandemark Road in Sidney. Sidney City Council approved a 30-year, 100% tax abatement for Amazon Data Services in October 2025. The city says operations are estimated to begin by Dec. 31, 2028.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 3000000000, "source": "s2", "quote": "The $3 billion project – known as Project Galaxy – will be located on the north side of Millcreek Road, west of Vandemark Road." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 75, "note": "at least", "source": "s1", "quote": "At least 75 direct jobs expected from the project." }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": "approximately 5 million gallons per year", "note": "annual projection; no daily figure given", "source": "s1", "quote": "Amazon projects approximately 5 million gallons of annual water use." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "municipal (City of Sidney public water system)", "source": "s1", "quote": "The facility will obtain water from the City's public water system." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "AES Ohio", "source": "s1", "quote": "Amazon is working with AES Ohio and PJM to model the project's load impacts before the facilities come online." }, { "field": "grid_operator", "value": "PJM", "source": "s1", "quote": "Amazon is working with AES Ohio and PJM to model the project's load impacts before the facilities come online." }, { "field": "abatement_years", "value": 30, "source": "s1", "quote": "For each building, the tax exemption begins in the year the improvement is first placed on the tax rolls and continues for 30 years." }, { "field": "abatement_usd", "value": "$180 million to $350 million", "note": "estimated value range", "source": "s3", "quote": "The 30-year abatement, with an estimated value of $180 million to $350 million, will make way for a data center expected to employ 75 people" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "$50 million payment in lieu of taxes over 15 years", "source": "s2", "quote": "a 30-year, 100 percent tax abatement, with Amazon providing the city a payment in lieu of taxes, totaling $50 million over a 15-year period." }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Operations by Dec. 31, 2028; 75 jobs required by Dec. 31, 2030", "source": "s1", "quote": "Operations are estimated to begin by December 31, 2028, with job creation (75 jobs) required by December 31, 2030" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-10-27", "event": "Sidney City Council passes resolution supporting the 30-year tax abatement", "source": "s3", "quote": "City council passed a resolution supporting the abatement Oct. 27." }, { "date": "2026-03-05", "event": "Residents gather to raise questions about water use, light pollution and farmland", "source": "s4", "quote": "Dozens of Sidney residents gathered to learn more about data centers on Thursday." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised questions about water consumption, light pollution and effects on the farming community (s4)", "Residents raised concerns about impacts on those who rely on well water (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Proposed Data Center FAQ", "publisher": "City of Sidney", "url": "https://www.sidneyoh.com/526/Proposed-Data-Center-FAQ", "date": "2026-09-10", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Amazon secures tax break for $3bn data center campus in Sidney, Ohio", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/amazon-secures-tax-break-for-3bn-data-center-campus-in-sidney-ohio/", "date": "2025-10-31", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Sidney approves tax abatement for expected $3 billion Amazon data investment", "publisher": "Dayton Daily News", "url": "https://www.daytondailynews.com/local/sidney-council-approves-tax-abatement-for-amazon-megaproject/JVTQSDOD5BGYLIZ5UK6JEI26AE/", "date": "2025-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Community gathers to share concerns, learn about data center plans in Shelby County", "publisher": "WHIO-TV", "url": "https://www.whio.com/news/local/community-gathers-share-concerns-learn-about-data-center-plans-shelby-county/OF4XYJ5YAVEXZGH55OYPRZLHIA/", "date": "2026-03-05", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "project-liberty-marion-county-sc", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-liberty-marion-county-sc", "name": "Project Liberty", "aka": [ "Eagle Myra, LLC" ], "city": "Marion", "county": "Marion County", "state": "SC", "lat": 34.1782, "lng": -79.4006, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "cancelled", "statusNote": "Stream Data Centers withdrew in June 2026, citing inability to source utility power in the required timeframe", "developer": "Stream Data Centers", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Project Liberty was a proposed $2.4 billion data center by Stream Data Centers on roughly 407 acres in South Carolina's Marion County Industrial Park. Marion County Council approved a fee-in-lieu-of-tax agreement at a Jan. 22, 2026 meeting after signing a nondisclosure agreement, drawing criticism from residents. In June 2026 Stream said utility power could not be sourced within the required timeframe and the project would not move forward.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 2400000000, "source": "s2", "quote": "It was expected to cost $2.4 billion." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 407, "note": "approximately", "source": "s2", "quote": "The company was planning to build a data center, which they called 'Project Liberty', on approximately 407 acres in the Marion County Industrial Park." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": "up to 6", "note": "as many as six buildings, per county", "source": "s1", "quote": "Deputy County Administrator Kent Williams said engineers for Project Liberty estimated each building would use about 7,175 gallons of water a day, and that there could be as many as six buildings." }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 7175, "note": "per building, engineers' estimate", "source": "s1", "quote": "Deputy County Administrator Kent Williams said engineers for Project Liberty estimated each building would use about 7,175 gallons of water a day" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 20, "note": "roughly 20", "source": "s1", "quote": "Likewise, the data center, if completed, would lead to roughly 20 permanent jobs in the county of 30,000." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "note": "per county representatives", "source": "s3", "quote": "County representatives say the proposed data center would use closed-loop cooling systems, which limit water consumption by recycling water rather than continuously drawing from local sources." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Fee-in-lieu-of-tax agreement with special source revenue credits and multi-county industrial park access", "source": "s3", "quote": "Under that agreement, the company would pay negotiated fees instead of traditional property taxes, receive special source revenue credits, and gain access to a multi-county industrial business park." }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Utility power could not be sourced within required timeframe", "source": "s2", "quote": "Unfortunately, because utility power cannot be sourced on this site within the required timeframe, Stream is unable to proceed with development at this location and Project Liberty will not be moving forward" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-01-22", "event": "Marion County Council approves a fee-in-lieu-of-tax agreement for Project Liberty", "source": "s1", "quote": "At the Jan. 22 Marion County Council meeting, as most residents were preparing for the storm, several community members used the hearing to press council members on how little the public knew before the vote and how quickly the deal was moving." }, { "date": "2026-02-04", "event": "Project, previously referred to as Project Liberty, is reported as now associated with Eagle Myra, LLC", "source": "s3", "quote": "The project, previously referred to as Project Liberty, is now associated with a company called Eagle Myra, LLC." }, { "date": "2026-06", "event": "Stream Data Centers says on its website that Project Liberty will not move forward, citing utility timing constraints", "source": "s4", "quote": "Stream Data Centers announced it will no longer move forward with Project Liberty, the controversial Marion County data center project, citing utility timing constraints." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "County council signed a nondisclosure agreement that barred it from making the project public (s1)", "Residents said most were unaware of the Jan. 22 vote, held as a winter storm approached (s1, s2)", "Stream said funds committed to Marion County will still go to local organizations (s2, s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "A Rural S.C. County Quietly Approved a $2B Data Center During the Winter Storm", "publisher": "Capital B News", "url": "https://capitalbnews.org/secret-data-center-deal-marion-county-south-carolina/", "date": "2026-02-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Data center company pulls Marion Co. project plans", "publisher": "Spectrum News", "url": "https://spectrumlocalnews.com/sc/south-carolina/news/2026/06/12/south-carolina-data-center", "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Marion Co. says more details on proposed data center to come in next phase", "publisher": "WPDE", "url": "https://wpde.com/news/local/marion-county-eagle-myra-project-liberty", "date": "2026-02-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Stream Data Centers pulls out of controversial Marion County project", "publisher": "WMBF News", "url": "https://www.wmbfnews.com/2026/06/11/stream-data-centers-pulls-out-controversial-marion-county-project/", "date": "2026-06-11", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-05" }, { "slug": "project-peninsula-solon-township-mi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-peninsula-solon-township-mi", "name": "Project Peninsula", "aka": [], "city": "Cedar Springs", "county": "Kent County", "state": "MI", "lat": 43.2233, "lng": -85.5514, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "rumored", "statusNote": "No application filed; township board adopted a six-month moratorium on data center proposals in February 2026", "developer": null, "endUsers": [], "summary": "An unnamed technology company is eyeing roughly 800 acres in Solon Township, Kent County, near US-131 and 17 Mile Road, for a data center project that could see more than $1 billion invested. The township's supervisor signed a nondisclosure agreement with Venerly LLC in June 2025. The township board adopted a six-month moratorium on data center proposals in February 2026, and the planning commission tabled proposed data center ordinances in June 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 800, "unit": "acres", "note": "around 800 acres", "source": "s4", "quote": "an unnamed technology company aims to develop on around 800 acres near US-131 and 17 Mile Road." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1000000000, "note": "more than $1 billion", "source": "s4", "quote": "The project could see more than $1 billion invested to develop 600,000-800,000 sq ft." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": "600,000-800,000", "unit": "sq ft", "note": "range", "source": "s4", "quote": "The project could see more than $1 billion invested to develop 600,000-800,000 sq ft." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Most of the property currently zoned agricultural/residential", "source": "s1", "quote": "The township says most of the property is currently zoned agricultural/residential." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-06", "event": "Township Supervisor Ellick signs a nondisclosure agreement with Venerly LLC with board approval", "source": "s5", "quote": "Ellick signed an NDA in June 2025 with Venerly LLC with unanimous approval from the board." }, { "date": "2026-01", "event": "Township Planning Commission unanimously approves a 90-day moratorium on data center proposals", "source": "s2", "quote": "unanimously approved a 90-day moratorium on data center proposals during Tuesday night's meeting, with hundreds of community members in attendance." }, { "date": "2026-01-08", "event": "The Right Place confirms technology companies are exploring data center development in the region, including in Solon Township", "source": "s1", "quote": "A few leading U.S.-based technology companies have approached The Right Place to explore developing data centers in our region, including one in Solon Township." }, { "date": "2026-02", "event": "Township Board unanimously approves a six-month moratorium on data center proposals", "source": "s3", "quote": "The Solon Township Board unanimously approved a six-month moratorium Monday night" }, { "date": "2026-06", "event": "Planning Commission tables proposed data center ordinances", "source": "s4", "quote": "the planning commission tabled the ordinances and will discuss them again in July." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns after learning of the potential 800-acre site in January 2026 (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Developers eye Solon Township farmland for potential Data Center", "publisher": "FOX 17 West Michigan", "url": "https://www.fox17online.com/news/local-news/rockford-cedar-springs-sparta/developers-eye-solon-township-farmland-for-potential-data-center", "date": "2026-01-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Solon Township Planning Commission approves 90-day moratorium on data centers", "publisher": "FOX 17 West Michigan", "url": "https://www.fox17online.com/news/local-news/rockford-cedar-springs-sparta/solon-township-planning-commission-approves-90-day-moratorium-on-data-centers", "date": "2026-01-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Solon Township approves 6-month moratorium on data center proposals", "publisher": "FOX 17 West Michigan", "url": "https://www.fox17online.com/news/local-news/rockford-cedar-springs-sparta/solon-township-approves-6-month-moratorium-on-data-center-proposals", "date": "2026-02-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Mystery tech firm looks to build ~800-acre data center campus outside Grand Rapids, Michigan", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/mystery-tech-firm-looks-to-build-800-acre-data-center-campus-outside-grand-rapids-michigan/", "date": "2026-06-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Solon Township Schedules Public Hearing for Data Center Zoning Ordinance", "publisher": "Cedar Springs Bugle", "url": "https://www.csbugle.com/post/solon-township-schedules-public-hearing-for-data-center-zoning-ordinance", "date": "2026-06-04", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "project-rainier-new-carlisle-in", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-rainier-new-carlisle-in", "name": "Project Rainier (AWS New Carlisle campus)", "aka": [ "Amazon Web Services New Carlisle data center campus" ], "city": "New Carlisle", "county": "St. Joseph County", "state": "IN", "lat": 41.7, "lng": -86.51, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "operating", "statusNote": "Initial buildings operating since Oct 2025; campus build-out continues", "developer": "Amazon Web Services", "endUsers": [ "Anthropic" ], "summary": "Amazon Web Services' campus in the Indiana Enterprise Center near New Carlisle is an $11 billion investment and one of the data center sites behind Project Rainier, the AI compute cluster that Anthropic uses to train and run Claude. AWS brought Project Rainier online in October 2025 with nearly 500,000 Trainium2 chips. St. Joseph County approved a tax abatement in 2024, and some county council members have since asked Amazon to voluntarily give back part of it.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 11000000000, "unit": "USD", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 1000, "note": "at least 1,000 per state announcement; county approval cited ~400 full-time", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 600, "note": "approximate, per county approval coverage", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 600, "unit": "acres", "note": "600+ acquired as of Aug 2024", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 22, "note": "potential total on campus over 10–15 years (2024 estimate)", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "County: 50% property tax abatement over 10 years, 85% on data center shells over 35 years, $143M community enhancement agreement; State: 50-year data center sales tax exemption plus up to ~$105M in credits/grants", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Per AWS, no cooling water used October–March, minimal use April–September", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Indiana Michigan Power (I&M)", "source": "s8", "quote": "Amazon wrote that its data center would receive power from I&M's regional grid." }, { "field": "abatement_usd", "value": 9000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "stated as more than $9 billion in property tax abatements over 35 years", "source": "s8", "quote": "St. Joseph County has granted property tax abatements totaling over $9 billion over 35 years for AWS's data center." }, { "field": "abatement_years", "value": 35, "unit": "years", "source": "s8", "quote": "St. Joseph County has granted property tax abatements totaling over $9 billion over 35 years for AWS's data center." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1200, "unit": "acres", "source": "s8", "quote": "Once the other 14 of the project's 32 buildings are built on its 1,200-acre New Carlisle campus, the development can consume up to 2.25 gigawatts, enough to power more than 1.4 million homes, or around half of the state of Indiana's residential households." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-04-25", "event": "Indiana governor announces AWS $11 billion data center campus near New Carlisle", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2024-08-13", "event": "St. Joseph County Council approves tax abatement, 7-2", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-10-29", "event": "AWS activates Project Rainier; cluster fully operational with ~500,000 Trainium2 chips", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-01-27", "event": "The Department of Energy ordered the data center to cut 50 MW from the grid; backup diesel generators ran and cold weather disrupted pollution controls on five of them", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-06", "event": "Four Republican council members ask Amazon to voluntarily return part of its tax break", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-06-03", "event": "Amazon holds ribbon-cutting for campus administration building", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-08-10", "event": "Council Republicans propose asking Amazon for $7 million; Amazon says it is not interested in revisiting the abatement", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-09-22", "event": "St. Joseph County Council advances, on a 6-3 vote, a resolution that would bar new hyperscale data centers from the county", "source": "s9", "quote": "The St. Joseph County Council voted 6-3 to advance a resolution that would prohibit new hyperscale data centers from being built in the county." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Some county council members object to the size of the abatement (nearly $38M abated in the first half of 2026), contrasting it with Microsoft forgoing a break in Granger (s6, s7)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Gov. Holcomb announces Amazon Web Services plans to invest $11B to create a new data center campus in Northern Indiana", "publisher": "Indiana Economic Development Corporation", "url": "https://www.iedc.in.gov/events/news/details/2024/04/25/gov.-holcomb-announces-amazon-web-services-plans-to-invest-11b-to-create-a-new-data-center-campus-in-northern-indiana", "date": "2024-04-25", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "St. Joseph County leaders approve $11bn Amazon data center in Indiana", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/st-joseph-county-leaders-approve-11bn-amazon-data-center-in-indiana/", "date": "2024-08-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Amazon's 'Project Rainier' starts operations in New Carlisle", "publisher": "WSBT", "url": "https://wsbt.com/news/local/amazons-project-rainier-starts-operations-create-jobs-ai-billion-dollar-project-near-new-carlisle-st-joseph-county-indiana", "date": "2025-10-31", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "AWS activates Project Rainier: One of the world's largest AI compute clusters comes online", "publisher": "Amazon", "url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/aws/aws-project-rainier-ai-trainium-chips-compute-cluster", "date": "2025", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Project Rainer: AWS, Anthropic Complete Massive AI Supercomputing Cluster", "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge", "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/supercomputers/project-rainer-aws-anthropic-complete-massive-ai-supercomputing-cluster", "date": "2025-10-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Council members asking Amazon to pay despite tax abatement", "publisher": "WVPE", "url": "https://www.wvpe.org/wvpe-news/2026-06-24/council-members-asking-amazon-to-pay-despite-tax-abatement", "date": "2026-06-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Council Republicans ask Amazon to give back some data center tax break", "publisher": "WVPE", "url": "https://www.wvpe.org/wvpe-news/2026-08-10/council-republicans-ask-amazon-to-give-back-some-data-center-tax-break", "date": "2026-08-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Power Needs, Pollution, Local Politics Collide At Amazon Data Center", "publisher": "InkFreeNews.com (Indianapolis Star / Notre Dame Gallivan Program)", "url": "https://www.inkfreenews.com/2026/08/14/power-needs-pollution-local-politics-collide-at-amazon-data-center/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-08-14" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "St. Joseph County Council advances plan to ban new data centers", "publisher": "ABC57", "url": "https://www.abc57.com/news/st-joseph-county-council-advances-plan-to-ban-new-data-centers", "date": "2026-09-22", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "project-spalding-high-falls-road-ga", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-spalding-high-falls-road-ga", "name": "Project Spalding", "aka": [], "city": null, "county": "Spalding County", "state": "GA", "lat": 33.262348, "lng": -84.284905, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Rezonings and special exceptions approved with conditions in July 2025; in September 2026 the county said it had received no Land Disturbance Permit submittals for its approved data center sites", "developer": "Montana Property Group LLC", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Project Spalding is a data center campus proposed by Montana Property Group LLC on two adjoining properties owned by Alan R. Mobley on the north side of High Falls Road and Alicia Drive in Spalding County, Georgia, totaling 132.9 acres. The Griffin Daily News lists it at 2,559,500 square feet in three two-story buildings, plus two administrative and management facilities, a power substation and a proposed solar farm, with build-out scheduled for 2030. The Spalding County Board of Commissioners approved rezonings and special exceptions with conditions in July 2025; in September 2026 the county said it had received no Land Disturbance Permit submittals for the approved data center sites.", "facts": [ { "field": "sqft", "value": 2559500, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "two buildings of 936,460 sq ft and one of 686,737 sq ft; WSB-TV reported nearly 2.6 million sq ft (s2) and DatacenterDynamics 2.55 million sq ft (s4)", "source": "s5", "quote": "The data center campus is listed as being a total of 2,559,500 square feet, with three large buildings housing the computing equipment." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 3, "note": "two-story data center buildings; the site also includes two detached administrative and management facilities and a power substation", "source": "s5", "quote": "All three are two-story buildings, with two listed at 936,460 square feet each and the third at 686,737 square feet." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 132.9, "note": "described as approximately 133 acres in April 2025 (s1)", "source": "s5", "quote": "on two adjoining pieces of property on the north side of High Falls Road and Alicia Drive, totaling 132.9 acres" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Two adjoining properties owned by Alan R. Mobley: 86.81 acres on High Falls Road and 46.1 acres on Alicia Drive", "source": "s1", "quote": "Mobley, who owns 86.81 acres on High Falls Road and 46.1 acres on Alicia Drive" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1875000000, "note": "estimated value at build-out from the Development of Regional Impact (DRI #4425) additional information form, which also estimated $26.859 million in annual local tax revenues; WSB-TV reported proposal documents putting the value at more than $1.8 billion upon completion", "source": "s1", "quote": "the estimated value at buildout is $1.875 billion" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Build-out scheduled for 2030", "source": "s5", "quote": "Build out is scheduled for 2030." }, { "field": "onsite_generation", "value": "Proposed solar farm on the property", "source": "s2", "quote": "Additionally, there would be two detached administrative and management facilities, a power substation, proposed solar farm for power generation" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Closed-loop water system (county requirement for data centers)", "note": "the developers of all three approved Spalding County data center campuses agreed to follow the county's data center regulations (s5)", "source": "s5", "quote": "One of the requirements developed for data centers in the county stipulates that that the facilities can only use closed-loop water systems." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Data center rezoning to C-1C (Manufacturing-Light) from R-2 (Single Family Residential) and AR-1 (Agricultural-Residential), with special exceptions", "note": "as requested in April 2025", "source": "s1", "quote": "The rezonings would be from AR-1 (Agricultural-Residential) and R-2 (Single Family Residential) to C-1C (Manufacturing-Light) for a data center." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Spalding County Board of Commissioners approved rezonings and special exceptions with conditions in July 2025", "source": "s5", "quote": "The first data center campus was approved by the BOC in July 2025. Property owner Alan R. Mobley and developer Montana Property Group LLC were approved for rezonings and special exceptions with conditions", "note": "also reported by The Griffin Daily News in December 2025 (s3)" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-03-31", "event": "The Data Center Construction Channel reports that Montana Property Group LLC filed a Development of Regional Impact application with the Georgia Department of Community Affairs for a campus known as Project Spalding", "source": "s1", "quote": "a March 31 article by Dan Swinhoe on The Data Center Construction Channel about Montana Property Group LLC filing a Development of Regional impact (DRI) application with the Georgia Department of Community Affairs (DCA) for a data center campus known as Project Spalding" }, { "date": "2025-04-08", "event": "Resident Greg Berns speaks against the proposed data center during citizen comment at a Spalding County Board of Commissioners meeting", "source": "s1", "quote": "Greg Berns, who lives on the west side of the county, spoke to the Spalding County Board of Commissioners during the Citizen Comment portion of their April 8 meeting." }, { "date": "2025-07", "event": "Spalding County Board of Commissioners approves rezonings and special exceptions with conditions for the campus", "source": "s5", "quote": "The first data center campus was approved by the BOC in July 2025." }, { "date": "2025-07-14", "event": "Spalding County Board of Commissioners holds a hearing on the application", "source": "s2", "quote": "The Spalding County Board of Commissioners held a hearing on Monday about an application for one of two data centers proposed to be built in the community." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "At an April 2025 commission meeting, resident Greg Berns said the project would consume more power and water than the entire county and produce significant noise, and called the rezoning request questionable spot zoning (s1)", "In September 2026 the county's community development director said no Land Disturbance Permit filings of any kind had come in, and the county had no paperwork showing the approved projects were advancing (s5)", "Commissioner James Dutton said the county's strict data center rules have discouraged developers from coming to the county (s5)", "The DRI form estimated $26.859 million in annual local tax revenues at build-out (s1); WSB-TV reported $26.86 million per year (s2)", "The Griffin Daily News reported the county's closed-loop requirement carries a maximum estimated water use of 25,000 gallons per day (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Spalding County resident raises alarm about a proposed data center on High Falls Road", "publisher": "The Griffin Daily News", "url": "https://www.griffindailynews.com/news/spalding-county-resident-raises-alarm-about-a-proposed-data-center-on-high-falls-road/article_ec6873d9-ad5a-5327-b940-fbec3e36b16c.html", "date": "2025-04-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Spalding County commissioners hold hearing on data center development", "publisher": "WSB-TV Channel 2", "url": "https://www.wsbtv.com/news/local/spalding-county/spalding-county-commissioners-hold-hearing-data-center-development/EE6EZTH4OVHYDBDQUBBA6UR7LI/", "date": "2025-07-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Third data center campus rezoning tabled until January", "publisher": "The Griffin Daily News", "url": "https://www.griffindailynews.com/news/third-data-center-campus-rezoning-tabled-until-january/article_0d6e00bb-2191-57a5-b418-014264a7f70e.html", "date": "2025-12-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Application filed for 5 million sq ft data center campus outside Atlanta, Georgia", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/application-filed-for-5-million-sq-ft-data-center-campus-outside-atlanta-georgia/", "date": "2026-01-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Are data centers dead in Spalding County?", "publisher": "The Griffin Daily News", "url": "https://www.griffindailynews.com/news/are-data-centers-dead-in-spalding-county/article_6ff83dfb-f930-557b-bfc2-009c12e87b7c.html", "date": "2026-09-03", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-24" }, { "slug": "project-steel-yorkville-il", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-steel-yorkville-il", "name": "Project Steel Data Center Campus", "aka": [], "city": "Yorkville", "county": "Kendall County", "state": "IL", "lat": 41.6411, "lng": -88.4473, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Approved by Yorkville City Council in March 2026; residents' lawsuit seeking to void the rezoning filed May 2026", "developer": "Prologis", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Project Steel is a data center campus proposed by Prologis, L.P. on approximately 540 acres in Yorkville, Illinois, revised to 16 two-story buildings totaling about 6.8 million square feet. The Yorkville City Council approved the project in March 2026 with one dissenting vote, and a residents' group filed a lawsuit in Kendall County Court asking that the rezoning be declared void.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 540, "unit": "acres", "note": "approximately 540 acres across sixteen parcels", "source": "s1", "quote": "preliminary PUD Plan approval for approximately 540 acres across sixteen (16) parcels" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 16, "note": "reduced from 18 in the original application", "source": "s2", "quote": "To make room, the original number of 18 warehouses is being reduced to 16, two-story warehouses." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 6800000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "about 6.8 million square feet", "source": "s2", "quote": "The remaining warehouses will be slightly larger than the original plan, meaning the total square footage remains about 6.8 million square feet." }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": "25,000–42,400", "unit": "gallons/day", "note": "range stated by city official Olson", "source": "s3", "quote": "Addressing residents concerns about water consumption, Olson said Project Steel is an air-cooled system that will only use about 25,000 – 42,400 gallons per day." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "air-cooled", "source": "s3", "quote": "Addressing residents concerns about water consumption, Olson said Project Steel is an air-cooled system that will only use about 25,000 – 42,400 gallons per day." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "$30 million of the payment pledged to Yorkville School District 115", "source": "s3", "quote": "Within the check, $30 million is being pledged straight to Yorkville School District 115." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Rezone from R-1 Single-Family Suburban Residence District to M-2 General Manufacturing District", "source": "s1", "quote": "The proposal aims to rezone the parcels from R-1 Single-Family Suburban Residence District to M-2 General Manufacturing District to facilitate the development of a high-tech data center campus" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Yorkville City Council approved Project Steel; only Alderman Rusty Corneils voted no", "source": "s3", "quote": "The Project Steel project received approval votes from every council member except Alderman Rusty Corneils." }, { "field": "nearest_residence", "value": "1,670 feet from houses on Corneils Road", "source": "s3", "quote": "Project Steel is 1,670 feet from houses on Corneils Road." }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Developers aiming to begin construction by summer 2027", "source": "s2", "quote": "The developers are aiming to begin construction by the summer of 2027." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-03-24", "event": "Plans are reported for a 540-acre campus of 24 two-story data center buildings with a combined total of more than 9 million square feet", "source": "s5", "quote": "540-acre campus with 24 two-story data center buildings totaling more than 9 million square feet" }, { "date": "2026-03-24", "event": "Yorkville City Council approves Project Steel, with only Alderman Rusty Corneils voting no", "source": "s3", "quote": "The Project Steel project received approval votes from every council member except Alderman Rusty Corneils." }, { "date": "2026-05", "event": "The group suing over Project Cardinal files another lawsuit targeting the Project Steel campus", "source": "s4", "quote": "The group suing Yorkville City Hall over the Project Cardinal data center has filed another lawsuit, this time targeting the neighboring Project Steel data center campus." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Preserve Our Yorkville and Community lawsuit over Project Steel rezoning", "filed": "2026-05", "status": "pending", "summary": "The lawsuit contends the city did not give residents proper notice by mail and that the rezoning conflicts with the city's comprehensive plan, and it asks the court to declare that the rezoning is void.", "source": "s4", "quote": "The lawsuit argues that Yorkville City Hall failed to properly notify residents by mail and that the rezoning is inconsistent with the city's comprehensive plan. The suit asks the court to declare the rezoning void." } ], "issues": [ "Residents asked the council for a moratorium on data center approvals, citing cumulative sound, light and environmental impacts (s3)", "After feedback from ComEd, the developer increased the number of new electrical substations from three to four (s2)", "Construction is planned in three phases over 20 years (s2)", "Plaintiffs in the lawsuit include the Teska Family Farm and Yorkville residents (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Project Steel Data Center Campus (Annex Agreement, Rezone, Preliminary PUD & PUD)", "publisher": "United City of Yorkville", "url": "https://www.yorkville.il.us/905/Project-Steel-Data-Center-Campus-Annex-A", "date": "2026", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Yorkville could approve 2 more data center projects, including 540-acre Project Steel", "publisher": "Shaw Local", "url": "https://www.shawlocal.com/kendall-county-now/2026/03/23/yorkville-could-approve-2-more-data-center-projects-including-540-acre-project-steel/", "date": "2026-03-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "'Nobody wants to live in data center row' - Residents speak out after Yorkville approves 540-acre data center", "publisher": "Shaw Local", "url": "https://www.shawlocal.com/kendall-county-now/2026/03/26/nobody-wants-to-live-in-data-center-row-residents-speak-out-after-yorkville-approves-540-acre-data-center/", "date": "2026-03-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Group files second lawsuit over Yorkville data centers", "publisher": "WSPY News", "url": "https://www.wspynews.com/news/local/group-files-second-lawsuit-over-yorkville-data-centers/article_2f15a8db-25c4-45c5-bb84-c01c5aeb23ab.html", "date": "2026-05-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Two data center campuses totaling 38 buildings proposed in Yorkville, Illinois", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/two-data-center-campuses-totaling-38-buildings-proposed-in-yorkville-illinois/", "date": "2025-03-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Yorkville farm, residents sue to stop second massive data center project", "publisher": "CBS News Chicago", "url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/chicago/news/yorkville-farm-lawsuit-second-massive-data-center-project/", "date": "2026-05-29", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "project-tango-loxahatchee-palm-beach-county-fl", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-tango-loxahatchee-palm-beach-county-fl", "name": "Project Tango", "aka": [ "Central Park Commerce Center" ], "city": "Loxahatchee", "county": "Palm Beach County", "state": "FL", "lat": 26.6837, "lng": -80.2798, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "denied", "statusNote": "Palm Beach County Commission denied additional approvals 5-1 without prejudice on July 15, 2026; landowner PBA Holdings has appealed under Florida's land use dispute resolution law, which provides for a special magistrate hearing; prior 2016 entitlements remain", "developer": null, "endUsers": [], "summary": "Project Tango is a proposed AI data center on 200 acres at the Central Park Commerce Center on Southern Boulevard in Loxahatchee, near Arden in western Palm Beach County. The Palm Beach Post reported that WPB Logistics LLC, an Atlanta-based developer, was seeking to build it; Stet News reports that the rezoning request came from longtime landowner PBA Holdings and that WPB Logistics, backed by Atlanta's TPA Group, objected and sued to block it. On July 15, 2026, after a more than 12-hour meeting, county commissioners voted 5-1 to deny the requested additional approvals without prejudice; the site's existing warehouse and data center entitlements from 2016 are unaffected. PBA Holdings has appealed under Florida's Land Use and Environmental Dispute Resolution Act, and the county is set to take a final vote on a one-year moratorium on large-scale data centers on Sept. 24, 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 200, "source": "s1", "quote": "WPB Logistics LLC, an Atlanta-based developer, is seeking to build a large-scale AI-data center on 200 acres in Loxahatchee, along Southern Boulevard." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 1000000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "data center space, plus 1.9 million sq ft of warehouses, per Palm Beach Post", "source": "s1", "quote": "Project Tango would feature 1 million square feet of data center and 1.9 million square feet of warehouses." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 1800000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "nearly 1.8 million square feet, per WPTV", "source": "s2", "quote": "A proposed data center covering nearly 1.8 million square feet near Arden is raising significant environmental concerns among residents and advocacy groups" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Estimated 1.7 million gallons of water monthly (21 million gallons annually); would likely require water cooling systems", "source": "s2", "quote": "The facility is estimated to consume 1.7 million gallons of water monthly — totaling 21 million gallons annually." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Palm Beach County Commission voted 5-1 to deny without prejudice (July 15, 2026)", "source": "s4", "quote": "After a more than 12-hour meeting, Palm Beach County commissioners voted to deny the 'Project Tango' AI data center. In a 5-1 vote, the board approved the motion to deny the project without prejudice." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Existing approval for more than 2,000,000 sq ft of data center and warehouse space; applicant sought additional approvals", "source": "s4", "quote": "The project already holds approval for more than 2,000,000 square feet of data center and warehouse space." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2016", "event": "Central Park Commerce Center receives initial approvals that include data center buildings", "source": "s5", "quote": "Data center buildings have been part of the Central Park Commerce Center since its initial approvals in 2016." }, { "date": "2026-02", "event": "County hearing on Project Tango is postponed until April", "source": "s3", "quote": "Palm Beach County postponed a hearing for Project Tango until April to determine the fate of a 1.8-million square-foot data center near the Arden community." }, { "date": "2026-07-15", "event": "County Commission votes 5-1 to deny the project without prejudice", "source": "s4", "quote": "In a 5-1 vote, the board approved the motion to deny the project without prejudice." }, { "date": "2026-08-05", "event": "Landowner PBA Holdings appeals the County Commission's July 15 denial under Florida's Land Use and Environmental Dispute Resolution Act, which leads to a hearing before a special magistrate", "source": "s6", "quote": "PBA Holdings, the longtime landowner of the proposed AI hyperscale data center site, has filed an appeal of the County Commission's July 15 rejection of its rezoning request under the Florida Land Use and Environmental Dispute Resolution Act." }, { "date": "2026-08-06", "event": "PBA Holdings sues WPB Logistics and its attorneys", "source": "s6", "quote": "On top of the Aug. 5 filing with the county, PBA's Tampa-based attorney Ethan Loeb filed a 57-page lawsuit the next day against WPB Logistics and its attorneys." }, { "date": "2026-08-27", "event": "Palm Beach County commissioners vote 7-0 on first reading for a one-year moratorium on large-scale data centers (an anticipated monthly peak load of 50 megawatts or more), with a final vote set for Sept. 24", "source": "s7", "quote": "The unanimous 7-0 vote came after hearing from members of the public who all spoke in favor of the temporary ban." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents and advocacy groups raised concerns about water consumption and impacts on wildlife near protected land off Southern Boulevard (s2)", "Residents cited sound, water and power usage concerns (s4)", "WPB Logistics, backed by Atlanta's TPA Group, objected to PBA Holdings' rezoning request and sued to block it; PBA has since sued WPB Logistics (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "AI data center proposed in Palm Beach County. Here is what to know", "publisher": "Palm Beach Post (via AOL)", "url": "https://www.aol.com/news/ai-data-center-proposed-palm-191757556.html", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Activists worry data center proposal near Arden could drain massive amounts of water, energy", "publisher": "WPTV", "url": "https://www.wptv.com/wptv-investigates/activists-worry-data-center-proposal-near-arden-could-drain-massive-amounts-of-water-energy", "date": "2025-12-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Proposals for massive data centers are popping up across Florida. Are local governments prepared?", "publisher": "WUSF", "url": "https://wusf.org/text/environment/2026-02-16/proposals-massive-data-centers-across-florida-are-local-governments-prepared", "date": "2026-02-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "DENIED: Palm Beach County Commissioners vote against the 'Project Tango' AI data center", "publisher": "WPTV", "url": "https://www.wptv.com/news/region-c-palm-beach-county/loxahatchee-acreage/palm-beach-county-commissioners-to-vote-on-controversial-project-tango-ai-data-center-near-arden", "date": "2026-07-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Western Palm Beach County residents raise new concerns about Project Tango", "publisher": "WPTV", "url": "https://www.wptv.com/news/region-c-palm-beach-county/loxahatchee-acreage/western-palm-beach-county-residents-raise-new-concerns-about-project-tango", "date": "2026-02-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Project Tango Take 2: Next hearing would be before a special magistrate", "publisher": "Stet News", "url": "https://stetnews.org/2026/08/16/project-tango-take-2-next-hearing-would-be-before-a-special-magistrate/", "date": "2026-08-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Palm Beach Is Latest Florida County To Move Towards Data Center Moratorium", "publisher": "NewsRadio WIOD", "url": "https://wiod.iheart.com/featured/florida-news/content/2026-08-27-palm-beach-is-latest-florida-county-to-move-towards-data-center-moratorium/", "date": "2026-08-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Palm Beach County could be next local government to temporarily ban data centers", "publisher": "CBS12", "url": "https://cbs12.com/news/local/palm-beach-county-could-be-next-local-government-to-temporarily-ban-data-centers-project-tango-ai-artificial-intelligence-controversy-palm-beach-county-commission-florida-news", "date": "2026-08-26", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "pumpkin-technology-campus-harlem-ga", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/pumpkin-technology-campus-harlem-ga", "name": "Pumpkin Technology Campus", "aka": [ "Pumpkin Center Data Center", "Pumpkin Center" ], "city": "Harlem", "county": "Columbia County", "state": "GA", "lat": 33.4146, "lng": -82.3126, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Rezoning to Data Center district approved February 2026; resident appealing dismissal of his court challenge", "developer": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure (Piedmont DevCo LLC), with the Prather Company", "endUsers": [], "summary": "The Pumpkin Technology Campus is a data center campus proposed by Houston firm Cloverleaf Infrastructure, as Piedmont DevCo LLC, and the Prather Company on approximately 420 acres along I-20 and Appling Harlem Road in Harlem, Columbia County. Concept plans depict four data center buildings, two warehouses, an office and a substation. The Columbia County Board of Commissioners approved the rezoning 4-1 in February 2026; a resident's judicial review petition was dismissed with prejudice in March 2026, and he filed a notice of appeal in April.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 420, "unit": "acres", "note": "approximately; four parcels", "source": "s1", "quote": "DevCo applied to rezone a group of four parcels along I-20 and Appling Harlem Road owned by the Prather family, totaling approximately 420 acres" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 4, "note": "four data center buildings, each more than 717,000 sq ft, plus two 180,000 sq ft warehouses, an office and a substation (concept plans)", "source": "s1", "quote": "Concept plans for the Pumpkin Technology Campus depict four data center buildings, each more than 717,000 square feet, two 180,000-square foot warehouses, an office, a substation, several stormwater ponds and a buffer around the perimeter." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1000000000, "note": "value stated in rezoning application materials", "source": "s1", "quote": "from Planned Unit Development (PUD) to the new Data Center (D-C) district zoning for the development of the new facility, a project that the accompanying states is worth $1 billion." }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1500, "note": "approximately", "source": "s1", "quote": "will provide some 1,500 construction jobs, and employ between 200 to 300 people once in operation." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": "200-300", "note": "developer-stated range", "source": "s8", "quote": "The developer says the data center would employ 200-300 workers." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Rezoned from Planned Unit Development (PUD) to Data Center (D-C) district", "source": "s1", "quote": "totaling approximately 420 acres, from Planned Unit Development (PUD) to the new Data Center (D-C) district zoning for the development of the new facility" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Four parcels owned by the Prather family, located along I-20 and Appling Harlem Road", "source": "s1", "quote": "DevCo applied to rezone a group of four parcels along I-20 and Appling Harlem Road owned by the Prather family" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Columbia County Board of Commissioners approved the rezoning 4-1 in February 2026, Commissioner Allison Couch opposed; conditions raised buffers from 250 to 500 feet and berms from 6 to 12 feet", "source": "s4", "quote": "The Pumpkin Center project faced the most public opposition but was approved 4-1, with Commissioner Allison Couch voting against it." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-12", "event": "Piedmont DevCo LLC applies to rezone about 420 acres for the Pumpkin Technology Campus", "source": "s1", "quote": "DevCo applied to rezone a group of four parcels along I-20 and Appling Harlem Road owned by the Prather family, totaling approximately 420 acres" }, { "date": "2026-01", "event": "Columbia County Planning Commission votes 4-1 to recommend the Pumpkin Center and Byrd Farm data center projects", "source": "s3", "quote": "a 4-1 vote in support of the proposed projects, which encompass Pumpkin Center Data Center and Byrd Farm Data Center" }, { "date": "2026-02", "event": "Board of Commissioners approves the rezoning 4-1 with larger buffers and berms", "source": "s4", "quote": "increasing buffers from 250 to 500 feet, raising berms from 6 to 12 feet to block views, and prohibiting residential housing on the east side of Highway 221 near the center." }, { "date": "2026-02-25", "event": "Resident Gregory P. Guido Jr. files a judicial review petition challenging the Pumpkin Center rezoning", "source": "s6", "quote": "Gregory P. Guido Jr. filed both petitions on Feb. 25, within the required 30-day judicial review window." }, { "date": "2026-03-25", "event": "Superior Court order dismissing the Pumpkin Center petition with prejudice is signed and filed", "source": "s7", "quote": "Pumpkin Center rezoning — The notice states Guido is appealing an Order of Dismissal with Prejudice signed and filed March 25." }, { "date": "2026-04-13", "event": "Guido files notices of appeal of the dismissals", "source": "s7", "quote": "Gregory P. Guido Jr. filed three notices of appeal on April 13 in Columbia County Superior Court" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Gregory P. Guido Jr. petition for judicial review (Pumpkin Center rezoning)", "court": "Columbia County Superior Court; appeal to Georgia Court of Appeals", "filed": "2026-02-25", "status": "appealed", "summary": "Petition alleging conflicts with the county's comprehensive plan, procedural defects and incomplete analysis was dismissed with prejudice on March 25, 2026, and the petitioner filed a notice of appeal in April 2026.", "source": "s7", "quote": "Those petitions alleged issues including procedural defects, incomplete analysis and conflicts with the county's comprehensive plan." } ], "issues": [ "Residents raised health concerns about diesel generator emissions, noise and water use (s5)", "Greenpoint neighborhood residents say they bought homes expecting nearby shopping and restaurants under earlier development plans (s3)", "A resident's petition alleged the rezoning was approved despite an incomplete Development of Regional Impact review (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Data center project proposed along Appling Harlem Road", "publisher": "The Augusta Press", "url": "https://theaugustapress.com/data-center-project-proposed-along-appling-harlem-road/", "date": "2025-12-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Three proposals for data centers in Columbia County, Georgia, meet stiff opposition", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/three-proposals-for-data-centers-in-columbia-county-georgia-meet-stiff-opposition/", "date": "2026-01-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Columbia County data centers recommended for approval despite residents' concerns", "publisher": "WRDW", "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/01/15/residents-express-concerns-over-pumpkin-center-byrd-farm-proposals/", "date": "2026-01-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Columbia County approves 2 data centers, rejects 1", "publisher": "WRDW", "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/02/04/columbia-co-passes-one-data-center-others-be-voted/", "date": "2026-02-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Columbia County passes two out of three rezonings for data center requests amid persistent opposition", "publisher": "The Augusta Press", "url": "https://theaugustapress.com/columbia-county-passes-two-out-of-three-rezonings-for-data-center-requests-amid-persistent-opposition/", "date": "2026-02-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Citizen files lawsuits over Columbia County data centers", "publisher": "WRDW", "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/02/26/citizen-files-lawsuits-over-columbia-county-data-centers/", "date": "2026-02-25", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Citizen appeals dismissals of Columbia County data center rezoning lawsuits", "publisher": "WRDW", "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/04/16/citizen-appeals-dismissals-columbia-county-data-center-rezoning-lawsuits/", "date": "2026-04-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "2 more data centers now being proposed in Columbia County", "publisher": "WALB", "url": "https://www.walb.com/2025/12/17/2-more-data-centers-now-being-proposed-columbia-county/", "date": "2025-12-17", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "qts-augusta-ga", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/qts-augusta-ga", "name": "QTS Augusta Data Center Campus", "aka": [ "Project Eisenhower" ], "city": "Augusta", "county": "Augusta-Richmond County", "state": "GA", "lat": 33.47, "lng": -81.975, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Site clearing began in 2026; QTS says site plans remain under city review and expects its first building in spring 2028", "developer": "QTS Data Centers", "endUsers": [], "summary": "QTS Data Centers is developing a six-building data center campus, which it says is a $2 billion investment, at 2883 Gordon Highway in west Augusta, between the Haynes Station and Captain's Corner neighborhoods. The site was first rezoned in 2022 for a smaller T5 Data Centers project, and developer Eagle South LLC won approval for an expanded version in June 2024. Tree clearing began in 2026 and local news describes the campus as under construction, while QTS says detailed site plans are still under city review and expects its first building to be completed in spring 2028. Augusta's 2026 pause on new data centers does not apply to the project, and several neighbors say they did not know about it until local news reported on it.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 2000000000, "note": "QTS figure", "source": "s16", "quote": "This project represents a $2 billion QTS investment that will have a transformative impact on Augusta, supporting its growth and development." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 6, "note": "constructed over several phases", "source": "s16", "quote": "The project will include six buildings, constructed over several phases, with the first building expected to be completed in spring 2028." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": "almost 2.2 million", "unit": "sq ft", "note": "revised project in the state Development of Regional Impact filing; six two-story buildings", "source": "s7", "quote": "The DRI mentions a 'revised project' consisting of six two-story buildings and a total of almost 2.2 million square feet of warehouse and office space." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": "more than 1.4 million", "unit": "sq ft", "note": "figure the applicants gave the planning commission in June 2024; differs from the DRI figure", "source": "s3", "quote": "The proposed facility would consist of six buildings, totaling more than 1.4 million square feet, and would employ between 160 and 220 people, according to the applicants." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 165.21, "unit": "acres", "note": "parcel rezoned in 2024", "source": "s3", "quote": "Property owner Vitrified Brick & Clay Co. and developer Eagle South LLC petitioned to rezone 2883 Gordon Highway from Agricultural and General Business to only General Business, planning to build a data center on the 165.21-acre parcel." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": "approximately 160 to 220", "note": "QTS figure, including jobs with tenants; the same QTS page also estimates around 45 permanent jobs", "source": "s16", "quote": "Once operational, we project approximately 160 to 220 permanent, on‑site jobs, including positions with QTS as well as jobs with the companies that lease space within the data center." }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1000, "note": "roughly, over several years", "source": "s8", "quote": "The Augusta project would include six buildings going up over several years, bringing roughly 1,000 construction jobs over time and an estimated 160 to 220 permanent jobs once operational." }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 18000, "unit": "gallons per day", "note": "per the state application; a May 2026 report describes 18,000 gallons a day for each of six buildings (s10)", "source": "s4", "quote": "The application states the facility is expected to consume 18,000 gallons of water per day." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "source": "s16", "quote": "QTS data centers are built with a closed-loop cooling system that does not consume water for cooling, once operational." }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First building expected to be completed in spring 2028", "source": "s16", "quote": "The project will include six buildings, constructed over several phases, with the first building expected to be completed in spring 2028." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "General Business (B-2); rezoned from Agricultural (A) and Manufactured Home Residential (R-MH) in 2022", "source": "s5", "quote": "In 2022, T5 successfully petitioned to rezone the property from Agricultural (A) and Manufactured Home Residential (R-MH) to General Business (B-2) to make way for the facility." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Augusta Planning Commission voted unanimously on June 3, 2024 to recommend rezoning for the expanded project", "source": "s3", "quote": "The Augusta Planning Commission unanimously voted in favor of a prospective data center project on Gordon Highway during its meeting Monday afternoon, but not without deliberation and some contention." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Augusta Utilities", "note": "per the state application as reported", "source": "s4", "quote": "The application says there's sufficient supply from Augusta Utilities." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2022", "event": "T5 Data Centers wins rezoning of the property to General Business (B-2) for a smaller data center", "source": "s5", "quote": "In 2022, T5 successfully petitioned to rezone the property from Agricultural (A) and Manufactured Home Residential (R-MH) to General Business (B-2) to make way for the facility." }, { "date": "2024-03", "event": "Eagle South LLC files a state Development of Regional Impact application for an expanded campus called Project Eisenhower", "source": "s1", "quote": "Eagle South LLC has filed for a data center campus known as Project Eisenhower." }, { "date": "2024-06", "event": "Eagle South LLC and landowner Vitrified Brick & Clay Co. receive county approval for the expanded development", "source": "s5", "quote": "In June of 2024, succeeding developer Eagle South LLC, alongside former landowners Vitrified Brick & Clay Co., received approval from Richmond County for an expanded version of the development." }, { "date": "2024-06-03", "event": "Augusta Planning Commission unanimously recommends rezoning the 165.21-acre parcel at 2883 Gordon Highway", "source": "s3", "quote": "The Augusta Planning Commission unanimously voted in favor of a prospective data center project on Gordon Highway during its meeting Monday afternoon, but not without deliberation and some contention." }, { "date": "2026-02-03", "event": "QTS presents the project to the Augusta Commission, saying it plans to invest $2 billion", "source": "s6", "quote": "The company gave a presentation, starting with economic development and saying it plans to invest $2 billion in the center at 2883 Gordon Highway." }, { "date": "2026-02-11", "event": "QTS and residents meet at a town hall at Belair Elementary", "source": "s8", "quote": "A town hall meeting Wednesday night at Belair Elementary brought together angry residents and the developers of a data center planned between the Hayne's Station and Captain's Corner neighborhoods near Fort Gordon." }, { "date": "2026-06-01", "event": "WGAC reports that crews have begun clearing trees and brush from the site", "source": "s11", "quote": "Crews have started clearing trees and brush at the site." }, { "date": "2026-06-02", "event": "Augusta Commission imposes a 49-day pause on new data centers that does not apply to the QTS project", "source": "s12", "quote": "The Augusta Commission on Tuesday imposed a 49-day pause on new data centers, but it doesn't apply to the one that's stirring up controversy." }, { "date": "2026-09-09", "event": "Augusta releases a final draft data center ordinance that would not apply to the QTS campus", "source": "s15", "quote": "The draft ordinance would not apply to the QTS data center already under construction on Gordon Highway near the Haynes Station neighborhood, which received its zoning approvals before the moratorium on new applications took effect." }, { "date": "2026-09-15", "event": "The Augusta Commission approves rules governing new data centers, 6-5, ending the city’s almost three-month moratorium", "source": "s17", "quote": "Augusta commissioners narrowly approved rules to govern new data centers Tuesday, ending an almost three-month moratorium that some said wasn't long enough." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Several neighbors say they did not know about the project until News 12 reported on it (s8)", "Residents want clarity on the data center's size and its impact on traffic, noise and wetlands (s8)", "The environmental section of the state application says the project is likely to affect the water supply watershed, wetlands and floodplains (s6)", "Neighbors cite a lack of transparency and communication from city leaders and the developer (s13)", "As of May 2026, grading permits were under review, building permits had not been issued, and Army Corps of Engineers approvals for wetland impacts were still required (s9)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Plans filed to expand former T5 campus site in Augusta, Georgia", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/plans-filed-to-expand-former-t5-campus-site-in-augusta-georgia/", "date": "2024-03-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Rezoning request on Gordon Highway tract could bring back data center project", "publisher": "The Augusta Press", "url": "https://theaugustapress.com/rezoning-request-on-gordon-highway-tract-could-bring-back-data-center-project/", "date": "2024-05-30", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Augusta Planning Commission votes to recommend rezoning for data center on Gordon Highway", "publisher": "The Augusta Press", "url": "https://theaugustapress.com/augusta-planning-commission-vote-to-recommend-rezoning-for-data-center-on-gordon-highway/", "date": "2024-06-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Flying under radar, new data center will be twice as big as Augusta Mall", "publisher": "WRDW/WAGT News 12", "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2025/12/26/flying-under-radar-new-data-center-will-twice-big-augusta-mall/", "date": "2025-12-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Augusta data center project still underway", "publisher": "The Augusta Press", "url": "https://theaugustapress.com/augusta-data-center-project-still-underway/", "date": "2025-12-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Augusta leaders hear about data center that came as a shock to neighbors", "publisher": "WRDW/WAGT News 12", "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/02/03/augusta-leaders-hear-about-data-center-that-came-shock-neighbors/", "date": "2026-02-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "QTS unveils more about Gordon Highway data project", "publisher": "The Augusta Press", "url": "https://theaugustapress.com/qts-unveils-more-about-gordon-highway-data-project/", "date": "2026-02-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "‘It’s a lot of unknowns’: Augusta data center meeting draws concerned neighbors", "publisher": "WRDW/WAGT News 12", "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/02/11/augusta-data-center-meeting-draws-concerned-neighbors/", "date": "2026-02-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Data center developer responds to neighbors' concerns in Augusta", "publisher": "WRDW/WAGT News 12", "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/05/06/qts-data-center-developer-responds-haynes-station-neighborhood-concerns/?outputType=amp", "date": "2026-05-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Luncheon provides information on QTS data center project in Augusta", "publisher": "WRDW/WAGT News 12", "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/05/28/luncheon-provides-information-qts-data-center-project-augusta/", "date": "2026-05-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "QTS Facility in Augusta Draws Questions About Water Use and Local Impact", "publisher": "WGAC", "url": "https://wgac.com/2026/06/01/qts-facility-in-augusta-draws-questions-about-water-use-and-local-impact/", "date": "2026-06-01", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s12", "title": "Augusta puts a hold on data centers — except the one that’s riled up neighbors", "publisher": "WRDW/WAGT News 12", "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/06/02/augustans-urge-city-leaders-put-data-centers-hold/", "date": "2026-06-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s13", "title": "WATCH LIVE: Community meeting on data center planned near Haynes Station", "publisher": "WRDW/WAGT News 12", "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/06/22/meeting-set-this-week-data-center-near-haynes-station/", "date": "2026-06-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s14", "title": "Augusta Commission faces data center vote amid growing community pushback", "publisher": "WRDW/WAGT News 12", "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/07/20/augusta-commission-faces-data-center-vote-amid-growing-community-pushback/", "date": "2026-07-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s15", "title": "Here's what's in Augusta's final plan for data centers", "publisher": "WRDW/WAGT News 12", "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/09/09/augusta-releases-final-draft-proposed-data-center-ordinance/", "date": "2026-09-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s16", "title": "Augusta, Georgia Data Center Campus | QTS Data Centers", "publisher": "QTS Data Centers", "url": "https://q.com/data-centers/augusta/", "date": null, "type": "company" }, { "id": "s17", "title": "Augusta data center ordinance passes 6-5", "publisher": "The Augusta Press", "url": "https://theaugustapress.com/augusta-data-center-ordinance-passes-6-5/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-09-16" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-24" }, { "slug": "qts-deforest-dane-county-wi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/qts-deforest-dane-county-wi", "name": "QTS DeForest Data Center Campus", "aka": [], "city": "DeForest", "county": "Dane County", "state": "WI", "lat": 43.2478, "lng": -89.3437, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "cancelled", "statusNote": "DeForest Village Board voted 7-0 on Feb. 3, 2026 to reject the annexation; QTS withdrew its applications", "developer": "QTS Data Centers", "endUsers": [], "summary": "QTS Data Centers proposed a $12 billion, 1,600-acre data center campus just outside DeForest, Wisconsin, on land in the Town of Vienna it sought to annex into the village. After resident opposition and a state Department of Administration report, village staff found the project not feasible, QTS withdrew its applications, and the Village Board voted 7-0 on Feb. 3, 2026 to reject the annexation.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 12000000000, "source": "s3", "quote": "A proposed $12 billion, 1,600-acre data center campus just outside of DeForest that received mounting pushback from residents has hit a dead end after village staff members determined the project is not feasible." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1600, "source": "s3", "quote": "A proposed $12 billion, 1,600-acre data center campus just outside of DeForest" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1572.5, "unit": "acres", "note": "land proposed for annexation from the Town of Vienna", "source": "s5", "quote": "The 7–0 vote stops the direct annexation of 1,572.5 acres of land from the Town of Vienna, a key step required for the large-scale data center proposal." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "$50 million community commitment within Dane County, with direct investments to DeForest and Vienna", "source": "s1", "quote": "QTS said it would make 'an initial $50 million community commitment' within the county, with direct investments going to DeForest and Vienna." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Draft deal included a $1.2 billion guaranteed taxable property value", "source": "s2", "quote": "A guaranteed amount of taxable property value for the data center of $1.2 billion, which would be worth an estimated $12 million annually" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Draft agreement committed to drawing 45% of energy from renewable resources", "source": "s2", "quote": "The agreement included a commitment that the data center would draw 45% of its energy from solar, wind or other renewable resources" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "DeForest Village Board voted 7-0 on Feb. 3, 2026 to reject the annexation", "source": "s5", "quote": "The DeForest Village Board voted unanimously Tuesday, February 3 to reject a proposed annexation tied to the QTS data center development, ending the project's path forward in the village." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-10-30", "event": "QTS announces plans for a data center campus in Dane County and a $50 million community commitment", "source": "s1", "quote": "QTS said it plans to submit a zoning application to the DeForest Village Board in November." }, { "date": "2026-01-09", "event": "Wisconsin Department of Administration report finds the annexation not in the public interest", "source": "s3", "quote": "A Jan. 9 report from the Wisconsin Department of Administration, which said QTS's annexation to DeForest was not in the public's interest, also helped staff determine the project was no longer possible." }, { "date": "2026-01-27", "event": "Village staff determine the proposal is not feasible and recommend rejecting the annexation petition", "source": "s4", "quote": "After individual discussions with the Village Board trustees, Village staff have determined that QTS's data center proposal is not feasible in DeForest." }, { "date": "2026-02-03", "event": "DeForest Village Board votes 7-0 to reject the annexation; QTS had withdrawn its plan amendment and rezoning applications", "source": "s5", "quote": "After the recommendation was released, Chang said the village received a letter from QTS withdrawing its applications for a comprehensive plan amendment and rezoning." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents opposed the project over concerns about the environment, utility bills, property values and the character of the town (s3)", "The state report raised concerns about whether the village could provide water and sewer service to the area (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "QTS plans to propose multibillion-dollar data center campus in Dane County", "publisher": "Spectrum News 1", "url": "https://spectrumnews1.com/wi/milwaukee/news/2025/10/30/qts-data-centers-dane-county", "date": "2025-10-30", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Rejected Wisconsin data center proposal had guaranteed tax revenue, housing", "publisher": "Wisconsin Watch", "url": "https://wisconsinwatch.org/2026/08/wisconsin-deforest-data-center-deal-guaranteed-tax-revenue-river-improvements-affordable-housing/", "date": "2026-08-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "'Finally able to breathe': DeForest data center critics get their wish", "publisher": "The Cap Times", "url": "https://captimes.com/news/government/finally-able-to-breathe-deforest-data-center-critics-get-their-wish/article_f2959453-4dbc-4341-a81c-7b4c00114131.html", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Village of DeForest Statement", "publisher": "Village of DeForest", "url": "https://deforestwi.gov/m/newsflash/Home/Detail/75", "date": "2026-01-27", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Village of DeForest board unanimously rejects annexation tied to QTS data center", "publisher": "WKOW", "url": "https://www.wkow.com/news/top-stories/village-of-deforest-board-unanimously-rejects-annexation-tied-to-qts-data-center/article_99466eb5-860f-4072-af23-4bd063bce2e9.html", "date": "2026-02-03", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "qts-van-wert-oh", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/qts-van-wert-oh", "name": "QTS Van Wert Data Center Campus", "aka": [ "Van Wert Mega Site data center" ], "city": "Van Wert", "county": "Van Wert County", "state": "OH", "lat": 40.8695, "lng": -84.5841, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Van Wert City Council passed three annexation and rezoning ordinances 6-0, per WANE; QTS announced on May 29, 2026 that it had acquired the project.", "developer": "QTS Data Centers", "endUsers": [], "summary": "QTS plans a seven-building data center campus on 902 acres of a roughly 1,500-acre megasite in northwest Van Wert, Ohio, with up to $10 billion of investment, per QTS. Thor Equities bought part of the site in late 2025; QTS acquired it in May 2026. QTS does not publish a power figure and says the building phase would take 5 to 6 years.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 902, "unit": "acres", "note": "planned campus, per QTS", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 7, "note": "planned data center buildings", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 10000000000, "note": "\"up to $10 billion\", per QTS", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1500, "note": "more than 1,500 over a 5-6 year build, per QTS", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 200, "note": "up to 200 full-time QTS positions, depending on final design", "source": "s1" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-05", "event": "Council approves three ordinances to annex and rezone the site, 6-0 (WANE page shows no date)", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-05-04", "event": "Van Wert City Council holds a public hearing on a proposed $10 billion data center on the megasite that Thor Equities bought part of in late 2025", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-05-29", "event": "City leaders announce that QTS has acquired the proposed $10 billion project", "source": "s4" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents at the May 4 hearing raised environmental effects and asked whether the community impact had been studied enough (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "QTS Data Center Campus, Van Wert, Ohio", "publisher": "QTS Data Centers", "url": "https://q.com/data-centers/van-wert/", "date": "2026-05-29", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Van Wert leaders hold public hearing on potential $10B data center", "publisher": "21Alive News", "url": "https://21alivenews.com/2026/05/05/van-wert-leaders-hold-public-hearing-potential-10b-data-center", "date": "2026-05-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Van Wert City Council approves rezoning of $10B data center site", "publisher": "WANE", "url": "https://www.wane.com/top-stories/van-wert-city-council-approves-rezoning-of-10b-data-center-site/amp/", "date": "2026-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "QTS acquires Van Wert’s proposed $10B data center project", "publisher": "21Alive News", "url": "https://21alivenews.com/2026/05/29/qts-acquires-van-werts-proposed-10b-data-center-project/", "date": "2026-05-29", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-06" }, { "slug": "qts-york-county-sc", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/qts-york-county-sc", "name": "QTS York County Data Center Campus", "aka": [], "city": "Lake Wylie", "county": "York County", "state": "SC", "lat": 35.1085, "lng": -81.0431, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "First building expected operational by 2028", "developer": "QTS Data Centers", "endUsers": [], "summary": "QTS Data Centers is building a data center campus, first announced in 2023 as a $1 billion investment, near Lake Wylie in unincorporated York County, South Carolina, close to Hands Mill Highway and Campbell Road. QTS now describes an $8 billion project of about nine buildings, with the first expected to be operational by 2028. Nearby residents have raised concerns about construction blasting, noise and water and electricity use.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1000000000, "note": "as announced in 2023", "source": "s1", "quote": "The $1 billion investment is the company's first South Carolina facility and will help establish a technology hub in York County." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 8000000000, "note": "figure cited in 2026 community meetings", "source": "s4", "quote": "Officials responded to more than 50 questions from residents about the $8 billion data center project, located near Hands Mill Highway and Campbell Road." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 9, "note": "about nine", "source": "s4", "quote": "QTS is continuing to evaluate future opportunities to expand the campus beyond what's already approved, but now we're looking at about nine buildings that are going to be situated there." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 200, "source": "s4", "quote": "Aside from approximately 1,000 construction jobs while the site is being developed, QTS expects to hire 200 full-time permanent employees at the data center." }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1000, "note": "approximately", "source": "s4", "quote": "Aside from approximately 1,000 construction jobs while the site is being developed" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop (sealed system after initial fill of about 600,000 gallons)", "source": "s4", "quote": "After an initial fill of about 600,000 gallons of water, the QTS cooling system is sealed and that same water remains in use for the life cycle of the system." }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First building operational by 2028", "source": "s4", "quote": "The first building is expected to be operational by 2028, and the second round of construction will begin in 2027 so that multiple phases overlap." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "$200,000 Set-Aside grant to York County from the Coordinating Council for Economic Development for site preparation", "source": "s1", "quote": "The Coordinating Council for Economic Development awarded a $200,000 Set-Aside grant to York County to assist with the costs of site preparation." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-09-19", "event": "Governor's office announces QTS's $1 billion York County campus", "source": "s1", "quote": "The QTS campus, which will be located near Hands Mill Highway and Campbell Road in unincorporated York County" }, { "date": "2025", "event": "QTS purchases a second 400 acres nearby with no announced plans", "source": "s2", "quote": "purchased a second 400 acres at the end of last year but told residents it doesn't currently have plans for the additional land" }, { "date": "2026-02-10", "event": "QTS holds a community meeting with residents as construction continues", "source": "s3", "quote": "Tuesday was a chance for residents to sit down with QTS leaders to hear more about their plans and to share what they would like to see." }, { "date": "2026-03-10", "event": "Construction of the center off Hands Mill Highway is underway", "source": "s2", "quote": "QTS, a company with more than 90 data centers across the country, is constructing a $1 billion center off Hands Mill Highway (S.C. Highway 274) in unincorporated York County near Lake Wylie" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents reported construction blasting shaking houses and work hours starting at 5:30 a.m. (s3)", "A resident petition had nearly 800 signatures as of February 2026 (s3)", "Residents' questions focused on water and electricity usage (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "QTS Data Centers establishing first South Carolina operations in York County", "publisher": "Office of S.C. Governor Henry McMaster", "url": "https://governor.sc.gov/news/2023-09/qts-data-centers-establishing-first-south-carolina-operations-york-county", "date": "2023-09-19", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Data center proposals on the decline, according to SC utility companies", "publisher": "SC Daily Gazette", "url": "https://scdailygazette.com/2026/03/10/data-center-proposals-on-the-decline-according-to-sc-utility-companies/", "date": "2026-03-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Residents share concerns as new data center being built in York County", "publisher": "WBTV", "url": "https://www.wbtv.com/2026/02/11/residents-share-concerns-new-data-center-being-built-york-county/", "date": "2026-02-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Data center reps respond to questions about $8B York County data center at latest community meeting", "publisher": "The Post and Courier", "url": "https://www.postandcourier.com/york-county/news/qts-data-center-york-county-community-meeting/article_fb2c12f3-d1a8-41eb-bd58-d89d8dfb92d5.html", "date": "2026-05-14", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "rowan-project-temple-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/rowan-project-temple-tx", "name": "Rowan Digital Infrastructure Temple Campus", "aka": [], "city": "Temple", "county": "Bell County", "state": "TX", "lat": 31.0982, "lng": -97.3428, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Temple City Council approved the Bob White Road project in September 2025, per KBTX. A sixth Temple building, Lasso, awaits zoning, per KWTX.", "developer": "Rowan Digital Infrastructure", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Rowan Digital Infrastructure has a multi-building data center campus in Temple, Texas. Its Bob White Road project, about 700 acres and $700 million, won unanimous city council approval in September 2025. In August 2026 Rowan asked for approval of a sixth and final building, Lasso, as a relocated building; KWTX reports four of the six buildings are under construction. KWTX says residents have raised concerns about water, electricity, noise and infrastructure.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 700, "unit": "acres", "note": "Bob White Road project", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 700000000, "note": "Bob White Road project, per KBTX", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 6, "note": "planned across the Temple campus, with Lasso as the sixth, per KWTX", "source": "s2" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09", "event": "Temple City Council unanimously approves Rowan's $700 million Bob White Road data center project", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-08-12", "event": "Rowan seeks approval of Lasso, a sixth and final Temple data center; Planning and Zoning review set for Aug 17 and council in September", "source": "s2" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents have raised concerns about water, electricity, noise and infrastructure, per KWTX (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "New $700 million data center in Temple will be near Robinson Family Farm", "publisher": "KBTX", "url": "https://www.kbtx.com/2025/10/07/new-700-million-data-center-temple-will-be-near-robinson-family-farm/", "date": "2025-10-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Rowan Digital Infrastructure seeks approval for 6th and final data center in Temple", "publisher": "KWTX", "url": "https://www.kwtx.com/2026/08/12/rowan-digital-infrastructure-seeks-approval-6th-final-data-center-temple/", "date": "2026-08-12", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-11-06" }, { "slug": "aws-salem-township-susquehanna-pa", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/aws-salem-township-susquehanna-pa", "name": "Salem Township Innovation Campus", "aka": [ "Cumulus data center campus", "Amazon Susquehanna campus" ], "city": "Salem Township", "county": "Luzerne County", "state": "PA", "lat": 41.2459, "lng": -75.8813, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Amazon lists the campus as under active construction since October 2025; commissioning dates not yet set", "developer": "Amazon Web Services", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Amazon is building a campus on 1,200 acres next to the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station nuclear plant. Amazon expects the campus to hold 20 data centers and support about 1,000 permanent jobs when fully built. Talen Energy has a 1,920-MW power purchase agreement with AWS running through 2042. Construction started in October 2025.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 1200, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1", "quote": "1,200 acres" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 20, "note": "data centers anticipated at full build-out", "source": "s1", "quote": "When fully constructed, Amazon anticipates that the campus will contain 20 data centers" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 1000, "note": "approximately", "source": "s1", "quote": "support approximately 1,000 permanent jobs" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": "At least $20 billion, Amazon's statewide Pennsylvania commitment", "note": "statewide commitment that also covers the Falls Township campus, not this campus alone", "source": "s1", "quote": "Amazon is planning to invest at least $20 billion" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Susquehanna nuclear plant via a 1,920-MW Talen Energy power purchase agreement running through 2042", "source": "s4", "quote": "Talen Energy has entered into a 1,920-MW power purchase agreement with Amazon Web Services to supply data centers in Pennsylvania from the independent power producer's majority-owned Susquehanna nuclear power plant." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "PPL Electric Utilities (transmission and delivery); Talen Energy as retail power supplier", "source": "s4", "quote": "Talen will act as the retail power supplier to AWS, and PPL Electric Utilities will be responsible for transmission and delivery." }, { "field": "grid_operator", "value": "PJM", "source": "s6", "quote": "Chairman Phillips' Dissent in PJM's Susquehanna Co-Location Proposal, ER24-2172" }, { "field": "utility_docket", "value": "FERC Docket ER24-2172 (amended Susquehanna interconnection service agreement)", "source": "s6", "quote": "Chairman Phillips' Dissent in PJM's Susquehanna Co-Location Proposal, ER24-2172" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Susquehanna River, via Talen Energy's existing infrastructure and withdrawal docket", "source": "s1", "quote": "Amazon is working alongside Talen Energy to source water Talen's existing infrastructure and withdrawal docket from the Susquehanna River" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Outside-air cooling most of the year; water-based cooling less than 2% of the year", "source": "s1", "quote": "Amazon expects to use outside cooling for most of the year and only use water-based cooling for less than 2% of the year" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-03", "event": "Amazon pays Talen Energy $650 million for its Cumulus data center campus", "source": "s3", "quote": "In March 2024, Amazon kicked off the development by purchasing the Cumulus Data center campus from Talen Energy for $650 million." }, { "date": "2024-11-01", "event": "FERC rejects an amended interconnection agreement that would have raised the behind-the-meter connection to 480 MW from 300 MW", "source": "s5", "quote": "increased the behind-the-meter connection between the power plant and the co-located data center to 480 MW from 300 MW in the existing ISA" }, { "date": "2025-06-09", "event": "Amazon announces at least $20 billion for data center complexes in Pennsylvania, including the Salem Township site", "source": "s2", "quote": "at least $20 billion in the construction of multiple data center complexes" }, { "date": "2025-06-11", "event": "Talen and AWS sign a 1,920-MW PPA; the existing 300-MW co-location arrangement moves to a front-of-the-meter framework", "source": "s4", "quote": "Under the PPA, Talen's existing 300-MW co-location arrangement with AWS will shift to a 'front of the meter' framework that doesn't require Federal Energy Regulatory Commission approval." }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Construction starts", "source": "s1", "quote": "October 2025 Construction Starts" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Salem Township Innovation Campus - Amazon Innovation Campuses in Pennsylvania", "publisher": "Amazon", "url": "https://www.amazoninnovationinpa.com/salem-township-innovation-campus/", "date": "2026-09-08", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Amazon will spend $20 billion to build two data centers in Pennsylvania", "publisher": "The Philadelphia Inquirer", "url": "https://www.inquirer.com/business/amazon-data-centers-pennsylvania-20250609.html", "date": "2025-06-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Developers tout impacts of 3 data center campuses; Zoning meeting set for Wednesday on 4-3 Glenbrook Group project", "publisher": "Times Leader", "url": "https://www.timesleader.com/news/1752841/developers-tout-impacts-of-3-data-center-campuses-zoning-meeting-set-for-wednesday-on-4-3-glenbrook-group-project", "date": "2026-08-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Talen to sell Amazon 1.9 GW from Susquehanna nuclear plant", "publisher": "Utility Dive", "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/talen-amazon-aws-susquehanna-nuclear-data-centert/750440/", "date": "2025-06-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "FERC rejects interconnection pact for Talen-Amazon data center deal at nuclear plant", "publisher": "Utility Dive", "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/ferc-interconnection-isa-talen-amazon-data-center-susquehanna-exelon/731841/", "date": "2024-11-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Chairman Phillips' Dissent in PJM's Susquehanna Co-Location Proposal, ER24-2172", "publisher": "Federal Energy Regulatory Commission", "url": "https://www.ferc.gov/news-events/news/chairman-phillips-dissent-pjms-susquehanna-co-location-proposal-er24-2172", "date": "2024-11-01", "type": "government" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "sentinel-green-fig-east-whiteland-pa", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/sentinel-green-fig-east-whiteland-pa", "name": "Sentinel / Green Fig Data Center", "aka": [ "East Whiteland Data Center", "Project Forge PA" ], "city": "Malvern", "county": "Chester County", "state": "PA", "lat": 40.0362, "lng": -75.5138, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "paused", "statusNote": "Township stop-work order issued Aug. 26, 2026 pending Aqua water 'will serve' confirmation", "developer": "Green Fig LLC and Sentinel Data Centers", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Green Fig LLC and Sentinel Data Centers plan a 1.5 million-square-foot data center at 13 S. Bacton Hill Road in East Whiteland Township, on 79 acres of the former Foote Mineral Co. Superfund site. The project holds 2018 zoning and 2024 land development approvals, which a county judge upheld in June 2026, but construction has been halted twice by township stop-work orders. The township is also pursuing a municipal curative zoning amendment on data centers.", "facts": [ { "field": "sqft", "value": 1500000, "note": "two buildings of about 772,000 sq ft each as approved; developers briefly offered a 536,000 sq ft air-cooled alternative, then withdrew it", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 79, "unit": "acres", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 2, "source": "s3" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "PECO (electric); Aqua (water)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "13 South Bacton Hill Road, near the intersection of Swedesford Road and South Bacton Hill Road, adjacent to the PECO Planebrook Substation", "source": "s7", "quote": "The site is located at 13 South Bacton Hill Road, near the intersection of Swedesford Road and South Bacton Hill Road adjacent to the PECO Planebrook Substation." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "Diesel standby generators", "source": "s7", "quote": "Your responses also indicated that the proposed reuse will involve the use of materials including diesel for standby generators, oils/refrigerants, and batteries." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-02-26", "event": "Zoning Hearing Board decision permits data center use", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2024-06-12", "event": "Board of Supervisors grants preliminary land development approval (Resolution 26-2024).", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2024-08-14", "event": "Board of Supervisors grants final land development approval (Resolution 30-2024)", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-03-31", "event": "Board of Supervisors votes unanimously to begin a curative amendment process for data center zoning, which does not affect this pending project.", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-06-11", "event": "Chester County judge denies residents' appeals of project approvals", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "Township issues first stop-work order over soil and health/safety plans; work resumes by end of July", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-08-03", "event": "Developers withdraw offer to downsize to 536,000 sq ft and switch to air chillers", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-08-26", "event": "Township issues second stop-work order pending Aqua confirmation of water availability", "source": "s5" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Residents' land use appeals of Sentinel/Green Fig approvals (2018 zoning hearing board decision and 2024 final land development approval)", "court": "Chester County Court of Common Pleas", "filed": null, "status": "dismissed", "summary": "Judge Anthony Verwey quashed/denied two appeals by nearby residents challenging the 2018 zoning permit and the 2024 land development approval.", "source": "s2", "quote": "Calling it \"frivolous,\" a Chester County judge on Thursday quashed a land use appeal seeking to halt the construction of a 1.5 million-square-foot data center proposed for East Whiteland Township. It's the second time this week Court of Common Pleas Judge Anthony Verwey has denied appeals challenging approvals" } ], "issues": [ "Residents object to building on the Foote Mineral Superfund site, contaminated with lithium, arsenic, hexavalent chromium and low-level radiation (s4)", "Neighbors in Malvern Hunt cite proximity to homes and the Chester Valley Trail (s2)", "Township requires confirmation that sufficient water is committed to the project (s3, s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Sentinel, Green Fig Data Center on Swedesford Road", "publisher": "East Whiteland Township", "url": "https://www.eastwhiteland.org/government/departments/planning_development/sentinel,_green_fig_data_center_on_swedesford_road.php", "date": "2026-09", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Judge denies challenges to a 1.5 million-square-foot East Whiteland data center project", "publisher": "The Philadelphia Inquirer", "url": "https://www.inquirer.com/news/pennsylvania/east-whiteland-data-center-judge-denial-challenges-20260611.html", "date": "2026-06-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The controversial East Whiteland data center project has been issued its second stop-work order", "publisher": "The Philadelphia Inquirer", "url": "https://www.inquirer.com/news/pennsylvania/east-whiteland-data-center-superfund-stop-work-20260827.html", "date": "2026-08-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "East Whiteland Data Center Construction Halted Over Superfund Site Concerns", "publisher": "VISTA Today", "url": "https://vista.today/2026/08/east-whiteland-data-center-superfund-site/", "date": "2026-08-01", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "East Whiteland Halts Data Center Work Over Water Approval", "publisher": "MyChesCo", "url": "https://www.mychesco.com/a/news/government/east-whiteland-halts-data-center-work-over-water-approval/", "date": "2026-08-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Cure Timeline Updated", "publisher": "East Whiteland Township", "url": "https://cms2.revize.com/revize/eastwhitelandtownshippa/Planning%20&%20Development/Ordinance/Cure_Timeline_Updated%20.pdf", "date": "2026-09", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "FAQ from the East Whiteland Township Board of Supervisors Regarding the Sentinel, Green Fig Data Center", "publisher": "East Whiteland Township", "url": "https://cms2.revize.com/revize/eastwhitelandtownshippa/Planning%20&%20Development/Website%20Short%20FAQ%202024%20plan%20(004)(3974869.1).pdf", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "East Whiteland will revise its data center zoning ordinance, as the public pushes back on a 1.6 million-square-foot proposal", "publisher": "The Philadelphia Inquirer", "url": "https://www.inquirer.com/news/pennsylvania/east-whiteland-data-center-zoning-20260401.html", "type": "news", "date": "2026-04-01" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "spring-valley-technology-park-loudoun-county-va", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/spring-valley-technology-park-loudoun-county-va", "name": "Spring Valley Technology Park", "aka": [ "LEGI-2024-0074" ], "city": null, "county": "Loudoun County", "state": "VA", "lat": 39.09, "lng": -77.64, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Planning Commission recommended denial 5-0 on 2026-07-23; awaits Board of Supervisors decision (date TBD). Board directed a 12-month pause on new applications Sept 2026", "developer": "Active Infrastructure", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Active Infrastructure seeks to rezone about 325 acres on Evergreen Mills Road near Beaverdam Reservoir, south of Leesburg, for a data center campus of about 3.25 million sq ft with three substations and on-site fuel cell power. The Planning Commission unanimously recommended denial in July 2026, citing scale, policy-area fit and impacts on the reservoir and nearby homes. The application now goes to the Board of Supervisors, which in September 2026 also directed staff to draft a 12-month pause on new data center applications.", "facts": [ { "field": "sqft", "value": 3250000, "note": "per Loudoun Now/DCD; Loudoun Times reports 3.84M sq ft; earlier plans up to 3.5M sq ft", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 325, "note": "earlier plans cited 362 acres", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 12, "note": "Loudoun Times and DCD report 12; Loudoun Now reports 10", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Natural gas-powered hydrogen fuel cells with battery storage, plus three on-site substations", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Rezoning of 325 acres from Transitional Residential-10 (TR-10) to Industrial Park requested", "source": "s9", "quote": "The application, brought forward by Active Infrastructure, is seeking to rezone 325 acres from Transitional Residential – 10 to Industrial Park, allowing construction of 10 data center buildings, three substations, and a backup power storage facility." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "Tier 4 generators enclosed on six sides (applicant commitment)", "source": "s9", "quote": "Those include committing to Tier 4 generators, which produce fewer emissions than standard Tier 2 generators; enclosing generators on six sides to reduce noise;" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Air-cooling technology (applicant commitment)", "source": "s9", "quote": "committing to water quality controls and air-cooling technology; and providing significant buffering, open space and dark-sky lighting." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-10-28", "event": "Active Infrastructure plans 3.5M sq ft fuel-cell-powered campus on Evergreen Mills Road", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-07-23", "event": "Planning Commission votes 5-0 to recommend denial, following staff recommendation", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-09-15", "event": "Board of Supervisors votes 7-1-1 to have staff draft a resolution pausing new data center applications for 12 months; final vote expected in October", "source": "s7" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Planning Commission cited scale and incompatibility with policy area, and impacts on neighborhoods and Beaverdam Reservoir (s1)", "Residents and conservation groups raised water, air quality, noise, forest loss and Goose Creek concerns (s1, s5)", "Site includes a Spring Valley subdivision, a circa-1880 home and a family cemetery (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Planning Commission recommends denying 12-building data center campus near Beaverdam Reservoir", "publisher": "Loudoun Times-Mirror", "url": "https://www.loudountimes.com/news/business_and_economy/real_estate_and_development/planning-commission-recommends-denying-12-building-data-center-campus-near-beaverdam-reservoir/article_5311d986-1b04-4b4f-a6b6-59db86636233.html", "date": "2026-07-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Active Infrastructure Eyes 3M Square Feet of Data Centers Along Evergreen Mills", "publisher": "Loudoun Now", "url": "https://www.loudounnow.com/news/active-infrastructure-eyes-3m-square-feet-of-data-centers-along-evergreen-mills/article_6cfbeb62-2e1f-491a-8fe0-8b23736a9c38.html", "date": "2026-07-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Loudoun Updates: Are Data Centers in Loudoun County Finally at a Tipping Point?", "publisher": "Piedmont Environmental Council", "url": "https://www.pecva.org/region/loudoun/loudoun-updates-are-data-centers-in-loudoun-county-finally-at-a-tipping-point/", "date": "2026-09-09", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Active Infrastructure looks to develop hydrogen-powered data center in Leesburg, Virginia", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/active-infrastructure-looks-to-develop-hydrogen-powered-data-center-in-leesburg-virginia/", "date": "2024-10-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Spring Valley Technology Park", "publisher": "Loudoun Wildlife Conservancy", "url": "https://loudounwildlife.org/2026/01/spring-valley-technology-park/", "date": "2026-07-30", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Loudoun County board pauses data center applications", "publisher": "NBC4 Washington", "url": "https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/northern-virginia/loudoun-county-board-pauses-data-center-applications/4155005/", "date": "2026-09-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Loudoun County votes to pause new data center applications", "publisher": "WJLA", "url": "https://wjla.com/news/local/loudoun-county-data-centers-development-applications-board-supervisors-pause-northern-virginia-regulations-leesburg-catoctin-grid-reliability-dominion-energy-merger-power-lines-laws", "date": "2026-09-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Loudoun County considering moratorium on new data center applications, rejects 3.25 million sq ft campus", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/loudoun-county-considering-moratorium-on-new-data-center-applications-rejects-325-million-sq-ft-campus/", "date": "2026-07-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Loudoun Planning Commission Rejects 3M-Square-Foot Data Center Campus", "publisher": "Loudoun Now", "url": "https://www.loudounnow.com/news/loudoun-planning-commission-rejects-3m-square-foot-data-center-campus/article_35f01dc9-af58-4afb-a364-e93b96b50e43.html", "type": "news", "date": "2026-07-24" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "stargate-lordstown-oh", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/stargate-lordstown-oh", "name": "Stargate Lordstown", "aka": [ "SoftBank Lordstown data center" ], "city": "Lordstown", "county": "Trumbull County", "state": "OH", "lat": 41.1656, "lng": -80.8576, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "SoftBank reported breaking ground in 2025; an April 2026 satellite review found land cleared but no large-scale data center construction visible", "developer": "SoftBank Group (Crescent Dune LLC)", "endUsers": [ "OpenAI" ], "summary": "OpenAI named Lordstown as a Stargate site, saying SoftBank has broken ground there on an advanced data center at the former General Motors plant. SoftBank affiliate Crescent Dune LLC took title to the complex in 2025, and crews began site preparation along Hallock Young Road in October 2025. An April 2026 review by Epoch AI found land cleared but no large-scale data center construction visible.", "facts": [ { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Operational in 2026 (company-stated in September 2025)", "source": "s1", "quote": "One site is located in Lordstown, Ohio, where SoftBank has broken ground on an advanced data center design which is on track to be operational next year." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09", "event": "SoftBank affiliate Crescent Dune LLC takes title to the former GM complex and nearly 600 acres", "source": "s2", "quote": "Crescent Dune LLC, an affiliate of SoftBank Group Corp., has officially taken title to a former General Motors assembly complex here along with nearly 600 acres" }, { "date": "2025-09-23", "event": "OpenAI, Oracle and SoftBank name Lordstown as a Stargate site where SoftBank has broken ground on a data center", "source": "s1", "quote": "One site is located in Lordstown, Ohio, where SoftBank has broken ground on an advanced data center design which is on track to be operational next year." }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Crews begin site preparation along Hallock Young Road", "source": "s3", "quote": "Backhoes earlier this month unearthed portions of the plant's massive parking lot on the northwest side along Hallock Young Road, and crews were working Monday to dismantle a solar array that was once visible in front of the plant's former paint facility." }, { "date": "2026-04-17", "event": "Epoch AI review reports land cleared but no large-scale data center construction visible", "source": "s4", "quote": "Some land has been cleared, but no large-scale data center construction is visible." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Epoch AI describes the site as primarily a manufacturing facility for AI servers and data center equipment run by a SoftBank-Foxconn joint venture (s4)", "Epoch AI notes a ban on future data centers in Lordstown (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "OpenAI, Oracle, and SoftBank expand Stargate with five new AI data center sites", "publisher": "OpenAI", "url": "https://openai.com/index/five-new-stargate-sites/", "date": "2025-09-23", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "SoftBank Affiliate Takes Title to Lordstown Plant", "publisher": "The Business Journal (Youngstown)", "url": "https://businessjournaldaily.com/softbank-affiliate-takes-title-to-lordstown-plant/", "date": "2025-09-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Preparation Work Begins on Lordstown Data Center", "publisher": "The Business Journal (Youngstown)", "url": "https://businessjournaldaily.com/preparation-work-begins-on-lordstown-data-center/", "date": "2025-10-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "OpenAI Stargate: where the US sites stand", "publisher": "Epoch AI", "url": "https://epoch.ai/publications/openai-stargate-where-the-us-sites-stand", "date": "2026-04-17", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Lordstown part of mammoth $500 billion artificial intelligence data center project", "publisher": "WFMJ", "url": "https://www.wfmj.com/archives/lordstown-part-of-mammoth-500-billion-artificial-intelligence-data-center-project/article_b5202814-909a-5807-b0df-b7a8197e3390.html", "date": "2025-09-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Lordstown Data Center to be Operational Next Year", "publisher": "The Business Journal (Youngstown)", "url": "https://businessjournaldaily.com/lordstown-data-center-to-be-operational-next-year/", "date": "2025-09-24", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "switch-big-beaver-pa", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/switch-big-beaver-pa", "name": "Switch Big Beaver data center campus", "aka": [ "Switch Pit 01-03", "Big Beaver Data Center/Switch Pit 01-03" ], "city": "Big Beaver", "county": "Beaver County", "state": "PA", "lat": 40.85, "lng": -80.34, "coordPrecision": "site", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Preliminary land development plan filed with Big Beaver Borough in July 2026 and revised in September; borough council has not voted.", "developer": "Switch", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Switch plans a three-building data center campus on the site of the former Pittsburgh International Race Complex in Big Beaver Borough, about 40 miles northwest of Pittsburgh near the Ohio line. Plans filed with the borough and Beaver County describe a site of about 383 acres; September revisions enlarged each building to 215,750 sq ft (about 647,000 sq ft in all), with a first phase targeted for 2028 and full buildout by 2030. Residents have raised concerns about water, noise, power costs, traffic and old mine workings, and the borough council has not voted on the application.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 382, "unit": "acres", "note": "Acreage in Switch's announcement. The county land development form lists 383 acres (250 disturbed) and the borough form about 385 acres gross (about 240 disturbed); news coverage describes the former track property as about 400 acres.", "source": "s1", "quote": "a new 382-acre data center campus in Big Beaver Borough, in Beaver County, Pennsylvania" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 3, "unit": "buildings", "note": "Figure from the traffic scoping application. Switch presented three buildings at its June 2026 town hall.", "source": "s6", "quote": "The current proposal for the development consists of a Data Center with three (3) 201,688 square-foot (sf) buildings, as shown in Figure 2." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 647250, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "Three buildings of 215,750 sq ft each under the revised plans of Sept. 4, 2026, up from 201,688 sq ft each in the June traffic study (s6). The county form listed 605,048 gross sq ft before the revision.", "source": "s7", "quote": "Updated building footprint, GFA change from 201,688 sf to 215,750 sf per building." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "About 270 MW of total backup generator capacity, per filed documents as reported by DCD", "source": "s9", "quote": "Filed documents suggest the site's total backup generator capacity will total 270MW.", "note": "Backup generation, not a stated IT or utility load; no IT MW figure has been published." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1400000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "Figure given by Switch SVP Natalie Mitchell at the June 2, 2026 town hall.", "source": "s10", "quote": "She stated at full build out the facility will add millions of dollars of borough, county and state tax rolls, while noting the center is a 1.4 billion dollar investment." }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": "1500-2000", "unit": "jobs", "note": "Company estimate given at the June 2026 town hall.", "source": "s10", "quote": "The facility is expected to create 1500-2000 skilled labor jobs during construction and 80-100 fulltime jobs when it is operating." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": "80-100", "unit": "jobs", "note": "Company estimate given at the June 2026 town hall.", "source": "s10", "quote": "The facility is expected to create 1500-2000 skilled labor jobs during construction and 80-100 fulltime jobs when it is operating." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Beaver Falls Municipal Authority", "note": "Water supplier listed on the signed Beaver County land development application.", "source": "s4", "quote": "Water: Beaver Falls Municipal Authority." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop (Switch EVO design)", "note": "Company claim. At the June 2026 town hall, Switch described a 200,000-gallon initial fill, with later use mainly for restrooms and similar domestic needs (s10).", "source": "s1", "quote": "The Switch EVO® data centers consume zero water to cool the servers and GPU's" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "FirstEnergy", "note": "Filings include a new FirstEnergy switching station tied to existing on-site 345kV lines (s9). Switch's announcement says it does not pass costs on to consumers (s1).", "source": "s9", "quote": "The project will include a new First Energy switching station, connected to existing 345kV lines which are already on site." }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "2030-01", "note": "First phase possible from January 2028 and full buildout by January 2030, per the filings. The traffic study lists an opening date of 01-01-2028 and full buildout on 01-01-2030.", "source": "s9", "quote": "The first phase could launch as soon as January 2028, with all three buildings live by January 2030, according to documents." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-04-30", "event": "Switch announced a 382-acre campus in Big Beaver Borough, to join its existing campuses in Atlanta, Austin, Grand Rapids, Las Vegas and Tahoe Reno.", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-05-19", "event": "The borough said Switch had told it of its plans but had not yet filed a formal application, and it outlined its review steps.", "source": "s13" }, { "date": "2026-06-02", "event": "Switch held a public town hall at the Big Beaver fire hall to present the three-building plan. Police provided security for a large crowd.", "source": "s10" }, { "date": "2026-06-29", "event": "Local groups opposed to the project held a community meeting attended by nearly 100 people.", "source": "s14" }, { "date": "2026-06-29", "event": "Switch's general counsel signed the Beaver County land development application for 'Switch Pit 01-03'.", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-07-07", "event": "Engineering firm Atwell submitted the preliminary land development plan application to the borough on Switch's behalf.", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-08-12", "event": "The borough began posting the application and supporting studies online for public review.", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-08-19", "event": "At a county commissioners' work session, the county solicitor reported that the county planning commission had reviewed the application and was forwarding its recommendations to the borough.", "source": "s11" }, { "date": "2026-08-27", "event": "The borough planning committee's agenda included Switch's notice of intent to seek subdivision and land development approval.", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-08-27", "event": "The borough meeting on Switch's plans moved outdoors because of the large turnout, and residents raised concerns about the project.", "source": "s12" }, { "date": "2026-09-04", "event": "Revised land development plans, stormwater calculations and an acoustics study were submitted to the borough.", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-09-11", "event": "The borough received preliminary design plans and posted a link to them.", "source": "s16" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about water use, noise, pollution, possible electric-rate increases, added traffic and old underground mines beneath the property. Borough council has asked for environmental studies and changes before voting (s12).", "Daniel Dennehy-Rodriguez of the Three Rivers Motorsport Preservation Society questioned why the borough's September 2025 ordinance change allowing data centers came weeks before the track's sale was announced (s15, s14).", "An opposition organizer said Switch's June town hall excluded press and did not really listen to residents (s14).", "Beaver County's solicitor noted that water and electricity use, neighbors' main questions, are outside the county planning agency's review under the state planning code (s11).", "Lawrence County residents living next to the site asked what their communities would gain, and a Switch executive said she had not known the boundary was so close (s10).", "Some residents urged borough council to reject any data center application (s13)." ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Switch Announces New Data Center Campus in Beaver County, Pennsylvania", "publisher": "Switch", "url": "https://www.switch.com/switch-announces-new-data-center-campus-in-beaver-county-pennsylvania/", "date": "2026-04-30", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "SWITCH Data Center Application", "publisher": "Big Beaver Borough", "url": "https://bigbeaverborough.org/news/2026/08/switch-data-center-application/", "date": "2026-08-12", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Cover Letter", "publisher": "Big Beaver Borough (Atwell, LLC submission)", "url": "https://bigbeaverborough.org/document/cover-letter/", "date": "2026-07-07", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Beaver County Land Development Application – Signed", "publisher": "Big Beaver Borough", "url": "https://bigbeaverborough.org/document/beaver-county-land-development-application-signed/", "date": "2026-06-29", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Borough Land Development Application", "publisher": "Big Beaver Borough", "url": "https://bigbeaverborough.org/document/borough-land-development-application/", "date": "2026-09-04", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Appendix F – Traffic Scoping Application", "publisher": "Big Beaver Borough", "url": "https://bigbeaverborough.org/document/appendix-f-traffic-scoping-application/", "date": "2026-06-30", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Borough Cover Letter", "publisher": "Big Beaver Borough", "url": "https://bigbeaverborough.org/document/borough-cover-letter/", "date": "2026-09-04", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Borough of Big Beaver PA Planning Committee Meeting (August 27th, 2026 agenda)", "publisher": "Big Beaver Borough", "url": "https://bigbeaverborough.org/document/planning-committee-agenda-august-27th-2026/", "date": "2026-08-27", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Switch files to develop data center on former Pittsburgh race track", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/switch-files-to-develop-data-center-on-former-pittsburgh-race-track/", "date": "2026-08-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Big turnout and big voices at Big Beaver data center meeting", "publisher": "Beaver County Radio", "url": "https://beavercountyradio.com/news/big-turnout-and-big-voices-at-big-beaver-data-center-meeting/", "date": "2026-06-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "Switch data center planning in Big Beaver discussed at Commissioners' work session", "publisher": "Beaver County Radio", "url": "https://beavercountyradio.com/news/switch-data-center-planning-in-big-beaver-discussed-at-commissioners-work-session/", "date": "2026-08-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s12", "title": "Meeting held in Big Beaver concerning Switch's plans to build data center on former Pitt Race property", "publisher": "Beaver County Radio", "url": "https://beavercountyradio.com/news/meeting-held-in-big-beaver-concerning-switchs-plans-to-build-data-center-on-former-pitt-race-property/", "date": "2026-08-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s13", "title": "Residents urge officials not to build data center on former race track property in Beaver County", "publisher": "WPXI", "url": "https://www.wpxi.com/news/local/residents-urge-officials-not-allow-data-center-former-race-track-property-beaver-county/A7M3JTYRRVBSRAKSWGKQEPZMF4/", "date": "2026-05-19", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s14", "title": "Group gathers to oppose proposed data center development at site of former Beaver County racetrack", "publisher": "WPXI", "url": "https://www.wpxi.com/news/local/group-gathers-oppose-proposed-data-center-development-site-former-beaver-county-racetrack/Y6VHQEVLQJBLRHYNYM6PWZCISM/", "date": "2026-06-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s15", "title": "Residents looking for answers at meeting about plans for possible data center in Big Beaver", "publisher": "WPXI", "url": "https://www.wpxi.com/news/local/residents-looking-answers-meeting-about-plans-possible-data-center-beaver-county/L24LJFYKCJF4TKS36VYRXWWHU4/", "date": "2026-06-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s16", "title": "Switch", "publisher": "Big Beaver Borough", "url": "https://bigbeaverborough.org/government/switch/", "date": "2026-09-11", "type": "government" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-27" }, { "slug": "switch-north-las-vegas-nv", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/switch-north-las-vegas-nv", "name": "Switch Core 2.0 Phase 1 Campus", "aka": [], "city": "North Las Vegas", "county": "Clark County", "state": "NV", "lat": 36.23, "lng": -115.15, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Letter of intent and site documents filed with the city in August 2026; not yet scheduled for Planning Commission or City Council as of late September. Map pin marks the city; the site is in Apex Industrial Park, roughly 20 miles northeast.", "developer": "Switch", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Switch has filed a letter of intent with the City of North Las Vegas for a campus it calls Switch Core 2.0 Phase 1. The campus would span 14 parcels totaling roughly 175.8 acres by Apex Power Parkway and US-93 in Apex Industrial Park, in the city's far northeast. The first phase would include two data center buildings plus a substation, switching station, fire pump house and logistics office, with about 486,000 sq ft of building space in all. The city has not yet scheduled public review.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 175.8, "unit": "acres", "note": "Site spans 14 parcels, per Switch's letter of intent as reported.", "source": "s1", "quote": "The campus would sit on 14 parcels of land occupying approximately 175.8 acres, with the buildings estimated to be a total of 486,250 square feet near Apex Power Parkway and US-93, according to Switch." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 486250, "unit": "sq ft (total buildings)", "note": "Total building area estimated by Switch.", "source": "s1", "quote": "The campus would sit on 14 parcels of land occupying approximately 175.8 acres, with the buildings estimated to be a total of 486,250 square feet near Apex Power Parkway and US-93, according to Switch." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 2, "unit": "data center buildings", "note": "Data center buildings; the first phase also includes a fire pump house, a substation with control house, a switching station and a logistics office.", "source": "s1", "quote": "Documents submitted to the city in August said the proposed campus would consist of two data center buildings, one fire pump house, one substation with a control house building, one switching station and one logistics office building." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop (Switch EVO design)", "note": "This is Switch's general claim about its designs as reported with this proposal, not a figure specific to this site.", "source": "s2", "quote": "Zero water consumption - no water is consumed in our closed-loop EVO data center designs since 2022." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-01-20", "event": "DCD reported, citing property records, that Switch paid $85.5 million for 176 acres at Apex Industrial Park.", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-05-22", "event": "KTNV reported, citing county assessor records, that Switch had bought more than 300 acres in the Apex area for about $200 million. The city said it had no plans to share.", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-09-14", "event": "County records showed Switch had bought about 176 more acres at Apex for roughly $196 million, with no announced plans for that land.", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-09-23", "event": "KTNV reported Switch's letter of intent for a 175.8-acre campus, based on documents filed with the city in August.", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-09-25", "event": "A city spokeswoman said the proposal had not yet been scheduled before the Planning Commission or City Council.", "source": "s3" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "After Switch's Apex land purchases, a local advocate objected to another data center, citing the region's water situation (s5).", "KTNV cited Las Vegas Valley Water District data showing Switch used about 340 million gallons of water in 2025 (s5).", "North Las Vegas Councilman Isaac Barron said the city's recently enacted Apex Act would let it oversee permitting for infrastructure-driven development in the park (s2)." ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Switch proposes 175-acre data center campus in North Las Vegas", "publisher": "KTNV Channel 13 Las Vegas", "url": "https://www.ktnv.com/news/switch-proposes-175-acre-data-center-campus-in-north-las-vegas", "date": "2026-09-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Switch data center proposal heads to North Las Vegas review as Nye fight continues", "publisher": "News 3 Las Vegas (KSNV)", "url": "https://news3lv.com/news/local/southern-nevada-weighs-switch-data-center-plan-in-north-las-vegas-nye-county-project-falters", "date": "2026-09-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Switch Submits Plans for 175-Acre Data Center Campus in North Las Vegas", "publisher": "102.7 Coyote Country (Beasley Media)", "url": "https://coyotecountrylv.com/2026/09/25/switch-submits-plans-for-175-acre-data-center-campus-in-north-las-vegas/", "date": "2026-09-25", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Switch buys more land at Apex Industrial Park in North Las Vegas", "publisher": "FOX5 Las Vegas (KVVU)", "url": "https://www.fox5vegas.com/2026/09/15/switch-buys-more-land-apex-industrial-park-north-las-vegas/", "date": "2026-09-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Locals raise concerns after land purchase tied to data center company in Apex Industrial Park", "publisher": "KTNV Channel 13 Las Vegas", "url": "https://www.ktnv.com/neighborhoods/north-las-vegas/locals-raise-concerns-after-land-purchase-tied-to-data-center-company-in-apex-industrial-park", "date": "2026-05-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Switch buys 176 acres at Apex Industrial Park, Las Vegas", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/switch-buys-176-acres-at-apex-industrial-park-las-vegas/", "date": "2026-01-20", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-27" }, { "slug": "treetop-east-fishkill-ny", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/treetop-east-fishkill-ny", "name": "Treetop East Fishkill Data Center", "aka": [ "East Fishkill data center campus" ], "city": "East Fishkill", "county": "Dutchess County", "state": "NY", "lat": 41.5901, "lng": -73.809, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "rumored", "statusNote": "No application was ever filed; the town adopted a three-year moratorium in June 2026 and says data centers are not a permitted use in its industrial zones", "developer": "Treetop Companies", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Developers floated a data center campus of about 1.16 million square feet south of Old State Road in East Fishkill, but no formal application was ever filed with the town. Supervisor Nick D'Alessandro said publicly that data centers are not listed as a permitted use in the town's industrial zones, and on June 26, 2026 the Town Board unanimously passed a three-year moratorium running through July 1, 2029 that blocks data centers except those ancillary to an existing or permitted use and under 20 MW, or eligible for an Economic Development Special Permit. The episode became a reference point in the statewide debate, with activists citing it in calls for state legislation.", "facts": [ { "field": "sqft", "value": 1160000, "note": "campus size described in reporting; no application was filed and no MW figure was published", "source": "s1", "quote": "1.16 million square feet" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Data centers are not listed as a permitted use in the town's industrial zones, per the supervisor", "source": "s1", "quote": "under our current zoning, data centers are not even listed as a permissible use in our industrial zones" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "South of Old State Road, East Fishkill", "source": "s1" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-05", "event": "The East Fishkill supervisor publicly rejects the prospect of a large data center in the town; local outlets report that rumors of a proposal are premature", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-06-25", "event": "The town moves toward a moratorium as developers float the possibility of a project", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-06-26", "event": "East Fishkill Town Board unanimously passes a three-year data center moratorium running through July 1, 2029", "source": "s1", "quote": "3 years (through July 1, 2029)" }, { "date": "2026-07-14", "event": "Gov. Kathy Hochul signs Executive Order No. 62, pausing state DEC permits for data centers of 50 MW or more", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-08-27", "event": "Activists cite the East Fishkill fight in calling on the governor to sign the Responsible Data Center Development Act", "source": "s5" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "No application for a data center was ever filed with the town, and the supervisor said none had ever been filed (s1)", "The moratorium carves out data centers ancillary to an existing or permitted use and under 20 MW, or eligible for an Economic Development Special Permit (s1)", "At three years, East Fishkill's moratorium is among the longest adopted by a New York town (s1)", "The dispute fed into a statewide campaign for the Responsible Data Center Development Act (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Three-year data center moratorium passed in town of East Fishkill, New York State, blocking planned campus", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/three-year-data-center-moratorium-passed-in-town-of-east-fishkill-new-york-state-blocking-planned-campus/", "date": "2026-06-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Rumors of proposed data center are premature", "publisher": "Mid Hudson News", "url": "https://midhudsonnews.com/2026/05/08/rumors-of-proposed-data-center-are-premature/", "date": "2026-05-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "East Fishkill to pass moratorium on data centers as developers float possibility of project in town", "publisher": "News 12 Hudson Valley", "url": "https://hudsonvalley.news12.com/2026/06/25/east-fishkill-to-pass-moratorium-on-data-centers-as-developers-float-possibility-of-project-in-town/3LLFVbZfhK0r6jjmjA3uCP", "date": "2026-06-25", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Executive Order No. 62: Establishing a Temporary Moratorium on Data Centers in New York", "publisher": "Office of the Governor of New York", "url": "https://www.governor.ny.gov/executive-order/no-62-establishing-temporary-moratorium-data-centers-new-york-while-state-develops", "date": "2026-07-14", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Local activists highlight East Fishkill data center fight, call on Gov. Hochul to sign Responsible Data Center Development Act", "publisher": "Food & Water Watch", "url": "https://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/2026/08/27/local-activists-community-leaders-and-concerned-residents-highlight-east-fishkill-data-center-fight-call-on-gov-hochul-to-sign-responsible-data-center-development-act/", "date": "2026-08-27", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "East Fishkill Town Board unanimously passes 3-year data center moratorium", "publisher": "Spectrum News", "url": "https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nys/hudson-valley/news/2026/06/27/east-fishkill-data-center-moratorium", "date": "2026-06-27", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "valara-spartanburg-county-sc", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/valara-spartanburg-county-sc", "name": "Valara Holdings High Performance Compute Center", "aka": [ "NorthMark/Valara data center" ], "city": "Spartanburg", "county": "Spartanburg County", "state": "SC", "lat": 34.9496, "lng": -81.932, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Lawsuit challenging the county's minor land development classification pending; PSC ruled in Aug. 2026 the Utility Siting Act does not apply", "developer": "Valara Holdings (NorthMark Strategies)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "NorthMark Strategies and its subsidiary Valara Holdings are converting a former Kohler plant on 300 acres southeast of Spartanburg, South Carolina, into a $2.8 billion computing center with on-site natural gas generation. State regulators initially approved about 50 megawatts, and Valara has sought to amend its air permit to a total of 450 megawatts; in August 2026 the Public Service Commission ruled the state's utility siting law does not apply. Nearby residents have sued Spartanburg County and Valara Holdings over how the county classified the project.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 2800000000, "source": "s1", "quote": "hundreds of residents showed up for a three-hour meeting in downtown Spartanburg Thursday evening with state environmental regulators about a $2.8 billion data center already under development" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 300, "source": "s2", "quote": "In that case, the group argues Spartanburg County violated its own development codes by classifying the center, located on 300 acres southeast of the city of Spartanburg, as a 'minor' development." }, { "field": "onsite_generation_mw", "value": 450, "unit": "MW", "note": "requested total after amendment; initially approved for about 50 MW", "source": "s1", "quote": "State regulators initially approved the company for about 50 megawatts. But the company has since sought to amend its application to a total of 450 megawatts." }, { "field": "onsite_generation", "value": "natural gas generators and combustion turbines", "source": "s1", "quote": "The facility is already permitted for 24 natural gas generators that each produce 2,000 kilowatts. The new request, submitted to the state Department of Environmental Services in March, asks for an additional five 17-megawatt natural gas combustion turbines and six 54-megawatt natural gas combustion turbines." }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "Permitted for 24 natural gas generators (2,000 kW each); March 2026 request to SCDES for five 17-MW and six 54-MW combustion turbines", "source": "s1", "quote": "The new request, submitted to the state Department of Environmental Services in March, asks for an additional five 17-megawatt natural gas combustion turbines and six 54-megawatt natural gas combustion turbines." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 27, "source": "s2", "quote": "The Valara project became public in March 2025 when Spartanburg County began negotiating tax incentives for the project that would create 27 jobs." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Classified by the county as a minor land development", "source": "s3", "quote": "The lawsuit accuses Valara and the county of bypassing the public planning commission process by classifying the project as a minor land development." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-03", "event": "Project becomes public as Spartanburg County begins negotiating tax incentives", "source": "s2", "quote": "The Valara project became public in March 2025 when Spartanburg County began negotiating tax incentives for the project that would create 27 jobs." }, { "date": "2026-03", "event": "Valara asks SCDES to add natural gas combustion turbines to its air permit", "source": "s1", "quote": "The new request, submitted to the state Department of Environmental Services in March, asks for an additional five 17-megawatt natural gas combustion turbines and six 54-megawatt natural gas combustion turbines." }, { "date": "2026-06-25", "event": "Hundreds of residents attend SCDES public meeting on the permit request", "source": "s1", "quote": "hundreds of residents showed up for a three-hour meeting in downtown Spartanburg Thursday evening with state environmental regulators about a $2.8 billion data center already under development" }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "South Carolina Environmental Law Center sues Spartanburg County and Valara Holdings on behalf of nearby residents over the minor land development classification", "source": "s3", "quote": "The lawsuit accuses Valara and the county of bypassing the public planning commission process by classifying the project as a minor land development." }, { "date": "2026-08-27", "event": "SC Public Service Commission rules the utility siting law does not apply to the facility", "source": "s2", "quote": "The commission on Thursday sided with Valara, ruling that the law public utility companies must abide by does not apply to the private technology company because 'the facility will not export power generated to the electric grid for public use.'" }, { "date": "2026-09", "event": "State grants permission to add more natural gas turbines", "source": "s5", "quote": "On Friday, Valara received permission from the state to add more natural gas turbines to generate additional electricity." }, { "date": "2026-10-06", "event": "Judge J. Derham Cole Jr. dismisses neighbors' challenge to the county's permitting of the project, finding no specific harm shown and no prior appeal to the Board of Zoning Appeals", "quote": "Judge J. Derham Cole Jr. threw the case out Oct. 6 for two reasons", "source": "s6" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents and their attorneys say the project bypassed Planning Commission review and public input (s3, s4)", "SELC says the PSC ruling lets companies build power plants of any size without commission oversight (s2)", "County council members questioned formaldehyde monitoring, which is required only once every 100 days (s5)", "Spartanburg County Council took a first unanimous vote in June 2026 on a one-year moratorium on future data centers (s1)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "SC counties enacting data center moratoriums", "publisher": "SC Daily Gazette", "url": "https://scdailygazette.com/2026/06/26/sc-counties-enacting-data-center-moratoriums/", "date": "2026-06-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Spartanburg data center not subject to public power plant rules, SC regulators rule", "publisher": "SC Daily Gazette", "url": "https://scdailygazette.com/2026/08/27/spartanburg-data-center-not-subject-to-public-power-plant-rules-sc-regulators-rule/", "date": "2026-08-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Lawsuit targets Spartanburg County data center project, demands public planning review", "publisher": "FOX Carolina", "url": "https://www.foxcarolina.com/2026/07/08/lawsuit-targets-spartanburg-county-data-center-project-demands-public-planning-review/", "date": "2026-07-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Environmental group files court order to stop Spartanburg County data center project", "publisher": "FOX Carolina", "url": "https://www.foxcarolina.com/2026/08/20/environmental-group-files-court-order-stop-spartanburg-county-data-center-project/", "date": "2026-08-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Spartanburg County leaders question pollution monitoring as Valara data center adds more turbines", "publisher": "FOX Carolina", "url": "https://www.foxcarolina.com/2026/09/22/spartanburg-county-leaders-question-pollution-monitoring-valara-data-center-adds-more-turbines/", "date": "2026-09-21", "type": "news" }, { "title": "Judge dismisses lawsuit challenging $2.8B data center in S.C.", "publisher": "WRDW", "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/10/07/judge-dismisses-lawsuit-challenging-28b-valara-data-center-sc/", "date": "2026-10-07", "type": "news", "id": "s6" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-10-11" }, { "slug": "wallace-jackson-data-center-campus-griffin-ga", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/wallace-jackson-data-center-campus-griffin-ga", "name": "Wallace Jackson Data Center Campus", "aka": [], "city": "Griffin", "county": "Spalding County", "state": "GA", "lat": 33.2475, "lng": -84.27083, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Variance, rezoning and special exception approved 4-0 on January 22, 2026; two residents' lawsuits pending in Spalding County Superior Court as of September 2026", "developer": "Wallace Jackson LLC", "endUsers": [], "summary": "The Wallace Jackson Data Center Campus is a planned campus of 10 two-story data center buildings totaling 4.986 million sq ft on 189 acres at 5745 and 5841 Jackson Road in Spalding County, outside Griffin, about 1.5 miles from I-75, proposed by Wallace Jackson LLC; a state Development of Regional Impact review estimated its value at build-out at $3.65 billion. The Spalding County Board of Commissioners approved a watershed and wetlands variance, a rezoning and a special exception, each 4-0, on January 22, 2026, and nearby residents filed two lawsuits against the county in Spalding County Superior Court on February 17, 2026. As of September 2026 the lawsuits were awaiting a ruling on a joint motion by the county and developer, and the county said it had no land disturbance permit submittals for its approved data center sites.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 189, "unit": "acres", "note": "Wallace Jackson Industrial Park; county agenda lists two parcels of approximately 139.63 and 50.03 acres", "source": "s1", "quote": "The data center campus will be spread over 189 acres in the Wallace Jackson Industrial Park on the north side of Jackson Road at Wallace Road." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 4986000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "10 buildings ranging from 297,000 to 780,000 sq ft (site plan)", "source": "s1", "quote": "The site plan from owner Wallace Jackson LLC shows 10 data centers of sizes ranging from 297,000 square feet all the way to 780,000 square feet, for a total of 4.986 million square feet." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 10, "note": "two-story data center buildings", "source": "s2", "quote": "The site plan shows 10 two-story data centers of sizes ranging from 297,000 square feet all the way to 780,000 square feet, for a total of 4.986 million square feet." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 3650000000, "note": "Estimated value at build-out from the state Development of Regional Impact review, which also estimated $51.656 million in annual local tax revenue at build-out; the AJC reported the project as $3.7 billion and FOX 5 Atlanta and DatacenterDynamics as $3.9 billion", "source": "s1", "quote": "A state Development of Regional Impact provided an estimated value at build out of $3.65 billion, with estimated annual local tax revenues at build out to be $51.656 million." }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Full build-out by 2035", "note": "per the Development of Regional Impact filing; the developer estimates a 10-year build-out", "source": "s6", "quote": "The project could reach full build-out by 2035, according to the filing." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop water system (required by county)", "source": "s1", "quote": "Commissioner Dutton verified that the closed loop water system the county requires will recycle the water and not use evaporation cooling." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Rezoned to C-1C (Manufacturing - Light) from C-2 (Manufacturing) for a data center campus, with a special exception for a data center campus and a variance from the exclusion of data centers in S-2 watershed and S-4 wetlands protection districts", "note": "applications 25-29Z (rezoning), 25-17S (special exception) and 26-05V (variance)", "source": "s4", "quote": "The applicant is requesting to rezone from C-2 (Manufacturing) to C-1C (Manufacturing - Light) for a data center campus." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "5745 and 5841 Jackson Road (Parcels 216 01004 and 216 01004A), Land Lots 25 & 40 of the 2nd Land District", "source": "s4", "quote": "Wallace Jackson, LLC, owner, 5745 and 5841 Jackson Road (Parcels 216 01004 and 216 01004A); both located in Land Lots 25 & 40 of the 2nd Land District, consisting of approximately 139.63 and 50.03 acres respectively." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Spalding County Board of Commissioners approved the variance, rezoning and special exception in three 4-0 votes at its January 22, 2026 zoning public hearing; one commissioner absent", "source": "s1", "quote": "The Spalding County Board of Commissioners voted 4-0 to approve the third data center campus in the county. The vote came at their Jan. 22 zoning public hearing." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-11-25", "event": "Spalding County Planning Commission hearing on the data center rezoning is tabled over what the county zoning attorney called a legal issue", "source": "s8", "quote": "A hearing before the Spalding County Planning Commission was scheduled for its Nov. 25 meeting. However, as the meeting started, it was announced that the proposed data center campus rezoning request had been tabled due to what county zoning attorney Newton Galloway called a \"legal issue.\"" }, { "date": "2026-01", "event": "Developer completes a Development of Regional Impact filing, triggering state infrastructure review", "source": "s5", "quote": "But the developer took a major step Tuesday by completing a Development of Regional Impact filing, triggering a required state infrastructure review for large projects." }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "event": "Variance, rezoning and special exception applications on the agenda of a Spalding County Planning and Appeals Commission special called meeting", "source": "s9", "quote": "A variance, zoning, and special exception hearings for a proposed third data center campus on the north side of Jackson Road at Wallace Road is on the agenda, along with any other zoning items." }, { "date": "2026-01-22", "event": "Spalding County Board of Commissioners approves the variance, rezoning and special exception, each 4-0", "source": "s1", "quote": "The Spalding County Board of Commissioners voted 4-0 to approve the third data center campus in the county. The vote came at their Jan. 22 zoning public hearing." }, { "date": "2026-02-17", "event": "Nearby residents file two lawsuits against Spalding County in Spalding County Superior Court challenging the zoning decision", "source": "s2", "quote": "Both lawsuits were E-filed in the Superior Court of Spalding County on Feb. 17 by attorney Robert Fricks Sr. of The Fricks Law Firm in Warner Robins, who is representing the complainants in both legal actions." }, { "date": "2026-09-03", "event": "Plaintiffs' attorney says the parties are awaiting a ruling from the judge on a joint motion the county and developer filed", "source": "s3", "quote": "The GDN reached out to Fricks with inquiries on the statuses of the lawsuits. The paper was told that the parties are waiting for the judge's decision on a joint motion filed by the county and developer." }, { "date": "2026-09-03", "event": "County community development director says the county has received no applications, plans or other submittals for a land disturbance permit at its approved data center sites", "source": "s3", "quote": "We have not received any applications, plans, or other submittals related to a Land Disturbance Permit" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Gregory Berns et al. lawsuit against Spalding County (Wallace Jackson zoning)", "court": "Superior Court of Spalding County", "filed": "2026-02-17", "status": "pending", "summary": "Residents living near the site ask the court to declare the January 22, 2026 zoning decision invalid and vacate it, alleging arbitrary and capricious action, due process violations and violations of the county's own data center, watershed and wetlands rules.", "source": "s2", "quote": "Complainants in the first lawsuit are listed as Gregory Berns, Mike Wallace, Linda Smith, individually, and as Co-Trustee of the Lamb Family Trust, Julie Fox, and Mary Cole Braun." }, { "name": "Samuel Weeks and Denise Parrish lawsuit against Spalding County (Wallace Jackson zoning)", "court": "Superior Court of Spalding County", "filed": "2026-02-17", "status": "pending", "summary": "A second petition by nearby residents makes the same challenge to the January 22, 2026 zoning decision.", "source": "s2", "quote": "Petitioners in the second lawsuit are listed as Samuel Weeks and Denise Parrish." } ], "issues": [ "Residents, the Altamaha Riverkeeper and the Flint Riverkeeper raised concerns about drinking water, possible well contamination from blasting granite on the site, diesel and glycol storage, construction traffic and home values (s1)", "The lawsuits allege the variance violated a 2024 county rule that data centers shall not be located in S-2, S-3 or S-4 sensitive land districts, that the county approved the zoning before the state DRI public comment period expired, and that traffic studies and a DOT curb-cut approval were lacking (s2)", "A county staff report said the site has the fewest residences around it of the county's three data center sites and flagged the entrance off Wallace Road as a concern (s9)", "County officials said the project could help lower residents' taxes; resident Gregory Berns said it would take farmland, provide few jobs and risk polluting water (s7)", "The developer's attorney said an end user has shown interest but non-disclosure agreements prevent naming it (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Third data center campus in Spalding County approved by commissioners", "publisher": "The Griffin Daily News", "url": "https://www.griffindailynews.com/news/third-data-center-campus-in-spalding-county-approved-by-commissioners/article_91d412f7-5468-5848-905b-74870208616c.html", "date": "2026-01-31", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Lawsuits filed against Spalding County following approval of 3rd data center", "publisher": "The Griffin Daily News", "url": "https://www.griffindailynews.com/news/lawsuits-filed-against-spalding-county-following-approval-of-3rd-data-center/article_034a1944-6762-5450-8366-10c43d2903c3.html", "date": "2026-02-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Are data centers dead in Spalding County?", "publisher": "The Griffin Daily News", "url": "https://www.griffindailynews.com/news/are-data-centers-dead-in-spalding-county/article_6ff83dfb-f930-557b-bfc2-009c12e87b7c.html", "date": "2026-09-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Planning Commission - Regular Meeting (January 12, 2026 agenda)", "publisher": "Spalding County", "url": "https://granicus_production_attachments.s3.amazonaws.com/spaldingcounty/df4aa00d4114fc64d63a6db6ee9de6360.pdf", "date": "2026-01-12", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "What's $3.7B and larger than 3 malls? Georgia's next potential data center.", "publisher": "The Atlanta Journal-Constitution", "url": "https://www.ajc.com/business/2026/01/whats-37b-and-larger-than-3-malls-georgias-next-potential-data-center/", "date": "2026-01-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Application filed for 5 million sq ft data center campus outside Atlanta, Georgia", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/application-filed-for-5-million-sq-ft-data-center-campus-outside-atlanta-georgia/", "date": "2026-01-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Spalding County approves massive $3.9B Data center near Atlanta", "publisher": "FOX 5 Atlanta", "url": "https://www.fox5atlanta.com/news/spalding-county-data-center-vote", "date": "2026-01-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Third data center campus rezoning tabled until January", "publisher": "The Griffin Daily News", "url": "https://www.griffindailynews.com/news/third-data-center-campus-rezoning-tabled-until-january/article_0d6e00bb-2191-57a5-b418-014264a7f70e.html", "date": "2025-12-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Spalding County planning commission to hear data center request Jan. 12", "publisher": "The Griffin Daily News", "url": "https://www.griffindailynews.com/news/spalding-county-planning-commission-to-hear-data-center-request-jan-12/article_23798d5c-e7e3-5412-af18-1ff51bdfc020.html", "date": "2026-01-10", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "west-sedgwick-county-ks", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/west-sedgwick-county-ks", "name": "West Sedgwick County data center land acquisitions", "aka": [ "Colwich/Andale data center", "Garden Plain data center" ], "city": null, "county": "Sedgwick County", "state": "KS", "lat": 37.68, "lng": -97.46, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "rumored", "statusNote": "No application on file; county interim development control (moratorium) on data center applications extended through 2026-12-24 while zoning rules are drafted", "developer": "Monarch Energy; NextEra Energy (separate land deals)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Two companies are trying to buy more than 1,000 acres of farmland in western Sedgwick County for data centers. KMUW reports Monarch Energy is acquiring 300+ acres near Colwich and Andale and NextEra Energy holds options on about 800 acres near Garden Plain. The county has no data center applications on file and has paused applications since January 2026 while it writes zoning rules, most recently extending the pause to December 24, 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 300, "note": "Monarch Energy, 300+ acres between 215th West and 183rd West off 53rd North (Colwich/Andale area)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 800, "note": "NextEra Energy, ~800 acres under 3-year option agreements between 311th and 279th West off 21st Street North (Garden Plain area)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Kansas SB 98 (effective 2025-07-01) provides a 20-year state/local tax exemption for data centers", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "No data center zoning applications filed as of March 2026; the Wichita-Sedgwick County unified zoning code did not define or regulate data centers", "source": "s1", "quote": "Sedgwick County officials say they don't have details about potential projects. They haven't received any zoning applications for data center developments." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-01-14", "event": "County Commission adopts 90-day interim development control on data center applications", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-02-23", "event": "Senate Majority Leader Chase Blasi asks county for a three-year moratorium", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-03-12", "event": "County holds listening town hall on data centers", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-03-16", "event": "KMUW reports Monarch Energy and NextEra Energy are pursuing 1,000+ acres in western Sedgwick County", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-05", "event": "Commission unanimously extends interim control through 2026-09-11", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-09-02", "event": "Commission extends interim control through 2026-12-24 to finalize zoning rules", "source": "s5" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents cited non-disclosure agreements, farmland loss, water (Equus Beds aquifer) and power infrastructure strain (s1)", "Sedgwick County Farm Bureau raised concerns about grid, roads, drainage and emergency services (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Two data center companies are trying to buy more than 1,000 acres of Sedgwick County land", "publisher": "KMUW", "url": "https://www.kmuw.org/local-news/2026-03-16/two-data-center-companies-are-trying-to-buy-more-than-1-000-acres-of-sedgwick-county-land", "date": "2026-03-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Sedgwick County's data center ban continues as commissioners approve second extension", "publisher": "KMUW", "url": "https://www.kmuw.org/2026-05-07/sedgwick-countys-data-center-ban-continues-as-commissioners-approve-second-extension", "date": "2026-05-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Sedgwick County Schedules Data Center Town Halls", "publisher": "Sedgwick County", "url": "https://www.sedgwickcounty.org/communications/news-releases/sedgwick-county-schedules-data-center-town-halls/", "date": "2026-02-25", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Kansas lawmaker asks for three year pause on Sedgwick County data centers", "publisher": "KWCH", "url": "https://www.kwch.com/2026/02/24/kansas-lawmakers-ask-three-year-pause-sedgwick-county-data-centers/", "date": "2026-02-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Sedgwick County extends pause on data center applications through Dec. 24", "publisher": "KWCH", "url": "https://www.kwch.com/2026/09/02/sedgwick-county-extends-pause-data-center-applications/", "date": "2026-09-02", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-23" }, { "slug": "white-oak-technology-park-appling-ga", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/white-oak-technology-park-appling-ga", "name": "White Oak Technology Park", "aka": [ "White Oak Business Park data center" ], "city": "Appling", "county": "Columbia County", "state": "GA", "lat": 33.55, "lng": -82.32, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Data center (D-C) rezoning approved Feb 2026; resident's suit dismissed March 2026, appeal filed with Georgia Court of Appeals April 2026", "developer": "Trammell Crow Company", "endUsers": [ "Google" ], "summary": "White Oak Technology Park is a planned data center and technology campus next to the White Oak Business Park in Appling, Columbia County, outside Augusta. A 2025 regional impact filing described about 8 million sq ft of data centers on roughly 1,900 acres, with Trammell Crow Company as developer. In July 2026 the county’s Economic Development Authority named Google as the sole end user and operator, and in August 2026 it approved a memorandum of understanding for a $17 billion Google investment in the county’s data center project. Resident Gregory Guido Jr. sued over the February 2026 rezoning and a parallel Pumpkin Center data center rezoning; Superior Court dismissed both suits in March 2026, and he appealed to the Georgia Court of Appeals.", "facts": [ { "field": "sqft", "value": 8004000, "note": "data center space in DRI filing (8.076M sq ft total campus)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1900, "note": "adjacent land proposed for rezoning in 2025 DRI filing", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 6500000, "note": "worst-case water demand, with nearly 4M gpd to sewer, as reported", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 17000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "'At least $17 billion' under EDA memorandum with Kinetic Infrastructure Solutions (Alphabet subsidiary)", "source": "s9", "quote": "The Economic Development Authority of Columbia County approved the agreement for the project, representing a commitment of at least $17 billion — one of the largest private investments in county history." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Bond-for-title financing through the Economic Development Authority of Columbia County; bonds non-recourse to the authority and county", "source": "s9", "quote": "The financing uses a bond-for-title structure long established in Georgia." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Closed-loop cooling required under Data Center zoning district", "source": "s9", "quote": "It includes 500-foot residential buffers, a 65-decibel noise limit, closed-loop cooling, a ban on private wells, full-cutoff lighting and a decommissioning requirement, according to the authority." }, { "field": "nearest_residence", "value": "Data Center zoning district requires 500-foot residential buffers", "source": "s9", "quote": "It includes 500-foot residential buffers, a 65-decibel noise limit, closed-loop cooling, a ban on private wells, full-cutoff lighting and a decommissioning requirement, according to the authority." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Rezoned from Special (S-1) to Data Center (D-C); one 37-acre tract at 0 Morris Callaway Road remanded to the Planning Commission over a parcel-number advertising error", "source": "s3", "quote": "The Economic Development Authority of Columbia County's (EDACC) request to rezone the White Oak Tech Park property from Special (S-1) to Data Center (D-C) passed through unanimously." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Columbia County Board of Commissioners unanimously approved the S-1 to D-C rezoning (meeting reported Feb. 5, 2026)", "source": "s3", "quote": "The Economic Development Authority of Columbia County's (EDACC) request to rezone the White Oak Tech Park property from Special (S-1) to Data Center (D-C) passed through unanimously." }, { "field": "noise_limit_dba", "value": 65, "unit": "dBA", "note": "Limit in the Data Center zoning district approved February 2026; the source does not say where it is measured (it reports the limit in decibels)", "source": "s9", "quote": "It includes 500-foot residential buffers, a 65-decibel noise limit, closed-loop cooling, a ban on private wells, full-cutoff lighting and a decommissioning requirement, according to the authority." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-04-09", "event": "DRI filed for 8M sq ft data center and technology park", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-05", "event": "Initial rezoning vote", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-02", "event": "Board of Commissioners unanimously approves D-C data center rezoning with 65 dB noise cap; also approves Pumpkin Center, rejects Byrd Farms", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-02-25", "event": "Gregory P. Guido Jr. files judicial review petitions challenging White Oak and Pumpkin Center rezonings", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-03-25", "event": "Columbia County Superior Court dismissal orders filed (White Oak order signed March 19)", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-04-13", "event": "Guido files notices of appeal to Georgia Court of Appeals", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-07-23", "event": "Columbia County Economic Development Authority announces Google as sole end user and operator of the data center project", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-08", "event": "Economic Development Authority of Columbia County approves a memorandum of understanding for a $17 billion data center investment by Kinetic Infrastructure Solutions, an Alphabet subsidiary; county says Google will pay $40 million a year for seven years", "source": "s9" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Suit alleges procedural defects, incomplete water/sewer and traffic analysis, and conflict with the comprehensive plan (s4)", "Observers questioned transparency and lack of an identified end user (s2)", "County officials project about $118 million in annual tax revenue at full build-out (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Plans filed for 8 million sq ft data center and technology park outside Augusta, Georgia", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/plans-filed-for-8-million-sq-ft-data-center-and-technology-park-outside-augusta-georgia/", "date": "2025-04-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Columbia County observer questions White Oak Technology Park and transparency", "publisher": "The Augusta Press", "url": "https://theaugustapress.com/columbia-county-observer-questions-white-oak-technology-park-and-transparency/", "date": "2025-10-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Columbia County passes two out of three rezonings for data center requests amid persistent opposition", "publisher": "The Augusta Press", "url": "https://theaugustapress.com/columbia-county-passes-two-out-of-three-rezonings-for-data-center-requests-amid-persistent-opposition/", "date": "2026-02-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Citizen files lawsuits over Columbia County data centers", "publisher": "WRDW", "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/02/26/citizen-files-lawsuits-over-columbia-county-data-centers/", "date": "2026-02-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Citizen appeals dismissals of Columbia County data center rezoning lawsuits", "publisher": "WRDW", "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/04/16/citizen-appeals-dismissals-columbia-county-data-center-rezoning-lawsuits/", "date": "2026-04-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Appeals filed in Columbia County data centers, quarry zoning cases", "publisher": "The Augusta Press", "url": "https://theaugustapress.com/appeals-filed-for-lawsuits-against-columbia-county-legal-efforts-countering-data-centers-continue/", "date": "2026-04-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Columbia Co. data centers get zoning approval, face additional steps before construction", "publisher": "WRDW", "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/02/04/columbia-co-data-centers-get-zoning-approval-face-additional-steps-before-construction/", "date": "2026-02-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Google announced as end user of 8 million sq ft data center in Columbia, Georgia", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-announced-as-end-user-of-8-million-sq-ft-data-center-in-columbia-georgia/", "date": "2026-07-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Columbia County advances $17 billion data center deal", "publisher": "WRDW", "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/08/26/columbia-county-advances-17-billion-data-center-deal/", "date": "2026-08-26", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-10-13" }, { "slug": "wilderness-crossing-orange-county-va", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/wilderness-crossing-orange-county-va", "name": "Wilderness Crossing", "aka": [], "city": null, "county": "Orange County", "state": "VA", "lat": 38.2454, "lng": -78.1108, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Rezoning approved April 2023; preservation groups' challenge allowed to proceed toward trial in September 2025", "developer": "KEG Associates III", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Wilderness Crossing is an approved 2,600-acre rezoning near the intersection of Routes 3 and 20 in Orange County, adjacent to the Wilderness Battlefield, that includes 732 acres of data centers and distribution warehouses alongside more than 5,000 residential units. The Orange County Board of Supervisors approved the rezoning 4-1 on April 25, 2023, and the American Battlefield Trust says Amazon has been behind the proposal since at least April 2022. A lawsuit by preservation groups and nearby landowners survived a motion to dismiss in part in September 2025.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 2600, "note": "total rezoning, mixed use", "source": "s1", "quote": "an approved 2,600-acre rezoning and proposed development in Orange County near the intersection of Rt. 3 and Rt. 20 adjacent to Wilderness Battlefield and across from Lake of the Woods" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 732, "note": "data centers and distribution warehouses portion", "source": "s2", "quote": "more than 5,000 residential units, 200,000 square feet of mixed-use commercial development, and 732 acres of data centers and distribution warehouses" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": "more than 30 million", "note": "permitted industrial data center and warehouse distribution space after a late increase from five million, per the American Battlefield Trust", "source": "s3", "quote": "last-minute six-fold increase in permitted square footage of industrial data center and warehouse distribution building space, from five million to more than 30 million" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Orange County Board of Supervisors approved the rezoning 4-1 on April 25, 2023", "source": "s1", "quote": "On April 25, 2023, the Orange County Board of Supervisors voted 4-1 to approve the rezoning request, making it the largest land rezoning in County history." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-03", "event": "KEG Associates III submits the Wilderness Crossing application", "source": "s1", "quote": "since the application was first submitted by developer KEG Associates III in March of 2021" }, { "date": "2023-04-25", "event": "Orange County Board of Supervisors approves the rezoning 4-1", "source": "s1", "quote": "On April 25, 2023, the Orange County Board of Supervisors voted 4-1 to approve the rezoning request" }, { "date": "2023-05", "event": "American Battlefield Trust and allied groups file a legal challenge in Orange County Circuit Court", "source": "s2", "quote": "filed a legal challenge in Orange County Circuit Court" }, { "date": "2025-09-16", "event": "Circuit court allows four of seven counts in the preservation groups' lawsuit to proceed", "source": "s2", "quote": "ruled that four of our seven charges" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "American Battlefield Trust et al. challenge to Wilderness Crossing rezoning", "court": "Orange County Circuit Court", "filed": "2023", "status": "pending", "summary": "Preservation groups and nearby homeowners challenged the Board of Supervisors' rezoning; the court partially denied a motion to dismiss in September 2025.", "source": "s4", "quote": "partially denied a motion to dismiss" } ], "issues": [ "A Piedmont Environmental Council lawsuit revealed that Amazon has been behind the proposal since at least April 2022, according to the American Battlefield Trust (s2)", "Preservation groups say the development threatens the Wilderness Battlefield (s2, s4)", "The Piedmont Environmental Council cites concerns over data centers and distribution centers, taxes, water and sewer infrastructure, traffic and habitat fragmentation (s1)", "The site contains unreclaimed gold mines, including the Vaucluse mine once considered for Superfund listing, according to the Piedmont Environmental Council (s1)", "The American Battlefield Trust and local landowners sued to stop the development, which borders a large data center complex (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Wilderness Crossing", "publisher": "The Piedmont Environmental Council", "url": "https://www.pecva.org/wilderness-crossing/", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Struggle Against Mega-development at Wilderness Battlefield Continues", "publisher": "American Battlefield Trust", "url": "https://www.battlefields.org/preserve/speak-out/fight-continues-wilderness-battlefield", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "American Battlefield Trust, Local Preservation Groups Demand Answers to Hasty, Unlawful Approval of Amazon-Backed Wilderness Crossing Project", "publisher": "American Battlefield Trust", "url": "https://www.battlefields.org/news/american-battlefield-trust-local-preservation-groups-demand-answers-hasty-unlawful-approval", "date": "2023-12-01", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "VICTORY: Court Rules Lawsuit to Protect Wilderness Battlefield Can Proceed", "publisher": "National Parks Conservation Association", "url": "https://www.npca.org/articles/10706-victory-court-rules-lawsuit-to-protect-wilderness-battlefield-can-proceed", "date": "2025-09-17", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Local governments race to attract data centers, often in spite of concerns from their constituents", "publisher": "Virginia Mercury", "url": "https://virginiamercury.com/2026/04/24/local-governments-race-to-attract-data-centers-often-in-spite-of-concerns-from-their-constituents/", "date": "2026-04-24", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" } ] }